PERIANDER enhanced Corinth’s natural advantages by constructing an artificial harbor and a passageway across the ISTHMUS (the DIOLKOS) that allowed ships to be DRAGGED over land from one gulf to the other. He also LEVIED taxes on the USE of CORINTHIAN harbors, markets, and the DIOLKOS. PERIANDER, (died c. 587 BCE), SECOND tyrant of CORINTH (c. 627–587 BCE), a firm and effective ruler who exploited his city’s commercial and cultural potential. Much of the ANCIENT GREEK representation of PERIANDER as a cruel despot probably derives from the CORINTHIAN NOBILITY with whom he dealt harshly. PERIANDER was the son of CYPSELUS, the FOUNDER of the CYPSELID DYNASTY of CORINTH. To promote and protect CORINTHIAN trade, PERIANDER established colonies at POTIDAEA in CHALCIDICE and at APOLLONIA in ILLYRIA. He conquered Epidaurus and annexed CORCYRA. The DIOLKOS (=“portage way”) across the ISTHMUS of CORINTH was perhaps built during his reign. It appears that the commercial prosperity of PERIANDER’SCorinth became so great that the tolls on goods entering its ports accounted for almost all government revenues. PERIANDER cultivated friendly relations with THRASYBULUS, tyrant of MILETUS, and maintained ties with the kings of LYDIA and EGYPT. In the cultural sphere he was a patron of art and of literature; by his invitation the poet ARION came to the city from LESBOS. Sometimes reckoned as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, Periander was the supposed author of a collection of maxims in 2,000 verses. CORINTH, Greek KÓRINTHOS, an ancient and a modern city of the PELOPONNESE, in SOUTH-CENTRAL GREECE. The remains of the ancient city lie about 50 miles (80 km) west of ATHENS, at the EASTERN end of the Gulf of CORINTH, on a terrace some 300 feet (90 metres) above sea level. The ancient city grew up at the base of the citadel of the ACROCORINTHUS—a GIBRALTAR-like eminence rising 1,886 feet (575 metres) above sea level. The ACROCORINTHUS lies about 1.5 miles (2.5 km) south of the ISTHMUS of CORINTH, which connects the PELOPONNESE with CENTRAL GREECE and which also separates the SARONIC and CORINTHIAN gulfs from each other. The citadel of the ACROCORINTHUS rises precipitously above the old city and commands the land route into the PELOPONNESE, a circumstance that gave CORINTH great strategic and commercial importance in ancient times. The site was occupied from before 3000 BCE, but its HISTORY is obscure until the early 8th century BCE, when the city-state of CORINTH began to develop as a commercial centre. CORINTH’s political influence was increased through territorial expansion in the vicinity, and by the late 8th century it had secured control of the ISTHMUS. The CORINTHIANS established colonies at CORCYRA and SYRACUSE , which would later assure them a dominant position in trade with the #1western Mediterranean. Britannica Quiz History Buff Quiz During the 8th and 7th centuries CORINTH was ruled by the BACCHIANS family of nobles, but they were eventually overthrown by CYPSELUS, who, followed by his son PERIANDER , ruled the city as tyrants from about 657 to 550. These tyrants founded further colonies, but the chief source of CORINTH’s wealth remained its possession of the isthmus, which controlled not only the land traffic between Attica and the PELOPONNESE but also the traffic between the Aegean and Ionian seas by way of the CORINTHIAN and SARONIC gulfs. PERIANDER facilitated the transit of ships and cargoes, which were hauled overland from gulf to gulf, by building a stone roadway between them, thus sparing SEAFARERS the ARDUOUS voyage around the southern tip of the Peloponnese. By this time Corinth had harbours on both gulfs that flanked it, LECHAEUM on the Gulf of CORINTH and Cenchreae on the Saronic Gulf. Under the tyrants, CORINTH’S COLONIAL expansion was extended along the ADRIATIC and into MACEDONIA. The tyranny of the CYPSELIDS was followed in about 550 BCE by an OLIGARCHICAL government that embarked on a major building program for the city. In the second half of the 6th century, however, CORINTH was OUTSTRIPPED by ATHENS in both seamanship and commerce, and it was often the bitter commercial rivalry between CORINTH and ATHENS that was to generate crises in GREEK politics over the next 200 years. After the GRECO-PERSIAN Wars (c. 546–c. 448 BCE), CORINTH joined SPARTA against ATHENS during the PELOPONNESIAN War (431–404 BCE), but, though that conflict brought about the military defeat of ATHENS, it did little to revive the power of CORINTH, which joined with some of its former allies to defeat SPARTA in the CORINTHIAN War (395–387 BCE). CORINTH was subsequently involved in most of the political conflicts of GREECE, but chiefly as a pawn in the struggles of more powerful city-states because of the strategic value of its citadel. CORINTH’S independence finally ended in 338 BCE when PHILIP of MACEDONIA GARRISONED the ACROCORINTHUS and made the city the centre of the LEAGUE of CORINTH. The city remained the puppet of MACEDONIA and SUBSEQUENTLY of the ACHAEAN LEAGUE until the LATTER involved it in a FATAL conflict with ROME, and in 146 BCE CORINTH was destroyed by the ROMAN general LUCIUS Mummius . In 44 BCE JULIUS Caesar reestablished CORINTH as a ROMAN colony. The new6 Corinth flourished and became the administrative capital of the ROMAN province of ACHAEA. The city is known to readers of the New Testament for the letters addressed to its Christian community by the apostle PAUL. It enjoyed some prosperity under BYZANTINE rule but declined in the later European Middle Ages. After the Turkish conquest in 1458, it was reduced to a country town. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now The remains of the ancient city of CORINTH lie just north of the ACROCORINTHUS, with which it was joined by a circuit wall about 6 miles (10 km) in circumference. The city was connected with its principal port, LECHAEUM, by two parallel walls and a paved highway that led to the PROPYLAEA, the entrance to the agora (the city’s main marketplace). Most of the substantial remains in the agora are works from the ROMAN period, but it acquired its present extent much earlier, in the 4th century BCE, with the construction of an enormous stoa (portico), 525 feet (160 metres) in length, that enclosed its southern side. IMMEDIATELY behind the SOUTH stoa began the road leading to the city’s other port of CENCHREAE, on the SARONIC Gulf. On a small rise northwest of the agora stand seven DORIC columns, which are the remains of the TEMPLE of APOLLO (c. 550 BCE). The remains of other temples, villas, a theatre, shops, public baths, pottery factories, a gymnasium, a large TRIUMPHAN arch, and other buildings dot the site, which since 1896 has been extensively excavated. MODERN CORINTH , three miles northeast of the site of ancient Corinth, was founded in 1858 after an earthquake leveled the latter. It is primarily a hub of communications between NORTHERN and SOUTHERN GREECE and is the PRIMARY point of export for local fruit, raisins, 0 (municipality) of CORINTH in the PELOPONNESE (MODERN GREEK : PELOPÓNNISOS) PERIFÉREIA (region), as well as the seat of an archbishop. Pop. (2001) 30,434; (2011) 30,176.
Temple of Apollo, in Ancient Corinth, was built about 540 B.C. in the Doric style on the ruins of much earlier temple. It is one of the earliest Doric temples in the Peloponnese constructed of local limestone on top of an imposing, rocky hill.
The mosaics of the Hall of Arion based around the Greek myth of the poet Arion. In the UNESCO listed Ancient Roman mosaics in the Villa Romana del Cas
IDENTICAL-CLASSICAL MOTIVES, FROM the HELLENIC MYTHAGOGY-COSMOLOGY: ARION/ΑΡΙΩΝ ο ΚΙΘΑΡΩΔΟΣ(=ARION the CITHAR PLAYER) rides his DOLPHIN to safety in a third-century mosaic from baths in Henchir Thyna, Tunisia (DEA Picture Library)
ANCIENT CORINTH
Corinthian columns in Jerash, Jordan
Corinthian capital from the Colosseum with gorgoneia, made by Syraciusian sculptors
CORINTHIAN columns of the ARCH of SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS in LEPTIS MAGNA
Corinthinan peripteros of the Temple of Bacchus in Baalbek, Lebanon
CORINTHIA, CORINTH. Circa 350/45-285 BC. AR Stater (21.5mm, 8.53 g, 10h). PEGASOS flying left; koppa below / Head of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helmet with neck guard and laurel wreath on the bowl; I before neck, star to right. Pegasi 425; BCD Corinth.
CORINTHIA, Corinth. Circa 400-350/45 BC. AR Stater (21.5mm, 8.60 g, 1h). PEGASOS, wings raised and trailing rein, alighting left; koppa below / Head of ATHENA right, wearing Corinthian Store helmet with neck guard.
PEGASOS STATUE IN MODERN CORINTH
Bellerophon, Pegasus and Chimera, Laconian black-figure kylix C6th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum
BELLEROPHONTES: ETYM: ΒΕΛΟΣ+ΦΟΡΩΝ = ARROW CARRIER was one of the MOST celebrated heroes of myth. He was a son of the god Poseidon and Eurynome, wife of King Glaukos (Glaucus) of Korinthos (Corinth). In his youth Bellerophontes captured the winged horse Pegasos as it came to drink from the town’s fountain.
He was later exiled for the murder of a family member and journeyed to the court of King Proitos (Proetus) in Argos for purification. The queen, however, developed a lust for the hero and when he spurned her, she told her husband he had tried to violate her.
Proitos then sent him off to King Iobates in Lykia (Lycia) with a closed letter requesting the youth be put to death. Iobates was reluctant to do this himself and so commanded Bellerophontes to slay the fire-breathing Khimaira (Chimera) which was ravaging the land. He rode into battle against the beast on the back of Pegasos and slew it by driving a lead-tipped spear into its fiery gullet.
The king then ordered him to subdue the barbarous Solymoi tribe, and later the Amazones, but again he proved victorious. Finally, Iobates commanded his guards to ambush and kill the youth, but he slew them all. The king was forced to acknowledge that Bellerophontes must be the son of a god and welcomed him into his house as his son-in-law and heir.
Despite all of his successes, Bellerophontes was still not satisfied and sought to ascend to heaven on the back of Pegasos. Zeus was angered by his presumption and sent a gadfly to sting the horse, causing it to buck and cast the hero back down to earth. After this he wandered the world alone, despised by both gods and men.
The mythological etymology of Bellerophontes name was “Slayer of Belleros” from the Greek Belleros and phonos. However, it is likely that the name originally meant “Wielder of Missiles” from the Greek words belos and phoreô.
Bellerophon, Pegasus and Chimera, Laconian black-figure kylix C6th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum
An exquisite bronze CORINTHIAN helmet of c.510BC. Found at PUGLIA in Italy, it was acquired(!!) by… the British Museum in 1865, in whose collection it remains.
ISTHMUS
Humans Have A Funny Habit Of “Creating” Their Own Route
The STATUE of LIBERTY, whose OFFICIAL NAME IS: (ENGLISH: “LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD” GALLIC: “LA LIBERTE ECLAIRANT LE MONDE”),IS A COLOSSAL statue on the islet of the same name and in the upper part of New York Bay. This statue was erected to commemorate the friendship between the peoples of the USA and FRANCE. Its total height is 93 meters (302 ft) including the plinth, and in the Encyclopaedia Britannica version it shows a woman preaching freedom. This woman holds a torch in her raised right hand and an inscribed tablet in her left bearing the date July 4, 1776. An elevator goes up to the height of the balcony and a spiral staircase leads to an observation deck on the crown worn by LIBERTY. The torch she holds is 93 meters above the surface of the sea. At the base of the statue is the American Museum of Immigration. The proposal for the construction of the statue was formulated by a FRENCH HISTORIAN, ÉDUATD DE LABOULAIS, AFTER the AMERICAN CIVIL WAR . A sufficient amount of money was collected by contributions from the FRENCH PEOPLE and the work BEGAN inFRANCE in 1875, under the direction of the SCULPTOR FREDERIC-AUGUSTE BARTHOLDI. APOLLO’s ΦΩΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ/PHOTOPHOROS=LIGHT BEARER is depicted in exactly this form. And fortunately for us, the IMMORTAL GREEK LAND of CORINTH, saved us this image, so that today we can know the truth. The figure of APOLLO ΦΩΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ/PHOTOPHOROS=LIGHT BEARER is today in the MUSEUM of CORINTH, but it goes unnoticed by the unsuspecting visitor. It is on a three-fold plate together with two other representations. The one in the left part depicts an angel, a figure similar to that of the Christian faith and according to archaeologists is the figure of the goddess HECATE. In the right part, a rosette is depicted. And in the midst of the miracle! The form of the Light-bearer APOLLO, the same as that of the Statue of LIBERTY! Intellectual property is not clear to whom it belongs. It is said by people of CORINTH who know that the director of the American Archaeological Mission, a sober and honest man, has declared that AMERICANS should come and worship in the Museum area where the image of the light-bearer APOLLO is located, because it is the source of their national symbol . (In the photo, we see the sculpture with the representation of ZOODOTIS ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝ ΗΛΙΟΣ=APOLLO HELIOS with his fiery chariot).
Το Άγαλμα της Ελευθερίας , του οποίου η επίσημη ονομασία είναι “Η Ελευθερία φωτίζοντας τον κόσμο” (αγγλιστί “Liberty enlightening the World” γαλλιστί “la Liberte eclairant le monde”) , είναι ένα κολοσσιαίο άγαλμα πάνω στην ομώνυμη νησίδα και μέσα στο άνω τμήμα του Κόλπου της Νέας Υόρκης. Το άγαλμα αυτό στήθηκε σε ανάμνηση της φιλίας των λαών των ΗΠΑ και της Γαλλίας.
Το συνολικό του ύψος είναι 93 μέτρα (302 πόδια) μαζί με το βάθρο , και κατά την εκδοχή της εγκυκλοπαίδειας Μπριτάννικα παρουσιάζει μια γυναίκα να κηρύττει την ελευθερία. Η γυναίκα αυτή κρατάει έναν πυρσό στο υψωμένο δεξί της χέρι και μια ενεπίγραφη πλάκα στο αριστερό όπου αναγράφεται η ημερομηνία 4 Ιουλίου 1776.
Ένας ανελκυστήρας ανεβάζει έως το ύψος του εξώστη και μια ελικοειδής σκάλα οδηγεί σε μιαν εξέδρα παρατηρήσεως πάνω στο στέμμα που φοράει η Ελευθερία.Ο πυρσός που κρατάει βρίσκεται σε 93 μέτρα ύψος πάνω από την επιφάνεια της θαλάσσης. Στην βάση του αγάλματος βρίσκεται το Αμερικανικό Μουσείο της Μεταναστεύσεως (American Museum of Immigration).
Την πρόταση για την κατασκευή του αγάλματος διατύπωσε ένας Γάλλος ιστορικός, ο Εντουάρ ντε Λαμπουλάϊγ , μετά τον Αμερικανικό Εμφύλιο πόλεμο. Συγκεντρώθηκε ένας ικανός αριθμός χρημάτων με εισφορές του γαλλικού λαού και το έργο άρχισε στη Γαλλία το 1875, υπό την διεύθυνση του γλύπτη Φρεντερίκ-Ωγκύστ Μπαρτολντί.
Ο Φωτοφόρος Απόλλων , απεικονίζεται με αυτήν ακριβώς την μορφή. Και ευτυχώς για μας , η αθάνατη Ελληνική Γη της Κορινθίας , μας διέσωσε αυτή την εικόνα , για να μπορούμε σήμερα να γνωρίζουμε την αλήθεια.
Η μορφή του Φωτοφόρου Απόλλωνος βρίσκεται σήμερα στο Μουσείο της Κορίνθου , περνά όμως απαρατήρητη για τον επισκέπτη που δεν είναι υποψιασμένος. Βρίσκεται σε μία τρίπτυχη πλάκα μαζί με άλλες δύο παραστάσεις. Η μια στο αριστερό τμήμα, απεικονίζει έναν άγγελο , μορφή όμοια και ίδια με αυτήν της χριστιανικής πίστεως και είναι κατά τους αρχαιολόγους η μορφή της θεάς Εκάτης. Στο δεξιό τμήμα, απεικονίζεται ρόδακας. Και στην μέση ω του θαύματος! Η μορφή του Φωτοφόρου Απόλλωνος , ίδια με αυτήν του αγάλματος της Ελευθερίας! Η πνευματική ιδιοκτησία είναι πασιφανές σε ποιόν ανήκει.
Λέγεται από ανθρώπους της Κορίνθου που γνωρίζουν ότι ο διευθυντής της Αμερικανικής Αρχαιολογικής αποστολής , σώφρων και έντιμος άνθρωπος , έχει δηλώσει ότι οι Αμερικανοί πρέπει να έρχονται να προσκυνούν στον χώρο του Μουσείου όπου βρίσκεται η μορφή του φωτοφόρου Απόλλωνος , διότι είναι η πηγή του εθνικού τους συμβόλου. (Στην φωτογραφία, βλέπουμε το γλυπτό με την παράσταση του Ζωοδώτη Απόλλωνα – Ηλίου με το πύρινο άρμα του).
The supposed Phoenician origin of the Greek alphabet is over! https://euphoriatric.com/the-mathematical-structure-of-the-ancient-greek-language-vs-phoenician-deception/
A sensational speech about the Greek language and its authentic Greek writing (alphabet) which does not come from the Phoenicians and the non-existent “Indo-Europeans” , a theory that calls for it to be removed from school books , was given at the Academy of Athens by its outgoing President, Akadimaikos Antonios Kounadis on January 14, 2019 AD , closing his annual term there.
The following text of his speech was first published on the website of the ” Estia” newspaper.
THE ORIGIN OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE: SPOKEN AND WRITTEN https://euphoriatric.com/the-mathematical-structure-of-the-ancient-greek-language-vs-phoenician-deception/
Speech by the former president of the Academy of Athens, Antonio Kounadis
delivered at the Academy of Athens on January 14, 2019.
THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE HIGHEST CULTURAL GOOD
“The opinion put forward in the 18th century, that the Greek language belongs to the Indo-European family of languages , as well as the opinion that the Greek alphabet is of Phoenician-Semitic origin, have been the subject of intense debates and disputes that continue to this day. Two issues, which should not leave any Greek indifferent, since the most important asset of our cultural heritage, the Greek language , spoken and written, inextricably linked to the identity, continuity, survival and perspective of Hellenism , is a matter all of us.
Of course also the speaker, due to my long-term involvement with Education and my related article, with which I formalized the harmful legislative interventions in our language, with the pseudo-labeled characterization as Educational Reforms .
Given that these two topics are interdisciplinary in nature and in fact the subject of many different sciences, my attempt in this case isto present authentic opinions of linguists, archaeologists, historians, anthropologists, paleontologists, so that more light can be shed on these two complicated and even dark topics, based on the latest findings and developments in human archaeogenetics (aDNA) and population genetics . Developments, which overturned or even confirmed previous assumptions.
ARISTOTLE: HELLENICIZES IT IS THE RIGHT NAME OF IT
In Plato’s Cratylus , which is a dialogue about the correctness of names with interlocutors Hermogenes, the philosopher-mathematician Cratylus (founder of a philosophical school in the 5th century BC) and Socrates, the beginnings of Comparative Linguistics can be found in what it concerns names of barbarians (i.e. foreigners) and the comparative method (as it concerns the dialects of Greek, e.g. Aeolian, Doric, Ionic, Attic, etc.), as well as the beginnings of Etymology for how the correct nomenclature is determined (naming) of words (names), nature or law . According to natural definition (according to Cratylos), there is an agreement between a name (word) and its etymological conceptual content (i.e. between signifier and signified), while according to the legal definition of names (words) naming is conventional Greek language is preeminently conceptual or semantic, i.e. there is a causal relationship between nouns-words and their etymological meaning .
According to Plato (Kratylus, 435-436) ” he who believes in names, believes in things” . First, Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1st century BC) in his work “On the Composition of Names” considers Plato to be the founder of Etymology, writing: “The super-etymology discourse was first introduced by Plato in multiple men and allothi, indeed in the Cratylus.” . Regarding the value of the semantic property of names, Aristotle points out: “Reason, if it does not state, will not do its own work.” (The Art of Rhetoric C. 2149), then he does not exclude the Greek with the phrase: ” To Hellenizes is the right name .” (Art of rhetoric C. 4.1407).
HEISENBERG, NOBEL LAUREATE FOR ANCIENT GREEK But even in recent times, the German philosopher-physicist Wenner Heisenberg (Nobel Prize 1932) had declared: ”
The term in the ancient Greek language was my most important intellectual exercise. In this language there is the most complete correspondence between the word and the conceptual content . If the first alphabet (more precisely, a writing system) is Semitic-Phoenician and if the Phoenicians (a branch of the Semitic race that distinguished itself in shipping and trade) took it from the Hebrews and transmitted it to the Greeks, it has become the subject of many discussions and disputes. Related topics for investigation are when the Phoenician immigrants settled in Phoenicia and which are the oldest inscriptions or written texts of the Phoenician culture.
HERODOTUS: “it seems to me…” Regarding the existing opinion about the origin of the Greek alphabet from the “Phoenician letters”, that is, from the Phoenician essentially “Syllabary”, it is worth noting that the “Phoenicians based this opinion mainly on the well-known
saying of Herodotus: “The Phoenicians … brought in teachers Greeks and words and letters did not exist before Greeks, as I believe…” . That is, Herodotus formulates this with reservation (as I do), referring vaguely to letters and not to the letters of a specific scripture.
DIODORUS SIKELIOTIS: “the Phoenicians took it from others”
However, the historianDiodorus the Sicilian (E 74) does not agree with Herodotus’ opinion (E 74), who clarifies thatthe so-called “Phoenician letters” are not an invention of the Phoenicians but an adaptation of other letters, that is, of the Hellenic-Cretan ones, stating : They are not found from the beginning, but the types of the letters are only shifted ,…”.
NO PHOENICIAN INSCRIPTIONS WERE NEVER FOUND
Let it be noted that the Phoenicians, as seen from various historical sources, settled in Phoenicia (today’s Lebanon and partly Syria) mixed with the native Canaanites between 1,200 and 1,100 BC. Written texts or inscriptions about the Phoenician culture have not been found until today.
THERE WAS GREEK SCRIPTURE DURING THE TRONIC WAR (1,200 BC)Based on historical data, inscriptions and many references to (known) texts of ancient Greek authors, it has been accepted by the international scientific community that
the Greek (alphabetic) writing probably existed before the time of the Trojan War. (We do not mean Linear A or B or certainly the most ancient Cretan hieroglyphic writing through ideograms.) However, the Greek (alphabetic) writing seems to have existed before the times of Homer, based on historical sources. E.g. in the Iliad (describing the Trojan War),
Homer , referring to Bellerephon, writes ”
signs that you have written on a canvas with a tymophothora many “. (Letter of Proitus to his father-in-law, Iovatis. G 169.) Also, according to the philosopher and
historian Porphyry (3rd AD century), Homer wrote the Iliad “not at all, not continuously, because they are contiguous, but” he
wrote me every rhapsody and being shown in the midst of the cities of food, he disappeared…” (Dictionary of Souda or Suida). Mistriotis mentions that
Apollodorus(180-110 BC) tells us that Ajax, during the Trojan War, wrote the news of the death of his brother, Palamedes, on a rudder , which the sea waves carried to his father Nafplion. Of interest is the Scientific Communication of the Greek researchers Tavros
Papamarinopoulosand his collaborators, which I presented at the Public Session of the Academy (19/10/2017) entitled “Astronomical Dates of the End of the Trojan War and the Return of Odysseus” (Prak tics of the Academy , vol. 92 A, 2017). The Announcement concludes that
the end of the Trojan War dates back to 1200 BC. This date indicates the existence of a writing during the time of the Trojan War, in view of what was extrapolated by Homer about Bellerephon and by Mistriotis – Apollodorus for what they mention about Oiacas.
If there really was writing before 1200 BC, the claims that the Greeks allegedly took the writing system (Syllabary) from the Phoenicians are shaken, lacking in credibility . Of course, this question remains open in the absence of evidence, because the existing evidence is not enough.
EVANS: THE PHOENICIANS TOOK THE LETTERS FROM THE GREEKS
LINE 1left from a vase at Akrotiri Thiras – right from Zakros Palace, Arch. Museum of Sitia
According to Sir Arthur Evans “the writing of Crete is the mother of the Phoenician” , while according to René Dussault “the Phoenicians had received the alphabet from the Greeks, who had formed it from the Cretan-Mycenaean script “. (See also Georgiev, Problems of the Minoan Language, Sofia 1953.)
PHOENICIAN WITHOUT VOWELS…
The Phoenician is not an alphabet, but a “Syllabary”, without vowels, with 22 consonants and without the consonants X, F, P of the Greek alphabet . But also according to the Irvain University Center TLG (Thesaurus Linguae Graecae), the Cretan historian Dosiades (who wrote the local history of Crete) mentions that the alphabet was found by the Cretans .
WHERE DOES THE LETTER ALPHA COME FROM
Plutarch (Problems 737) considers naive the opinion that the letter “alpha” is Phoenician from “Aleph” which was called the boon (considered the first of the necessary). According to the Great Etymological Dictionary, the letter “alpha” comes from the verb alfo (= to find), because “it was found first of all the other elements.”
IONIC THE PRESENT ALPHABET
Each city-state or region in the archaic Greek world had its own alphabet, (with slight variations from those of other cities.) The current Greek alphabet is the Ionic, with 24 letters, which prevailed from 403 BC. on Lord Euclid . The Corinthian also has 24 letters, the Cretan 21, the Miletus 24, the Chalcidic 25, from which the current Latin came, after adaptation by the inhabitants of Latin Italy, (who, it seems, received it from Greeks of Kimi.)
From the Greek alphabet also came the Etruscan, the Cyrillic, the ancient Phrygian, the Lycian alphabet, the Lydian, the Armenian, the Coptic, the Gothic, etc.
ANCIENT GREEK SCRIPTURES
There are many sources for the beginnings of Greek writing , among which:
1) The sign of the Dispelion of Kastoria brought to light in 1993 by professor G. Hourmouziadis, which archaeologists both from the “Democritos” Research Center and the external ones dated to 5250 BC.
Sign plate signature of Dispilio Kastoria, Macedonia 5,250 BC.(left a copy of the sign – right some of its letters and symbols)
2) “The Ostrakos in the Hermitage of Iura of the Sporades”, which was found by the archaeologist Adam Samson with a Greek inscription of 5500 BC, in which the letters A Y D are clearly visible without any inscriptions, their phonetic value being known.
Writing on a shell of 5,500 BC, Cave of Cyclops, Iura SporadesGreek letters A, Y, D are visible
3) “The Ὄstrakos in the Pilikata area of Ithaca” ,
dating to 2700 BC. , on which there are engraved symbolic figures similar to those of Linear Scriptures A and B.
Writing on a shell of 2,700 BC. in Pelikata, Ithaca – Cross Museum of Ithaca
THE EPICS OF HOMER WERE TRANSFERRED IN WRITING
In this case, it is reasonable to ask how it is possible for thousands of Homeric verses to be preserved and transmitted over many centuries unchanged with amazing precision . This is why Mistriotis in his work “History of the Homeric Epics” (Sakellariu Prints, Athens 1903, edition 2) mentions: ” The polymorphism and instability in the expansion and contraction of vowels cannot be attributed to the lack of writing .” ».
Professor Gilbert Heigt states that a poem like the Iliad could not have been handed down without writing (The Classical Tradition, MIET ed.), while the famous writer Horst Blank (Papadima ed., p. 148) affirms that: ” Today a great part of philologists close to the hypothesis that the compilation of the Homeric Epics had already made the written consolidation of the text necessary… the rhapsodists carried with them their written manuscript copy . Also, the French Hellenist Jacqueline De Romiguy categorically states: ” Homer and writing coexist .”. (Why Greece, Ed. To “Asty”, p. 28.) The dactylic hexameter in the Homeric Epics is based on prosody (long and short vowels, double consonants, diphthongs, etc.). The opinion that the Phoenicians borrowed some consonants and immediately the Greeks wrote the Epis spelled, has no strong arguments , as the Dictionary Souda or Suida states (see Phoenician city).
WILLIAM DURANT: THE PHOENICIANS TOOK IT FROM THE GREEKS
The reference of the American historian/philosopher, editor of the world history of culture , William Durant, is also characteristic: ” The Phoenicians were not the inventors of the alphabet, they only circulated it from place to place. They took it from the Cretans and transported it to Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and other cities of the Mediterranean. There were the “gyrologists” and not the inventors of the alphabet .”
The archaeologist-epigraphist Apostolos Arvanitopoulos had declared: ” The alphabet was invented and implemented by the Ancient Greeks … and they gifted it to the lost humanity as its common property.” There are several testimonies with texts of ancient historians and writers (after the time of Homer), which support that there was a written Greek language (a variety of Grammika B’) around 1200 BC, i.e. before the Phoenician-Semitic Syllabary . However, evidence (eg inscriptions) for the existence of Greek writing dating back to this period does not exist.
GILBERT MURRAY: GREEK IS THE BEST LANGUAGE
For this language of incomparable perfection that we ourselves have abused, while for foreign Greekists and linguists it is an object of admiration and study , the statement of the distinguished Greek professor at the University of Oxford, Gilbert Murray, is characteristic : “[…] a thought can be expressed with ease and grace in Greek, while it becomes difficult and heavy in Latin, English, French, German. Greek is the most perfect language, because it expresses the thoughts of the most perfect people .”
The distinguished Hellenist and linguist Spanish professor FR Adrados , a foreign partner of the Academy of Athens, has repeatedly stated that Western European languages are Semi-Hellenic or Crypto-Hellenic .
THE INVENTOR OF TONES AND SPIRITS
It is also worth noting that Aristophanes of Byzantium (2nd century BC) is considered the first to refine and apply tones and spirits .
THE FAISTUS DISC
“On the “disc of Phaistos” dating before 1200 BC. (which was found in Crete and has not been deciphered until today) the letters B G L Y are clearly “printed” .
CLAY DOCUMENTS 2,000 BC
Michael Ventris and John Chadwick argued for the first time that the “baked clay tablets, from the second millennium BC, found at Pylos, Knossos, Mycenae and other places, contained Greek writings that came from the ancient Mycenaean Kingdoms”” .
The Mycenaeans , as FR Adrados recently pointed out (following others), were Greek, written with the help of an ancient syllabic script that was subsequently forgotten .
OSWALD PANAGL: THE LINEAR VARIATION OF ANCIENT GREEK
Also, in his speech at the Academy of Athens (March 8-10, 2013), the distinguished Austrian linguist and Mycenologist Osvald Panagl mentioned that: The above tablets (of Knossos, Pylos, Mycenae) were written in a primitive variant of ancient Greek, 500 years earlier of the linguistic idiom of the Homeric Epics. Consequently, their date goes back to around 1300 BC.
ICLAIN OF MESSINIA: LINEAR II OF 1450 BC.
The Archaeologist M. Kosmopoulos in Iklaina Messinia with Linear B of 1450 BC.
Recently in Iklaina of Messinia (14 km from Pylos) the archaeologist Michael Kosmopoulos , a professor at the University of Missouri in the USA (responsible for excavations since 1998 in this area), found “among rubble and garbage” the oldest clay tablet to date Linear B dated between 1450 and 1400 BC. , as he informed me in his relevant letter.
OINOCHOES OF DIPYLOS
Winemaker Dipylos Kerameikos of 740 BC. with the letters:”THE CURRENT ORCHESTRA ALWAYS PLAYS TODE KAN MIN…”which according to Babiniotis means “1. Which of the musicians dances more lightly than all 2a. this (the vessel, the wine-cup) belongs to him and if you [see him, wish him every happiness] 2b. let him take it (the vessel)”National Archaeological Museum
However, the oldest alphabetic inscription , engraved on a clay vessel, in ” Oinochoi of Dipylus ” is from the 8th BC. aἰ.: ” THE CURRENT ORCHESTRA ALWAYS PLAYS THIS FOR TEN MINUTES “. However, in view of the above, this inscription should not be the oldest. Taking into account that to date less than 5% of the Greek Secretariat has been known, it is reasonable to expect that in the future new findings will be brought to light by the archaeological hoe.
INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGE
According to the linguist professor at Charles Sturt University in Australia George Kanarakis (and other researchers), based on historical comparative linguistics, “the Greek language does not belong to any of the language groups of the Indo-European family and is therefore classified as an isolated language within the context of its homolingualism.” The term Indo-Europeans was introduced in 1813 by the British linguist, physician and physicist Thomas Young (1779-1829).
The top international linguist – Hellenist FR Adrados in his announcement at the Academy of Athens said that the Minoans “whom we do not know how to define with precision, but they were not Indo-Europeans – the people who wrote the “Phaeisto disc” were not Europeans ”, neither they where they wrote the Mycenaean script.”
aDNA
The prevailing opinion, contrary to that of Sir Arthur Evans (according to which Libyans and Egyptians immigrated to Crete developing the Minoan civilization), is that the Minoans do not belong to the linguistically Indo-European populations that settled Europe in the Neolithic era . However, the research team of Georgios Stamatogiannopoulos , Professor of Genetics and Genetic Medicine at G. Washington University , in collaboration with Greek and foreign scientists of various specialties, isolated αDNA (ancient DNA) from Minoan remains 4,300 years old and determined the polymorphisms of the mitochondrion, the who they have the characteristics of European culture . Extremely interesting is a recent publication by him and his collaborators entitled ” Population Genetics and the Theory of the Alleged Extinction of the Greeks of the Peloponnese during the Middle Ages ” that I announced at the Academy of Athens (27/4/2017), which proves that the Population Genetics can clarify important issues of origin and history of the Human population.
SANSKRIT IS BASED ON GREEK
The distinguished German linguist Franz Bopp (editor of the Comparative Grammar in 1857) has argued that Sanskrit is based on Greek, and not the other way around .
CONCLUSIONS Based on the above, we can reach the following conclusions:1.
Plato laid the foundations of the Etymology of the Greek language , which is
preeminently semantic (conceptual), that is, there is a causal relationship between words and their etymological meaning.2. Research through
aDNA showed that there were expansions of population groups from the Russian steppes both to the West (toward Central and Western Europe) and to the East of Europe, through the Asian steppes.
A genetic signature of migrations to Greece has not been confirmed until today , however, if such exists, according to the top linguist J. Mallory, it will be very small in relation to the
indigenous population settled in Greece at the time.3.
The term Indo-Europeans is purely linguistic and does not imply any racial type of person. The existence of an Indo-European race is strongly disputed by leading specialist scientists, based on recent genetic data.
It is time for the old Indo-European case to be removed from the textbooks .4. The inclusion of Proto-Greek in the Indo-European common language is not disputed, however,
the mother-language of this common language remains unknown . However, as previously discussed,
Proto-Greek seems to be superior to the other languages (including Sanskrit), however the question of the time of its appearance in the Greek space remains open (according to Dr. I. Lazaridis).5. In the Greek area, and specifically
in Crete, the first writing system with ideograms (hieroglyphs) appears 5,000 years ago,
followed approximately 4,000 years ago by Linear A’ (which has not yet been deciphered),
which is succeeded before 3,500 years (15th BC) the Linear B script (including vowels), which was deciphered as Greek by the British architect M. Ventris. According to the famous linguist – Mycenologist
Osvald Panagl, the tablets of Knossos and Mycenae date from around 1300 BC, of Pylos around 1200 BC, while the distinguished archaeologist
M. Kosmopoulos discovered in Iklaina (14 km from Pylos) the oldest to date clay tablet of Linear B, dated around 1450-1400 BC .6. In the Middle East and specifically
in the former Phenicia it appears around 1150 BC. the so-called Phoenician-Semitic writing system, which is not an alphabet but a syllabary without vowels, with 22 consonants, (which do not include the Greek consonants
X, F, Ψ .)
If there was writing during the time of the Trojan War (i.e. before 1200 BC), the hypothesis that the Greeks took the writing system (Syllabary) from the Phoenicians is shaky, lacking credibility .7.
The first alphabet in the world is the Greek, from the 8th BC. aἰ Originally it had 27 letters, from 403 BC. 24 letters, after removing the digamma, Kopa and sabi . However, there are serious indications based on historical sources (Homeric Epistles, Mistriotis, etc.) and archaeological findings, that the Greek alphabet is much more ancient, OLDER dating back to the years of the Trojan War (Mistriotis, Apollodorus, etc.), it is much more
THE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE VS “PHOENICIAN” DECEPTION.
H E R E: AN EXAMPLE OF AN I D E N T I C A L- C L A S S I C A L VARIATION OF A STANZA …, …………….
********************** J U S T………………V O W E L S!!!! ********************
( A N C I E N T G R E E K // ATTICA DIALECT)
A YOUNG MOTHERS WISH TO HER BABY SON :
“ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ” = AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYSTHE FLAME OF LIFE = ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥΗ ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ (TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK).
ANALYTICTRASLATIONIN ORDERFROM; ANCIENT GREEK – NEW GREEK – ENGLISH
ΟΙΑ = ΟΠΩΣ= AS
ΗΩ = Η ΑΥΓΉ = THE DAWN
Ω ΥΙΕ = ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ = OH MY SON
ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ = BE ALWAYS
(TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK) :
ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ =
= AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYS!!
Η ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ=THE FLAME OF LIFE=2135
ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = 2135
ATTENTION: – GO AFTER THE ANCIENT ALPHABET INDEX
The earliest numerical notation used by the Greeks was the Attic system. It employed the vertical stroke for a one, and symbols for“5”, “10”, “100”, “1000”, and “10,000”. Though there was some steam lining of its use. The (IONIAN)) Greek system of enumeration was a VERY SOPHISTICATED one, Like the ATTICA SYSTEM it was also DECIMAL Its distinguishing feature is that it was alphabetical and required the use of more than 27 different symbols for numbers plus a couple of other symbols for meaning. This made the system somewhat cumbersome to use. However, calculation lends itself to a great deal of skill within almost any system, the Greek system being no exception. ” Greek Enumeration and Basic Number Formation First, we note that the number symbols were the same as the letters of the Greek alphabet. symbol value symbol value symbol value ! 1 ” 10 # 100 $ 2 % 20 & 200 ‘ 3 ( 30 ) 300 * 4 + 40 , 400 – 5 . 50 / 500 6 0 60 1 600 2 7 3 70 4 700 5 8 6 80 7 800 8 9 90 900 where three additional characters, the (digamma), the (koppa), 1°c 2000, G. Donald Allen Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 2 and the (sampi) are used. Hence, &62 = 287 Larger Numbers Larger numbers were also available. The thousands, 1000 to 9000, were represented by placing adiacritical mark ! before a unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 In other sources we see the diacritical mark placed as a subscript before the unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 The uses of a M was used to represent numbers from 10,000 on up. Thus 9! = 50: 000 9″#&62 = 120: 287 Alternatively, depending on the history one reads 9 – = 50: 000 9!% ¢ &62 = 120: 287 Archimedes, in his book The Sand Reckoner, calculated the number of grains of sand to fill the universe”. This required him to develop an extention the power of Greek enumeration to include very large numbers. Fractions In the area of fractions, context was crucial for correctly reading a fraction. A diacritical mark was placed after the denominator of the (unit) fraction. So, $ ! = 1 2 ;<= +$ ! = 1 42 but this latter example could also mean 40 ! ” . More complex fractions could be written as well, with context again being important. The numerator was written with an overbar. Thus, .! 6* = 51 84 Numerous, similar, representations also have been used, with increasing sophistication over time. Indeed, Diophantus uses a fractional form identical to ours but with the numerator and denominator in reversed positions. 2The reader may ask, ”What universe?” It was the universe of Aristarchos the so called ‘ancient Copernicus’ because he proposed a sun centered universe with the earth and other planet orbiting it. More on this later. Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 3 # Calculation The arithmetic operations are complex in that so many symbols are used. However, as you can imagine, addition amounts to grouping and then carrying. For example 5+7= – + 2 = %$ = 12, not terribly unlike what we do. Multiplication was carried out using the distributive law. For example: &62 ¢ $ = (& + 6 + 2) £ $ = (200 + 80 + 7) £ 2 = 400 + 160 + 14 = 574 = /3*
A vast knowledge locked-coded into words because of mathematical values they have. One of the pioneers on the matter was maximum Pythagoras.
The numbers, shapes, harmony and the stars have something in common, so respectively mathematics (numbers) geometry (shape), harmony (music) and astro-nomy (one star = a-choris- bracket + natural nomoipou govern ) were sisters sciences by Pythagoras, which in this series we discussed was the ladder to development (= ex -tou- helix, DNA) of mind-soul to the Creator.
A Creator who created based on these four disciplines. 27 symbols-figures in numerical value make up the Greek Alphabet, 3 groups of 9 numbers-symbols each group, totaling each group 45, 450, 4,500. ALPHA = 1 + 30 + 500 + 1 = 532 => 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 EN = 5 + 50 = 55 => 5 + 5 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 OMIKRON = 70 + 40 + 10 + 20 + 100 + 70 + 50 = 360, as there are degrees of the circle
To be able to understand the meanings of the concepts of words of ancient Greek tongue should first know a little about the actual Greek language.
The ancient Greek language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The ancient Greek language is a MATHEMATICAL MASTERPIECE that wè`ll try to approach.
The beginning of everything is the same as the Ancient Greek alphabet (which of course we did not get it from someone else as we shall see, because factually not possible). The letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole was 33 and as many vertebrae, the last five vertebrae (playing the role of the antenna) directly related to the brain and corresponding to the last 5 ineffable letters which only the priests knew * one of them It was the right (or Gammadion) which in Latin became swstika and the Nazis stole and name Swastika. This symbol is the life-giving Sun (Apollo), the Nazis reversed it to symbolize the opposite of life-giving Sun, ie dark death.
There were also some letters which over time abolished as Digamma (F, Qoppa (Q), stigma (S ‘), Saba (ϡ) Pythagoras inform us about the 3 levels of Greek language which are:
1. Talking 2. Signifier (a. Signal b. Signified) 3. caches (a. Time b. Vibration c. Lexarithmos d. Tonarithmos) -The First is the speech -The Second is the relationship between the mark and the signified that we will analyze below. -The Third is the interval (distance & time), vibration (which awakens the brain through resonance frequencies of the created pulses – Pallas Athena) the lexarithmos (relation of letters and words with numbers) and tonarithmos (relation of letters and words of tunes )
Each letter corresponding to a number, and a musical tone so letter = number = tone (musician), which shows that in our language behind letters-words are numbers (lexarithmoi) and musical sounds (tonarithmoi).
The four sisters sciences by Pythagoras were: 1. Numbers (mathematics) 2. Shapes (Geometry – γεωμετρια); from: geo+metria=earth measure, meter. 3. Music (Harmony)(nine muses..) 4. Astronomy (Astro+nomia from nomos=law)
The above sciences are interrelated with the Ancient Hellenic Language and are into each another like Russian bampouskes. Combine alphabet enclosing numbers and musical tones with these 4 disciplines.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2. Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres thus speak a language that has to do with the flow of the universe.
PHOENICIAN “ALPHABET”: AN HISTORICAL DECEPTION
This theory:
1. Completely rejects the theorem that the Greek language came from another language (the so-called “Indo-European”!!!), since it is PROVEN to be the only NON-conventional language of the world. In other words, the only language where a relationship betweenthe “word” (as a form) and the “meaning of the word” is established.
2. Consequently, it is proven that Greek is the first and only created language of the human species which provided the basis for all “conventional” languages, as are all the other languages of the world (where there is no causative relationship between the form and the meaning). These other languages are a corrupt form of Greek.
3. This theory proves, without a doubt, that the alphabet was created by the Greeks so that the 24 or 27 code letters would aid in attributing the meanings of the Greek words (and only of these).
4. Comparatively, this theory shows that the symbols of the Phoenician writings and their nouns, e.g., “alef” = ox, “beth” = hut, “gimel = camel, etc., not only do not contain coded meaning, but are also associated or refer to [the] primitive animal conditions – [one would expect in a culturally backward society].
”Τό πού, πόθ’ όπερ κρίνεται τού χρόνου” !!!(ancient Greek=” Where, what is it that is judged by time ”)
(Χρυσό ενεπίγραφο φύλλο μυρτιάς ή δάφνης, τέλος 4ου αι. π.Χ./ Από το ανατολικό νεκροταφείο της Πέλλας/Φέρει στικτή επιγραφή σε τρεις στίχους: ΦΕΡΣΕΦΟΝΗΙ ΠΟΣΕΙΔΙΠΠΟΣ ΜΥΣΤΗΣ ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ/Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Πέλλας)
(Gold engraved leaf of myrtle or laurel, end of the 4th century BC / From the east cemetery of Pella / It has a dotted inscription on three lines: FERSEFONHI POSEIDIPPOS MYTIS EYSEVIS / Ephorate of Antiquities of Pella the capital of ancient Macedonia)
Overwhelming evidence that one of the most important discoveries in the history of civilization is Greek ,a deception that usurps and distorts Greek History and Civilization. It is of utmost importance that the truth be restored not only for modern Greece, but also for thewhole of humanity.The deception that alphabetical script was discovered by the Phoenicians is a long-lived one.For the past 14 years [the Greek scholarly magazine] Davlos has published numerous articleson this problem. This prompted K. Katis to ask that we submit a relevant article for hismainstream daily so that this important issue would become known to a wider audience.
This article summarizes the strong evidence against the “Phoenician Deception,” and proves that the greatest discovery in the history of civilization is Greek. We believe it necessary to republish this article in [this issue of] Davlos exactly as it appeared in the daily.
A SCIENTIFIC MONSTROSITY.
According to linguistic theory, an “alphabet” is defined as “the sum of symbols following a specific sequence and order used to ascribe the essential utterances of a language, under thecondition that each utterance represents only one symbol and vice-versa”. Consequently, in alphabetical script (as an example, in the writings of the people of Europe, America,Australian, as well as the other parts of the world) each letter represents one essential sound.This is not true for the imperfect alphabets expressed through syllables where each symbolrepresents a syllable (with two or more voiced sounds). For example, in Greek Linear A and B, there is a symbol that represents the syllable ko (k + o), a symbol that represents the syllable po (p + o), etc. In Phoenician writing (which has only consonants and no vowels), this situation is even worse, as far as we can tell from the small amount of existing samples.
IN PHOENICIAN, EACH SYMBOL IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO ONE SPECIFIC SYLLABLE, BUT TO A VARIETY OF SYLLABLES, AND THUS THE READER CAN USE HIS IMAGINATION WHEN ATTEMPTING TO DECIPHER THE SOUNDS. FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE CONSONANTS WHICH CAN BE READ AS EITHER BA, BOU, BE, BI, BO, ETC. OTHERS IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAT CAN BE READ AS GOU, GA, GE, GO, AND SO ON. CONSEQUENTLY, PHOENICIAN SCRIPT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN ALPHABET, AND IS NOT EVEN AN ADVANCED FORM OF SYLLABIC SCRIPT NEARING THE PERFECTION OF THE EQUIVALENT GREEK SYLLABIC WRITINGS. IT IS TRULY AMAZING TO THINK THAT, IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD OF THE PAST 150 YEARS, THE ALMOST CONTRADICTORY TERM OF “PHOENICIAN ALPHABET” HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED, WHICH, IN REALITY REFERS TO A TYPE OF WRITING THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH AN ALPHABET. IT IS EVEN MORE UNBELIEVABLE TO THINK THAT THE SCIENTIFIC DOGMA THAT GREEK CAME FROM PHOENICIAN HAS BEEN ENFORCED. NOT ONLY THE PHOENICIAN IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAN GREEK LINEAR A AND B.
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=DKCPURQQS2Y
GREEKNESS OF THE ALPHABET
A) ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THE THEORY THAT THE ALPHABET IS A PHOENICIAN DISCOVERY HAS BEEN MAINTAINED THROUGH THE ARGUMENT, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THAT CERTAIN SYMBOLS OF PHOENICIAN WRITING ARE SIMILAR TO THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET. FOR EXAMPLE, THE PHOENICIAN ALEF IS THE REVERSE OR SIDEWAYS GREEK “A.” THIS ARGUMENT WAS A STRONG ONE UNTIL ABOUT 100 YEARS AGO, WHEN LINGUISTS AND HISTORIANS STILL MAINTAINED THAT THE GREEKS DID NOT KNOW HOW TO WRITE BEFORE 800 B. C.! AROUND 1900 A.D., HOWEVER, ARTHUR EVANS EXCAVATED THE GREEK MINOAN CRETE AND DISCOVERED THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS, WHOSE SYMBOLS CORRESPONDED TO 17 OF THE 24 LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET. GIVEN THAT (A), THE MOST ANCIENT EVIDENCE OF THE GREEK SCRIPTS (LINEAR A AND LINEAR B) THAT WERE LATER DISCOVERED IN PYLOS, MYCENAE, MENIDI AND THEBES — BUT ALSO IN MORE NORTHERN AREAS UP TO THE DANUBE RIVER AS WELL — WERE DATED TO BEFORE 1500 B.C. AND (B), THAT THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR WRITINGS APPEAR IN HISTORY NO EARLIER THAN 1300 BC, EVANS WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO EXPRESS DOUBTS ABOUT THE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS RECEIVED THEIR SCRIPT FROM THE PHOENICIANS. HE PUT FORWARD THE SCIENTIFIC SUSPICION THAT IT WAS PROBABLY THE OTHER WAY ROUND. THE DOUBTS PERTAINING AS TO WHO WAS FIRST — THE PHOENICIANS OR THE GREEKS — IN DISCOVERING WRITING, BECAME A CERTAINTY WHEN FRENCH PROFESSOR, PAUL FORE, AN INTERNATIONALLY ACCLAIMED SPECIALIST ON PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY, PUBLISHED A REPORT IN NESTOR (AN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA — 16TH YEAR, 1989, PAGE 2288). IN THIS REPORT, HE SUBMITS AND DECIPHERS PLATES WITH GREEK LINEAR WRITING FOUND AT THE CYCLOPEAN WALL OF PILIKATES, IN ITHACA, DATED, THROUGH THE USE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS, BACK TO 2700 B.C., THE LANGUAGE OF THESE PLATES WAS GREEK, AND THE DECODING BY PROFESSOR FORE RESULTED IN THE FOLLOWING SYLLABIC TEXT, EXPRESSED PHONETICALLY: A]RE-DA-TI. DA-MI-U-A-.A-TE-NA-KA-NA-RE (IJA)-TE. THE PHONETIC EQUIVALENT OF THIS IS TRANSLATED, ALWAYS ACCORDING TO THE PROFESSOR, AS: “ΙΔΟΎ ΤΙ ΕΓΏ Η ΑΡΕΔΆΤΙΣ ΔΊΔΩ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΣΣΑΝ, ΤΗΝ ΘΕΆΝ ΡΈΑΝ: 100 ΑΊΓΑΣ, 10 ΠΡΌΒΑΤΑ, 3 ΧΟΊΡΟΥΣ” [HERE IS WHAT I, AREDATIS, GIVES TO THE QUEEN- GODDESS REA, 100 GOATS, 10 SHEEP, 3 PIGS]. (SEE, “DAVLOS” MAGAZINE, ISSUE 107, NOVEMBER 1990, PAGE 6103). THUS, FORE PROVED THAT THE GREEKS WERE WRITING AND SPEAKING GREEK AT LEAST 1400 YEARS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR SCRIPT IN HISTORY. BUT, THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GREECE DURING THE LAST 15 YEARS HAVE GIVEN US MANY MORE GREAT SURPRISES: THE GREEKS WERE WRITING USING NOT ONLY LINEAR A AND B, BUT ALSO A TYPE OF WRITING IDENTICAL TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET SINCE AT LEAST 6000 B.C. IN FACT, AT DISPILIO, IN THE LAKE OF KASTORIA, IN NORTHERN GREECE, PROFESSOR G. HOUMOUZIADIS DISCOVERED A PLATE WITH WRITING VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET, WHICH WAS DATED, USING RADIOACTIVE CARBON- 14 AND VISUAL PHOTOTHERMAL METHODOLOGY, BACK TO 5250 B.C. (SEE DAVLOS, ISSUE 147). THREE YEARS LATER, N. SAMSON, A CURATOR OF THE PREHISTORIC AND CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES DEPARTMENT, DISCOVERED SHARDS OF VASES (“OSTRAKA”) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE PRESENT GREEK ALPHABET WHILE EXCAVATING AT THE “CYCLOP’S CAVE,” ON THE DESERTED ISLAND OF YIOURA, NEAR THE INHABITED ISLAND OF ALONNISSOS, IN THE NORTHERN SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX. THESE VASES WERE DATED TO5,500 TO 6,000 B.C. WITH THE SAME METHODS (SEE “DAVLOS,” ISSUE 185, MAY 1997). THE SAME ARCHAEOLOGIST, WHILE PERFORMING EXCAVATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF MILOS, DISCOVERED VESSELS OF THE PROTO-CYCLADIC PERIOD (MID-3RD MILLENNIUM B.C.) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS:
“X,” “N,” “M,” “K,” “Ξ” [KSI],”Π” [P], “Ο,” & “Ε.” (SEE N. SAMSON’S INTERVIEW IN DAVLOS,ISSUE 204, DECEMBER 1998, PAGE 12749.)
IT IS APPARENT THAT THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE GIVEN A “COMICAL’ CHARACTER TO THE SO-CALLED “PHOENICIAN THEORY” ON THE DISCOVERY OF WRITING. IN ADDITION, THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED CHRONOLOGICAL DATING OF GREEK HISTORY AS IT IS TAUGHT TODAY, AS WELL AS THE WORLD HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION ITSELF. (SEE ALSO THE BOOK BY CON. KOUTROUVELLI, “RE- ESTABLISHING THE CHRONOLOGY OF PREHISTORIC TIMES BASED PRIMARILY ON ASTRONOMICAL INFORMATION FROM ANCIENT WRITERS,” DAVLOS PUBLISHING, 1999.)
b) The somewhat mathematical proof
While the house-of-cards which provided “proof”‘ of the so-called “Phoenician alphabet” was being torn down by archaeological discoveries, another overwhelming piece of evidence surfaced. This evidence was offered to us by the 20-year long discreet and timid research of the Greek Language and Writing by a great researcher, Elias Tsatsomoiros. Unfortunately E.Tsatsomoiros passed away on December 19th 1991, after having, however, completed his revolutionary work, History of the Genesis of the Greek Language-from the hunter-gatherer to the time of Zeus-the Deciphering of the Greek Alphabet. The undersigned [writer of this article] had the honor of publishing and editing this work (Davlos Publishing, 1991), but also the honor of having worked closely with the researcher for more than a decade. We had long discussions on the numerous problems arising from the research, and we had published a series of articles in Davlos magazine. This memorable researcher proved in a remarkable way that every letter of the Greek alphabet contained a consistent code meaning, which is literally introduced either exactly or metaphorically within the general meaning of the Greek word it belongs to, as a partial meaning. Consequently, every (ancient) Greek word is basically an acronym (similar to D(imosia) E (picheirisi) H(lektrismou) [=ΔΕΗ in Greek, or as U(nited) N(ations), in English], where every letter provides a significant or less significant notional element, and then, they all together provide the logical definition of the meaning expressed bythe word. The “significant difference” of each word’s meaning is usually provided by the firstletter. Obviously, there is not enough space in this article to present the code meaning of the letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole, as they are analyzed in this revolutionary volume of research in the field of human speech. As an example, I will choose only one of the now days 24 letters (orinaly 27) of the Hellenic alphabet, “Ypsilon” = “Y” or, small case, “u” (pronounced, long-e “eepsilon,” the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, and familiar to us as “Y” in the so-called “Latin” alphabet– which is nothing more than a variationof the Greek “Chalcidean” alphabet). Ypsilon, therefore, as its shape indicates, has the code meaning of “a cavity” οr, if reversed, of a “convexity.” This meaning is introduced into the words containing this letter, and sometimes, by extension into the meaning of liquids (which, through their natural flow end up filling the “cavity”). I will quickly mention some of the names of vessels and liquids (such as the amphiconical κ-Υ-πελλο which is dated back to 2700 B.C. and is displayed at the Heraklion Museum). One may add to the words mentioned there, many others, such as kot-Y-li, go-Y-ttos, tr-Y-blion, p-Y-xis, amphore-Y-s, b-Y-tion, l-Y-chnos, procho-Y-s, ske-Y-os, etc, all having the meaning of a curvedobject. Also, some other words such as k-Y-hsis (rounding of the stomach ofan eng-Y-os [pregnant] woman); k-Y-ma (curving on the surface of the ocean); cr-Y-pti (curving of the ground); the preposition [h-Y-po] Y-po (meaning under a certain level); h-Y-per (preposition meaning above acertain level); Y-psos =height; and all of the hundreds of words that have h-Y-po or h-Y-per as a prefix, as well as thousands of others. This discovery, which unfortunately has been officially ignored, is a continuation of the forgotten Platonic approach to the problem of language (see Plato’s Cratylus ).
THE HERODOTUS EXTRACT
ALL THE GREEK WRITERS WHO MENTION THE ALPHABET (THEY CALLED IT “GRAMMATA”) CONSIDER IT A VERY ANCIENT GREEK INVENTION (BY PROMETHEUS, PALAMEDES, LINUS, ETC). THE THEORY OF THE PHOENICIAN ALPHABET WAS ALWAYS, AND IS STILL, BASED ON AN EXCEPTION TO THIS GENERAL RULE. THISEXCEPTION IS AN EXCERPT FROM HERODOTUS, THAT HE HIMSELF PRESENTS AS HIS ‘PERSONAL OPINION’ (“ΩΣ ΕΜΟΙ ΔΟΚΕΕΙ” = “AS IT SEEMS TO ME”). THIS OPINION WAS FORMED BASED ON THE SAYINGS OF OTHERS, AS HE HIMSELF MENTIONS IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS (“ΑΝΑΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ” = TAKING INFORMATION FROM OTHERS). LET US HAVE A LOOK AT THE HERODOTUS’ EXCERPT (HISTORY, E 58): [58. AS FAR AS THE PHOENICIANS, THEY, WHO ARRIVED WITH CADMUS, INCLUDING THE GEFIRAIOI, HAD LIVED IN MANY OTHER PLACES AND INTRODUCED ALSO ARTS (NEW AND UNKNOWN) TO THE GREEKS; IN FACT, AND ALSO (SOME) WRITING, WHICHHAD NOT BEEN KNOWN TO THE GREEKS BEFORE THAT, AS I THINK, FIRST THIS WRITING WHICH WAS USED BY ALL THE PHOENICIANS. WITH THE PASSING OF TIME, HOWEVER, THE PHOENICIANS CHANGED THIS TYPE OF WRITING ALONG WITH THEIR LANGUAGE.]
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT THIS EXCERPT IS THAT IN THE CRITICAL PHRASE “… AMA TIN FONI METEVALLON KAI TON RHITHMON TON GRAMMATON,” IT IS DISCLOSED THAT THE PHOENICIANS-GEFIRAIOI THAT WENT TO VIOTIA WITH CADMUS BROUGHT SOME FORM OF WRITING WITH THEM. BUT, AS THE PHOENICIANS “CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE” (THEY LEARNED GREEK, IN OTHER WORDS), THEY ALSO CHANGED THEIR WRITING (THEY STARTED WRITING, THEREFORE, WITH THE EXISTING ANCIENT GREEK WRITING THAT ALREADY EXISTED IN VIOTIA). ALTHOUGH THIS STATEMENT WAS MADE BY HERODOTUS, THE TRANSLATORS, SUBSEQUENTLY, PROVIDED THE TRANSLATION [MEANING] THAT THE LOCAL GREEK VIOTES AND NOT THE PHOENICIAN EMIGRANTS CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE AND WRITING AND ADOPTED THE PHOENICIAN! THIS GENERALLY INCOHERENT REFERENCE TO THE ALPHABET, AS IT HAS BEEN SAVED, HAS BEEN OBVIOUSLY ALTERED AND MEDDLED WITH, WHO KNOWS BY WHOM AND WHEN. LET US LOOK AT THE SUSPICIOUS CONTINUATION OF THE TEXT, AS IT HAS ARRIVED TO US:
AROUND THEM (THE PHOENICIANS) LIVED AT THAT PLACE DURING THAT YEAR (YEAR OF CADMUS) IONIAN GREEKS, WHO RECEIVED THROUGH CONTACT OR THROUGH TEACHINGS BY THE PHOENICIANS THEIR WRITINGS, CHANGING THEIR OWN WRITING WHICH THEY USED LITTLE. WHEN USING THIS WRITING AND SINCE THIS WRITING HAD BEEN INTRODUCED TO GREECE BY PHOENICIANS, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN.
IONIAN GREEKS LIVING AROUND THE PHOENICIANS RECEIVED THE PHOENICIAN WRITING AND, USING A FEW OF ITS LETTERS, SINCE THEY HAD ALTERED THEM AND SINCE IT WAS JUST, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN-TO PAY TRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE WHO BROUGHT IT TO GREECE, IS A STRIKING CONTRADICTION. CONSEQUENTLY, ONE CAN ASSUME THAT THIS IS A FORGED PARAGRAPH, HYPOTHETICALLY EXPLANATORY, WHICH AIMS TO REDUCE THE PREVIOUS STATEMENT “…AS THEY CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE, THEY CHANGED THEIR WRITING,” TO AN UNIMPORTANT STATEMENT. THIS IS HOW THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS SUBSTANTIATED AND IS MAINTAINED AS AN OBVIOUS FORGERY.
IN ADDITION
THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS ESTABLISHED IN EUROPE DURING A TIME, WHEN, AS THE RENOWNED BRITISH CLASSICAL SCHOLAR, S. G. REMBROKE (THE LEGACY OF GREECE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1984) WROTE, “THE PHOENICIANS WERE GIVEN AN INTERMEDIARY ROLE “THAT IS NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL INFORMATION”. A ROLE, IN OTHER WORDS, OF THE TRANSPORTER OF WISDOM AND CIVILIZATION FROM THE “CHOSEN” PEOPLE OF ISRAEL TO THE “UNCIVILIZED” NATIONS, AND SPECIFICALLY THE GREEKS. THIS, OF COURSE, COULD BE FORGIVEN, SINCE THIS WAS ESTABLISHED AROUND THE END OF THE MEDIEVAL AGES, WHEN RELIGIOUS FANATICISM AND BACKWARDNESS HAD REACHED SUCH A POINT THAT THE DAUGHTER OF AGAMEMNON, IPHIGENIA, IS PRESENTED AS THE DAUGHTER OF IEPHTHA; DEUKALION IS PRESENTED (CENTURIES LATER & COPIED & TWISTED,..AS…”NOAH”(!!)???!!!. APPIS IS A CONSUL OF JOSEPH? APOLLO, PRIAMOS, TIRESIAS, AND ORPHEUS: OF MOSES?… THE STORY OF THE OF THE ISRAELITES FROM EGYPT TO PALESTINE, AND OTHER SIMILAR DISTORTIONS IS A VERY BAD & TWISTED COPPY OF THE ARGONAUTS IS THE CROSSING. THE ABOVE ARE NOTED BY REMBROKE.
AND WE CONCLUDE: AT THE TIME, HELLENISM WAS IN COMATOSE SPIRITUAL CONDITION REGARDING NATIONAL AND HISTORICAL AWARENESS, AND THEREFORE TOTALLY UNABLE TO DEFEND ITS HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION, AND FOR THIS REASON COULD NOT REACT AND DID NOT REACT. TODAY, IT IS WITH OURTOLERANCE THAT OUR LANGUAGE IS DEEMED “INDO-EUROPEAN,” AND OUR WRITING “PHOENICIAN,” OUR ATHENA AND OUR SOCRATES ARE PRESENTED AS “BLACKS,” AND OUR CIVILIZATION AS “AFRICAN.” WHAT SPIRITUAL SITUATION ARE WE IN NOW? [I.E., WHAT’S OUR EXCUSE THIS TIME?]
NOTES: ON PAGE 13745 OF THIS ARTICLE, IS A PICTURE OF A PIECE OF SHARD [POTTERY] DATED TO 6,000 B.C., FOUND ON THE ISLET OF YOURA OF THE NORTH SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX WITH GREEK ALPHABETICAL WRITINGS. ONE CAN SEE THE LETTERS “A,” “Y,” & “D” [ALPHA, EEPSILON, AND DELTA ], ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS OF THE CLASSICAL ALPHABETS. THIS FINDING PROVES THAT THE GREEK ALPHABET IS OLDER THAN THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS. THIS FINDING ALSO COMPLETELY AND DEFINITELY DISPROVES THE FALSE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS GOT THEIR ALPHABET FROM THE PHOENICIANS, WHO MADE THEIR HISTORICAL APPEARANCE AROUND 1300 B.C., IN OTHER WORDS ABOUT 4,500 TO 5,000 YEARS AFTER THE CREATION OF THIS PLAQUE AT YOURA. ON PAGE 13747 ARE SHOWN LETTER-SYMBOLS FROM THE PROTO-CYCLADIC VESSELS OF MILOS (MID-THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.). ONE CAN DISTINGUISH THE [LETTER] “X” [CHI] TO THE LEFT AND THE [LETTER] “N” TO THE RIGHT. THESE LETTERS ARE WRITTEN JUST AS THE LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET ARE WRITTEN TODAY.
THE SPEECH AND CLEAR CONFESSION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT(ALEXANDROS O MEGAS) TO BOTH ATHENIANS AND PERSIANS.
-Had I not greatly at heart the Common welfare of Greece I should not have come to tell you; but I am myself Greek by descent, (“te gar Hellên genos eimi tôrchaion“) and I would not willingly see Greece exchange freedom for slavery. …If you prosper in this war, forget not to do something for my freedom; consider the risk I have run, out of zeal for the Greek Cause,….I am Alexander of Macedon‘
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander the First was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably
FIRSTLY WE INTEND TO EXAMINE THE ANCIENT EVIDENCE ON THE WAY THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS WERE DEFINING THEMSELVES IN REFERENCE TO THEIR OWN IDENTITY. CONCERNING THEIR OWN BELIEFS ABOUT THEMSELVES WE SHALL REVIEW THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMING FROM THE ANCIENT SOURCES, BOTH LITERARY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL. A. THE LITERARY EVIDENCE THE FIRST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMES FROM THE MACEDONIAN KING ALEXANDER DURING HIS SPEECH TO ATHENEANS. ESSENTIALLY WE HAVE A CLEAR CONFESSION THAT ALEXANDER CONSIDERS HIMSELF A GREEK. -HAD I NOT GREATLY AT HEART THE COMMON WELFARE OF GREECE I SHOULD NOT HAVE COME TO TELL YOU; BUT I AM MYSELF GREEK BY DESCENT, (“TE GAR HELLÊN GENOS EIMI TÔRCHAION“) AND I WOULD NOT WILLINGLY SEE GREECE EXCHANGE FREEDOM FOR SLAVERY. …IF YOU PROSPER IN THIS WAR, FORGET NOT TO DO SOMETHING FOR MY FREEDOM; CONSIDER THE RISK I HAVE RUN, OUT OF ZEAL FOR THE GREEK CAUSE,….I AM ALEXANDER OF MACEDON‘1
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander I was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably… “
What the word EUROPE means?
..THEN one knows..What the word ΕΥΡΩΠΗ (EUROPE) means!!! ..Here: Europa being abducted by Zeus disguised as a bull, detail from an Attic (Attica was – & still is the county of Athens) krater(, 5th century; in the Tarquinia National MuseumFrom the (ΛΕΞΙΣ)-LEΞΙΣ(=Word) ops(ωψ)……comes the unknown maybe complex ευρωπός (Europe = WIDE+ViIEW), but also well-known to us bottleneck (στενωπός – steno+opos = the narrow passage), and: πρόσωπον–prosopon(= person), ενώπιον – enopion= before etc.
After all this opens the way to and from … Europe, as an element of beauty, which etymologically is only the female of “euryopa” we saw in the beginning.
THE ISOLATED WORD IS “ΕΥΡΎΟΠΑ” – “EVRYOPA” MEANING ONE WHO HAS WIDE EYES, WITH WHOM SUPERVISE EVERYTHING, THAT PERFORM AS THE “PANTEPOPTES”(=TOTAL CONTROLERS)..
In our mind now comes the Kyklop(s)-Κύκλωψ (κύκλος+ωψ) – kyclos=circle + ops) = one who has a round eye.Ex: Optic etc.
And that in turn reminds us of the Modern Hellenic the Word: presviops – From: πρέσβυς =(=γέρον=geron=elder, as geriatric ) + ωψ-ops [=sight, up vision)] = one who suffers from (πρεσβυωπία)-presbyopia, ie. By inability to clearly distinguish near objects, which is common in the elderly, and the SA (Ancient) myopic (who constricts eyelids to public).The surprises continue as it is clear from the myo (= close lips) produced another series of words, such as the little-known myzo (= drink with closed lips, suck, suck), which we find among others, Xenophon (Snooze . 4,5,27):
THE ABOVE SCIENCES ARE INTERRELATED WITH THE ANCIENT HELLENIC LANGUAGE AND ARE INTO EACH ANOTHER LIKE RUSSIAN BAMPOUSKES. COMBINE ALPHABET ENCLOSING NUMBERS AND MUSICAL TONES WITH THESE 4 DISCIPLINES.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2.THE PYTHAGORAS HEARD THE HARMONY (MUSIC) OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERES THUS SPEAK A LANGUAGE THAT HAS TO DO WITH THE FLOW OF THE UNIVERSE.
THE ENORMOUS IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC FOR THE PYTHAGOREANS
<<<<<<<<PYTHAGORAS AND MUSIC>>>>>>>
So it said that Pythagoras, and practice once, with the help spondiakou State played a piper, extinguished the rage of an intoxicated young Tafromenitou, who during the night attacked with loud voices against his mistress at the door of his rival by drawing to set fire to the house. And so, being in a tizzy and he is steady due to the Phrygian melody lumen. This passion has rapidly healed Pythagoras, who happened at that moment, at an inappropriate time, to deal with the laws governing the stars. Then said the piper to turn the Phrygian melody spondaic, with which the young man, having calmed down, returned immediately and decency in his house, and just now not only tolerated by Pythagoras or admonition, but with fury and insults He had refused to meet him.
Ancient Greek Language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The Ancient Greek language is a mathematical masterpiece that will try to approach
Written text 7270 YEARS THAT FOUND IN KASTORIA overturns ALL!
GREEKS discover ALPHABET
Once again is the Phoenician Deception Revealed!
The MYTH about the … “Phoenician … Alphabet” !!! The first written text in Europe – In 1998 Professor. G.. Hourmouziadis said the publication of the text is impossible!
It is evident that any official publication would upset the entire history of discovery on scene of writing, imprinting the articulate voice of man with letters (and not ideograms) and even in the territory of Greece, in the territory of Europe.
It overturned ie the theory that the Greeks were they, light from the east (from Babylonian, Sumerian, palm trees, etc. !!) And we had to fill the big gap of four thousand years, ie when the Eastern peoples expressed by ideograms The Greeks wrote with syllables as today. It is obvious that indicates early stage thought and culture.
According to today’s theory – taught in Greek schools – the Greeks learned writing around 800 BC “by the …..Phoenicians”(!!).
What they can NOT explain to us how the Ancient Greek language may have 800,000 entries, first language on the planet, when the next has 250,000 entries.
How can the Homeric epics were written around 800 BC ie when they learned to write Greek?
Suddenly encountered the ancient Greeks on the historical scene in the 8th century BC, with the language of hundreds of thousands of entries, which is required to create linguistic prehistory least 10,000 years (according to official American linguistic exposure).
The English language is 1,600 years old and has 48% Greek words with a total of 240,000 entries. The German is 1,700 years old and has 250,000 entries with Greek words 46%.
What troubles the historians, or because they were not lost in the dust of history and the Greeks as the Canaanites, the Sumerians, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, etc .;
The oldest organized written text found in the land of Europe and dates from before 7254 years (!) Today revealed the lake of Kastoria.
It is a wooden plaque engraved with an unknown message from a Neolithic fisherman or dealer limniaiou prehistoric settlement in dispilio, written two thousand years before the written findings of the Sumerians and four thousand years before cretomycenean clay tablets of linear writing. The shocking announcement made yesterday during the archaeological conference for this year’s excavation work in Northern Greece Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Mr. George Hourmouziadis, the document revealed during excavation last summer.
The wooden sign with the inscription dated accurately by the method of carbon-14 in the “Democritus” in 5260 (!) BC, at the end of the Middle Neolithic period.
Mr. Hourmouziadis scientific arguments concluded that the engravings of the inscription, which is organized into verses should not be decorative, but “letters” that can be integrated into the palaioeuropean system. Linear B tablets from Pylos. Used by Ventris to decipher language as Greek. 13th century BC
Tip: Astronomy = astir + Law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern weometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms. Tip 2: Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres So to speak the Ancient Greek language that has to do with the flow of the universe. It`s is the only language, that can be used for H / Y due mathimatica and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=Position: Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc if now these words to translate in English are totally unrelated.
That is not the Alphabet to be copied from somewhere else seen from that in the year 900 before the beginning of the Christian dating, Homer already available to the 6.5 million primary words (present tense and first person singular) that if the multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born. IF we compare now eg the English language has 80,000 words, of which 80% are Greek as we inform the University of Wales, and measure that this sterile language evolves 1000 years, we effortlessly draw the conclusion that Homer receives a language which has a depth in time 100,000 years ago, 500,000 years ago? Who knows… But the ultimate proof is mathimatikotita itself of which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that Creation uses mathematics, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1). Also the same mathematics have not been anywhere else as you read the following article by clicking HERE But before the “crypt” is the “means”, ie the connection of words with meanings. We said earlier that foreign dialects defined by agreement, ie some agreed that the subject of so and so will call it “X”, which makes the languages sterile, so they can give birth to new words, so there mathimatikotita therefore can not describe new concepts that exist in nature, resulting in the brain where it can not describe through new words new meanings remain in the dark, so the neurons of the brain does not generate new as opposed to those who use the Greek. How could eg the English or the French or the X, Y with a word that has 10 concepts to describe accurately and therefore clearly a deeper meaning? Especially the multiple aspects of this? Can not. Here’s why it all started here. It means then is the connection between the mark and the signified, that the word itself is created in a way that describes the meaning esokleinei inside. Example: the naming of the word curry (Walnut) comes from an observation of nature (as all words), ie when two horned animals (Rams, goats etc.) tra.kar.oun with their ker.ata hear the “crack” or “fem”, the sound he gave the name “horn” (horn) the horn gave the name hold or skull (head) and the nicknames of this curry (small head). Curry (nut) looks amazing to the human head and the interior of the brain. Y is the root of the verb YO (rain) where Y is concavity (or convexity) that mates something, rain (water element) enters (nest) into the earth. The musical – numeric alphabet creates musical – mathematical words that describe relevant concepts, which are derived from observation of nature ie of Creation, but the question is how many millennia may be needed to create this perfect mathematical complex letters are numbers and yet musical tones and words that all the numbers and music tones hide inside Except for complex musical harmonies, concepts which are not random at all but after extensive observation of nature? Let’s analyze grammatically the word ΕΡΩΣ (“EROS”=”LOVE”) Ε= Εκπορευόμενη Δύναμις (του φωτός) = emanating Force (light) Ρ= Ροή πρωτίστως Φωτοενεργειών, = flow primarity Photoenergy Ω= Ο πλανήτης – γήινο πεδίο The planet = The Earth Field Σ= Το εσωτερικόν θεώμενον = The inner being viewed
The word ΕΡΩΣ – EROS O + S is the flow of the power of light (life-knowledge) from the universe to the earthly plane and into the depths of ourselves. In Hesiod’s Theogony the update is one of the three authorities (Chaos, Gaia, Eros). Light encloses the knowledge, life, beauty, beauty, serenity, happiness, goodness, love, harmony, etc ..
Eros is not only that which exists between a man and a woman if CHAOS EROS GAIA preexisting human. EROS between the universe to the earth, harmony of nature eg rain and vegetation, even in combination with the human element, eg a man and a beautiful evening sunset or generally anything that offers harmony and therefore bliss. One aspect of Eros is also the harmony between man and woman which yields the holy genesis. The harmony stems from the duality of 0/1, Masculine (1) and the Feminine (c). The 0/0 or 1/1 not create because it is cosmic disharmony. The word then “Eros” means nothing aphrodisiac (sexual) but a higher spiritual state, do not forget that the word priest comes from there. Arguably, therefore our Antisthenes recalls “PRINCIPLE OF WISDOM The NAMES EPISKEPSIS”.
The Greek alphabet became the basis for the creation of the Latin alphabet. Indeed, the Latin alphabet comes from the Etruscan alphabet which in turn, and in line with the prevailing view today, based on the Greek.
The development of the alphabet The Alexandrian grammar classifying sixteen letters in the first Greek alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R the S, T and Y. Later followed the I, P and X. By adding the letters G, O, D, H and Z was born the Ionic alphabet. In ancient Greek inscriptions found three variants of the alphabet: the Aeolian or Dorian, the Attic and Ionic.
The wind and the Doric alphabet is found in inscriptions of Thera, Milos, Peloponnese, Boeotia and Great Greece, in Sicily and Southern Italy. The Attic alphabet (the Attic letters) we find the inscriptions in Attica before the era of Euclid (402 BC). The Ionic alphabet is found in inscriptions in Ionian Sea and in Asia Minor.
Other uses The letters of the Greek alphabet used in Greek numerals. The Greek alphabet is widely used as a symbol tank for use in science or as internationally agreed symbols (eg: π=3,14) or for any suitable use. Like the Latin alphabet, the Greek used for the count (especially when you are interested in our series), eg All 24 rhapsodies of Odyssey numbered with small letters of the alphabet, while the Iliad to uppercase. Particularly in Astronomy the Greek alphabet used to count the stars, ie alpha Centauri is the brightest star of the constellation Centaurus, while Omega is the 24th in brightness. After the end of Greek letters follow Latin and then followed by Arabic numerals.
Visit the: www.the phoenician deception
Xenophon Zolotas
Prof. Xenophon Zolotas is a well-known Greek economist. The speeches that follows were given to a foreign audience, at the closing session of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, on September 26, 1957 and on October 2, 1959. Prof. Zolotas held the positions of the Governor of the bank of Greece and the Governor of the Funds for Greece, at that time.
“I always wished to address this Assembly in Greek, but I realized that it would have been indeed Greek to all present in this room. I found out, however, that I could make my address in Greek which would still be English to everybody. With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I shall do it now, using with the exception of articles and prepositions only Greek words.”
First speech
“Kyrie(=Lord),
I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and catastrophe.
In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a democratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.”
Second speech
“Kyrie,
It is Zeus’ anathema on our epoch for the dynamism of our economies and the heresy of our economic methods and policies that we should agonise between the Scylla of numismatic plethora and the Charybdis of economic anaemia.
It is not my idiosyncrasy to be ironic or sarcastic but my diagnosis would be that politicians are rather cryptoplethorists. Although they emphatically stigmatize numismatic plethora, energize it through their tactics and practices.
Our policies have to be based more on economic and less on political criteria.
Our gnomon has to be a metron between political, strategic and philanthropic scopes. Political magic has always been antieconomic.
In an epoch characterised by monopolies, oligopolies, menopsonies, monopolistic antagonism and polymorphous inelasticities, our policies have to be more orthological. But this should not be metamorphosed into plethorophobia which is endemic among academic economists.
Numismatic symmetry should not antagonize economic acme.
A greater harmonization between the practices of the economic and numismatic archons is basic.
Parallel to this, we have to synchronize and harmonize more and more our economic and numismatic policies panethnically.
These scopes are more practical now, when the prognostics of the political and economic barometer are halcyonic.
The history of our didymous organisations in this sphere has been didactic and their gnostic practices will always be a tonic to the polyonymous and idiomorphous ethnical economics. The genesis of the programmed organisations will dynamize these policies. I sympathise, therefore, with the aposties and the hierarchy of our organisations in their zeal to programme orthodox economic and numismatic policies, although I have some logomachy with them.
I apologize for having tyrannized you with my hellenic phraseology.
In my epilogue, I emphasize my eulogy to the philoxenous autochthons of this cosmopolitan metropolis and my encomium to you, Kyrie, and the stenographers.”
Mr Xenophon Zolotas
ETYMOLOGY OF SOME ANCIENT GREEK NAMES.
The word “Macedonia” is of Greek origin. The etymology is: The resident of the ancient area “Makednon” in ancient Greek called “Makednos” (eg, see. Herodotus’ Histories, Book 1, §56: «Makednon kaleomenon”). The root “Mak-” comes from “makos”, the Doric type Atticus “length” (which is the modern Greek word). In short, the “Makednos” meant “tall man”. In the new Greek the word “long”. The same root is the source of the English prefix “macro-“, which identifies several words to mean long (macro; biotic, macro instruction;) or large (macro; cosm, macro; molecule).
The name Alexander (“the Great”) is also of Greek origin. The “Alexander”, consists of two parts in Greek: the “alex-” is a prefix meaning “protector” so we have modern Greek words “bulletproof (protects from bullets),” lightning rod “(protects from lightning), and” parachute “(protect from falling) . and “Andreas” is the general word “man.” Homer Odyssey begins as follows: “Man ennepe muse Polytropon me …” etc. In English the root “andro-” passed in words like “androgynous”, “android”, “Andrew”, and a few more.
Briefly, the “Alexander” means “protector of men”
But any other known ancient Macedonian name is also Greek origin! For example, take the name of Philip, Alexander’s father, started the expansion of the ancient Macedonian nation. And this is Greek. In Greek consists of two parts: The prefix “pro” meaning “one who likes” or “having a friendly relationship with.” This root passed into English words such as “philosophy”, “philanthropy”, and even in “Philadelphia” and “Philippines”.
And the suffix “-ippos” ie. “Horse”. This root passed into Latin as “hippo-” (the initial h is the performance of the pronunciation of the Greek CSCE), and from there into English words such as “hippopotamus” (hippopotamus; literally “river horse”) and “hippocampus” (hippocampus).
Briefly, “Philip” means “friend of horses” PHILIP From the Greek name Philip (Philippos) which means “friend of horses”, composed of the elements friend (philos) “friend” and horse (hippos) “horse”(Ex. Hipppodrome, Hippocrate etc.). This was the name of five kings of Macedon, including Philip II the father of Alexander the Great. The name appears in the New Testament belonging to two people who are regarded as saints. First, one of the twelve apostles, and second, an early figure in the Christian church known as Philip the Deacon.
ALEXANDER Latinized form of the Greek name Alexander (Alexandros), which meant “defending men” from Greek Alexis (alexo+andros=of the man:genetivus of aner) “to defend, help” and man (aner-(ἀνήρ`= man)) “andros” (-“ander” in Latin much later). In Greek mythology this was another name of the hero Paris, and it also belongs to several characters in the New Testament. However, the most famous bearer was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. In the 4th century BC he built a huge empire out of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India. There he spred with the MOST civilized manners the Greek Civilization & Culture.
He was Highily educated in Philosophy, Astronomy, Music & Martial strategic tactics(the latest from his father). Due to his fame, and later medieval tales involving him, use of his name spread throughout Europe. AMYNTAS Derived from Greek amyntor (amyntor) meaning “defender”. This was the name of several kings of Macedon.
Agathosthenis <good courage + = good (on actions and intellect) + power = the person holding power to think and to do good. Agoraklis <purchase + market + = glory = glory he has fame in the market Agorakritos <= purchase about judgment: he judged from the market Athanasios <a (withdrawal) + at death – death = immortal (gilts. Immortality, Euthanasia etc;) Athena Atheonoa = <a (superlative) + + God = mind that from the supreme mind (the goddess Athena, xepidise from the head of Zeus). The original name was Athena and is Pelasgic origin Catherine <del + = always clean cleared Alexander <Alexia + man (b. The man) = defender, protector men (gilts. Alexandra)
Its complicated by p. Alexis’ spurn – protect “; + a man, so Alexandros originally meant” one who protects the people. ” Somehow many associate some verb Alexis to remove, giving Alexandros the importance of “he who repels men ‘. The importance of this verb is “protect” and we find eg in ancient anthroponymia Aleximvrotos (from vrotos) and Alexinor (ἀνήρ`=the man) which mean “the protector of mortals.” Note that as they have shown great linguists, the name Alexandros is ancient, as already answered in Mycenaean Greek.
Amaryllis = The Shining(from: Amarysso-αμαρυσσω=shine, radiate Amphiaraos <amfo + ara + st (suffix) = one who mitigates the curse – misfortune
Amphibios(Amphi+Bios=life) Anargyros <a (withdrawal) + silver (money) = a nonprofit (gilts. ANARGYRON) Anastasios <at + stasis = the reborn, the eternal (gilts. Anastasia) Andreas <man (b. Man) = the brave, real man, brave warrior Andromache <man (b. The man) + fight = the fighting men (ie. The great and fearless warrior) (gilts. Andromache) Andronikos <man (b. The man) win + = one who conquers men (gilts. Andro+niki) Antigonus <+ instead gignomai (born) = the worthy with generator father (gilts. Antigone) Apollo <a (superlative) + + pole las (light bulbs – they lampsis) = one who shines everywhere. According to others: a (withdrawal) many + = one who does not belong to the many Virtue <a (withdrawal) + = risis unparalleled, perfect, unique Aristarchus <archo excellent + = one who initiates (heads) of optimum Aristides <+ excellent OPD (vague: I saw) = the best on the face, the very good looking Aristomachos <excellent + = the battle honors fighting (gilts. Aristomachos) Aristonicus <+ excellent victory = one who manages the perfect victory (gilts. Aristonicus) Aristotle <+ excellent end (purpose) = the perfectionist, one who intends to excellent Aristophanes <+ excellent Fimios (say, trumpets, spread word) = one who speaks excellent Artemis <air + = intersect that cuts – crosses the air Archimedes <start + midomai (meditate) = the ruler of thought Aspasia <= female kissing the arch. adjective aspasios = happy, happy (male. Aspasios) Venus <foam + dito (= emerge) = emerging from the foam (sea) Basil <vasielefs = one who belongs to the king (gilts. Basel) Speedwell (Veronica) <from the ancient Macedonian name Fereniki> fetch = + victory that brings victory George <Ca + work = the cultivator of the land, he produced work in the land, the farmer (gilts. Georgia) Glafkonomi <Owl (or glaucous) + Act = brilliant – wise law Gregory <= quickly awake, sleepless revved Damocles <township glory + = the doxazomenos by the municipality (people), the popular Damofili <township friend + = girlfriend municipality (people), that he loves his people Despina <= overtop dominant, lady Demaratus <township + weigh (= heave) = one who elevates (morally) the municipality (population) Dimaretis <+ municipality virtue (> a + risis) = one who (with his deeds) benefit the municipality (people) (gilts. Dimareti) Dimitra <da (Doric formula of “land” is a variant of “ca”) + mother = mother earth Dimitrios = the dedicated to the goddess Demeter Democritus <township judgment: + = one who is from the municipality (population) Dimoniki <township + win = win municipality (population) Demosthenes <township vigor + = one who gives strength to the municipality (population) Dimostratos <+ troop municipality = one who is called the municipality (population) Popular (see. Damofili) Diagoras <Zeus (b. Zeus) + plead one running a speech by the power of Zeus Dikaiarchou <archo righteous + = one who is righteous ruler Dikaioklis <righteous glory + = one who glorifies the law Dikaiopolis <righteous + polis = the righteous citizen Diogenes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the maiden originating from Jupiter Diocles <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the glory glorifies Jupiter Diomedes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + midomai (think =) = the thinking to the will of Zeus Dionysus <Zeus (born of Zeus) + = the mind come from the mind of Zeus Peace = eiro (hook) Helen <elon (B vague weigh = destroy) + nafs (ISO. The NDI = ship) = one for which ships destroyed Eleftherios <El (name of the Olympians) + ef + summer = one who with his coming will mean better and offered to the gods, in another interpretation:> Elefsis (> el + fair + quake – move) + courage = he who with courage and strength of the gods move everything in a good way Hermes <EPDM (= ratio) = one who takes the floor Hermogenes <Hermes (b. Hermes) + = the maiden originating from Mercury genus Home <through + God = one rushes in (home) Evangelia <ef + ad = good news, good news Evangelos <ef = + angel messenger who brings good news Eyboulos <+ ef parliament (House) = having the benevolent desire Eunomia <ef Law + = one who defines good laws (gilts. Eunomia) Eupolis <+ fair city = good citizen Evridiki <= range + righteous one possessed of great justice (male. Eurydice) Eurycleia <width + = glory that has great glory (male. Evryklis) Eurynome <= range + Law that knows many laws (male. Eurynome) Happiness <+ fair chance that has good luck (male. Eftychios) Zafirios <sapphire (sapphire) = precious (gilts. Zafiria) Zeus <Zeo (= life-giving) + ef = the provider good life Zenobia <Jean (Dorian type of Zeus = Jupiter) + life = that lives thanks to Jupiter Hegesistratos <lead + = army that led the army (male. Igistratos) Ira <day (idiom of the word “earth – earth”). In others, an anagram of the word “air” Herophilus <Ira + = girlfriend that loves Hera Heron <Ira + s = he who belongs to Hera Hephaestus <the (increase thanks euphony) + F (Achaean type “to” = light) + istimi (= possess good) = one who is well aware of the fire Theodore <god + gift = one who is a gift from God Thersites <Tarshish = one who is impudent Thrasivoulos <Tarshish + desire = the one who has tharreti (up supercilious) desire Jason <= Iasis therapist Hipparchus <= horse + archo he led the horses Hippodameia <horse + SAMe-oh = one tames horses Hippocrates <horse + territory-oh = those who control horses Hippolyte <= horse + unfasten that releases the horses (male. Hippolytus) Isocrates <= equal + I hold he kept equidistant – equality Calliope <beauty + hole (= hole mouth in a sense) = the sweet-voiced Kleovoulos <glory + House = he who wants glory Kleogenis <glory + = genus-derived glorified genus Kosmas <comely = he who is kind and kalotropos Laodice <people + trial = trial people Laomideia <+ people = midomai the thought of people Leonidas <lion + = he himself like the lion Lysistrata <unfasten (future. Solve) + = army that dissolves the army Maria <glitter (= lighten) = one sparkles [-> Mary (S48 Iliad, Odyssey l326) -> Maria (exevraismos the Greek name)] (male. Marios) Mede <= midomai the thinking (gilts. Midia) Nikareti <= victory + virtue that beats with virtue (male. Nikaretos) Nikiforos <victory fetch = + he made wins Nikolaos <win + people = one who gives victory to the people (female does not exist in ancient Greek. The new Greek is Nicoletta, epanellinismos the Frankish Nikolette) Xenokratis <stranger hold + = one who keeps (away) foreign Xenophanes <stranger fainymi + = one who resembles foreign Odefssefs <betake + = essomai those found in the street, the Wandering Homer <OMMA + APD = he who loses his eye, the blind Orestes <term stand + = one who is on the mountain, the man of the mountain, the Hillbilly Periandros <+ on man (b. The man) = one who is above the other men Pericles <+ on = the glory yperdoxos, the amply Peter <= the stone stable, the steadfast Penelope <pini (thread) + lepo (unfold) = the weaver Plato <width + s (= existing) = one who is broad (The philosopher Plato took this name because she had broad chest and forehead. Originally his name was Aristocles. Pleistonikis <pleistos (superlative of “long”) + win = one who has many victories, the POLYNIKI Poliarchos <city archo + = one who initiates the town Poseidon <potos (= river) + yielding one running gives rivers Prodikos <pre trial + = the chief justice Protagoras <first market + = one who is first in the market (ie. In common) Pythagoras <Pytho (= update -> Pytheas) market + = one who informs the market Sophia <= wisdom, erudition, profound knowledge Sophocles <wise glory + = glorious for its wisdom Spyridon <spyris (b. Spyridon = psarokofino) = one who makes baskets for fish Stratoklis <military glory + = the glorious soldier Stylianos <column = constant as the column, that one can rely on it (gilts. Styliani) Socrates <wise + keep one running observes wisely Sotirios <= savior savior Telemachus <tele battle + = one who gives battles from afar Phaedra <= blithe cheerful Filareti <friend + = virtue that loves virtue (male. Filaret) Philip <horse friend + = one who loves horses Philodemus <township friend + = one who loves the municipality (population) Philostratus <army friend + = one who loves the army Chariklia <thanks + = the famous glory for the sake of ANTIGONUS From the Greek Antigonus (Antigonos) which meant “against the ancestor”, from anti (anti) “against” and parent (goneus) “ancestor”. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals. After Alexander died, he took control of most of Asia Minor. ARCHELAUS Latinized form of the Greek name Archelaos (Archelaos), which meant “master of the people” from Aarhus (archos) “master” and Laos (laos) “people”. This was the name of a son of Herod the Great. He ruled over Judea, Samaria and Idumea. ARISTOTLE From the Greek name Aristotle (Aristoteles) which meant “the best purpose”, derived from excellent (aristos) “best” and the end (telos) “purpose, aim”. This was the name of a Greek philosopher of the 4th century BC who made lasting contributions to Western thought, including the fields of logic, metaphysics, ethics and biology. KLEITOS Means “splendid, famous” in Greek. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals.
CLEOPATRA FROM THE GREEK NAME CLEOPATRA (KLEOPATRA) WHICH MEANT “GLORY OF THE FATHER”, DERIVED FROM GLORY (KLEOS) “GLORY” COMBINED WITH FATHER (PATROS) “OF THE FATHER”. THIS WAS THE NAME OF QUEENS OF EGYPT FROM THE PTOLEMAIC ROYAL FAMILY, INCLUDING CLEOPATRA VII, THE MISTRESS OF BOTH JULIUS CAESAR AND MARK ANTONY. AFTER BEING DEFEATED BY AUGUSTUS SHE COMMITTED SUICIDE BY ALLOWING HERSELF TO BE BITTEN BY AN ASP. SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY ‘ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA’ (1606) IS BASED ON HER.
THE MACEDONIAN NAME PERDIKKAS OBVIUSLY MEANS “FAMOUSLY JUST” [CA (T) – + RIGHTEOUS], BUT TO ACCEPT IT WE MUST “PROVE” SOMEHOW THE DOUBLING OF THE LETTER “K” IN THE THEME “TRIAL”, MEANING “JUSTICE”.
HELLENIC QUEST CALLED AN E-LEARNING PROGRAM THAT GREEK AS CNN BEGAN DISTRIBUTING WORLDWIDE AND INTENDED INITIALLY FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS AND SPANISH SPEAKERS. THE TEACHING METHOD IS TO VIEW INFORMATION ON THE SCREEN OF THE / Y WHILE SOUND AND MOVING IMAGE TRANSMISSION.
CNN, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY PREPARED A GREEK EASY TUTORIAL AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING US HISPANICS. THE RATIONALE BEHIND THIS INITIATIVE WAS THAT THE GREEK INTENSIFIES RATIONAL SPIRIT, SCRAPES ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENCOURAGES CITIZENS TO CREATIVITY. THE PROGRAM IS PRODUCED BY THE LARGE CORPORATION THE H / Y APPLE, O CHAIRMAN OF WHICH JOHN SCULLY SAID: WE DECIDED TO PUSH THE GREEK TUTORIAL, BECAUSE OUR SOCIETY NEEDS A TOOL THAT WILL ALLOW TODISCOVER SO FAR. IN OTHER WORDS, THIS IS A MANIFESTATION OF THE TENDENCY TO RETURN TO THE SPIRIT WORLD CULTURE AND LANGUAGE OF THE ANCENT GREEKS. ANOTHER RELATED EVENT: THE ENGLISH BUSINESSMEN MOTIVATE SENIOR EXECUTIVES TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN A SPECIAL MEANING FOR THE AREAS OF ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT COMPANIES. IN THIS CONCLUSION ALREADY LED AFTER BRITISH SPECIAL FINDINGS THAT THE GREEK LANGUAGE REINFORCES THE LOGIC AND STIMULATES LEADERSHIP ABILITIES. SO IT HAS GREAT VALUE, NOT ONLY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO IN ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ..
THESE PROPERTIES OF GREEK LED THE CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY IRMAIN TAKE THE HOARDING OF WEALTH … HEAD OF PROGRAM PLACED THE LINGUIST –ELLINISTRIA- MAC NTONALI AND TEACHERS E BRUNNER AND PAKARI. IN THE H/ Y IMYKO WERE EVALUATED 6 MILLION VERBAL FORMULAS OF THE ANCIENT GREEK O LANGUAGE WHEN ENGLISH HAS A TOTAL OF 490,000 WORDS AND 300 … 000 TECHNICAL TERMS, IE AS A LANGUAGE IS ONLY 1/100 OF OUR OWN. IN IMYKO CATEGORIZED 8,000 4,000 ANCIENT GREEK WRITINGS AND THE WORK CONTINUES. TALKING ABOUT IT PROFESSOR BRUNNER SAID: ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR THE HOARDING OF WORDS OF GREEK RESPOND: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS. AND OUR CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE THE HELLENIQUE=GREEK) CULTURE. THE PROMOTERS OF THE PROGRAM ESTIMATE THAT THE GREEK VERBAL TYPES WILL REACH THE 90 MILLION, COMPARED WITH NINE MILLION LATIN. INTEREST IN THE GREEK RESULTED FROM THE RECORDING OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENTISTS THAT THE H / PC ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPT AS SIGN LANGUAGE ONLY THE GREEK.
ALL OTHER LANGUAGES FEATURED SEMANTIC. SIGN LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH THE SIGNIFIER, THAT IS THE WORD, AND THE SIGNIFIED, THAT IS, THE WORD EXPRESSES (THING, IDEA, STATE), HAVE AMONG THEIR PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP. WHILE SEMANTIC IS THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH ARBITRARILY DEFINED THAT AMERICAN THING (SIGNIFIED) MEANT BY AM (SIGNIFIER). IN OTHER WORDS, THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE ONLY LANGUAGE WHOSE WORDS HAVE PRIMOGENITURE, WHILE IN ALL OTHER, WORDS ARE SYMMATIKES MEAN, THAT IS SOMETHING, JUST BECAUSE IT ‘AGREED’ AMONG THOSE WHO USE IT. ALL OF THE WORDS IN GREEK MEANS EG THE WORD ENTHUSIASM = EN+THEO – ΕΝ-ΘΕΏ (=IN-GOD) GEOMETRY = EARTH + COUNT – ΓAIA +ΜΕΤΡΏ – GAI+METRO
ANTHROPOS(=MAN = THE INARTICULATE (THE ARTICULATED REASON)(ΆΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ = Ο ΆΝΑΡΘΡΩΝ (Ο ΑΡΘΡΏΝΩΝ ΛΌΓΟ).. WE SAY CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORD-THING, WHICH IS NONEXISTENT IN OTHER LANGUAGES.
THE MOST PERFECT IMYKOS PROGRAMS KNOWLEDGE AND NEWTON REPRESENT THE VERBAL FORMULAS OF INTEGRALS IN GREEK AND IN PERFECT REPRESENTATIONAL SHAPES, WHICH CAN NOT DO IN OTHER LANGUAGES. THIS IS BECAUSE THE GREEK HAS A MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS THE HARMONIOUS GEOMETRICAL DISPLAY. <> PARTICULARLY USEFUL ARE THE GREEK SUFFIXES AS: TELE, LANDI = … LAND, GEO … NANO, MICRO, MEGA, PURPOSE … .ISMOS, ELECTRO …., CYCLO …., TUNER …., MACRO …., SMALL …., TRAY …., WRITES … LETTER … PLUS … … SYM, ETC .. EXAMPLE: THE KNOWN TO ALL CD = COMPACT DISK = DISK SYMPAKTOMENOS COMPUTERS CONSIDER THE GREEK LANGUAGE “NOT MARGINAL ‘, IE THAT ONLY IN THAT THERE ARE NO LIMITS AND SO IT IS NECESSARY TO NEW DISCIPLINES SUCH AS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRONICS, THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS. THESE SCIENCES ONLY IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE FIND MENTAL EXPRESSIONS THEY NEED, WITHOUT WHICH SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT IS UNABLE TO PROCEED. FOR THESE REASONS THE SPANISH MEPS SOUGHT TO INTRODUCE GREEK AS THE OFFICIAL EUROPEAN UNION BECAUSE TO SPEAK OF A UNITED EUROPE WITHOUT THE GREEK IS LIKE TALKING TO A BLIND MAN ABOUT COLORS.
OF COURSE, IT CAN`T THAT ALL SUDDENLY IT BECOMES ‘OUT OF NOWHERE’ TO DISPLAY A HOMER AND WRITTEN TWO LITERARY MASTERPIECES, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT LONG AGO SHOULD HAVE BEEN A LANGUAGE (AND WRITING) HIGH LEVEL. INDEED, FROM THE ANCIENT GREEK SECRETARIAT KNOW THAT HOMER WAS NOT THE FIRST BUT THE LAST AND MOST FAMOUS OF A LONG LINE OF EPIC POETS, WHOSE NAMES HAVE SURVIVED (KREOFYLOS, PRODIKOS, ARKTINOS, ANTIMACHUS, KINAITHON, CALLIMACHUS) AND THE NAMES OF THEIR WORKS (FORONIS, FOKAIS, DANAIS, NEGRESS, PROGENY, OEDIPAL, THEBES …) HAVE NOT YET BEEN RESCUED THEMSELVES THEIR PROJECTS. POSSIBLE CREATION OF NEW WORDS THE POWER OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS ITS ABILITY TO BE MOLDED NOT ONLY PREFIX OR CONCLUSIVE BUT VARYING IN SOME CASES UP TO THE ROOT OF THE WORD (EG, “RUN” AND “WHEEL” EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE FROM THE SAME FAMILY DIFFER SLIGHTLY THE ROOT). THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS QUALIFIED TO CREATE COMPOUND WORDS WITH INCREDIBLE POTENTIAL USES, MULTIPLYING THE VOCABULARY. THE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY WEBSTER’S (WEBSTER’S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY) SAYS: “THE LATIN AND GREEK, ESPECIALLY THE GREEK, AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF MATERIAL FOR CREATING SCIENTIFIC TERMS,” WHILE THE FRENCH LEXICOGRAPHERS JEAN BOUFFARTIGUE AND ANNE-MARIE DELRIEU EMPHASIZED: “SCIENCE FINDS CONSTANTLY NEW OBJECTS OR CONCEPTS. HE NAMED THEM. THE TREASURE OF THE GREEK ROOTS IN FRONT OF HER AS LONG AS YOU DRAW FROM THERE. IT WOULD BE VERY SURPRISING NOT TO FIND THOSE IN NEED. “ THE FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER, STUNNED IN FRONT OF THE GRANDEUR OF GREEK, HAD DECLARED RELATIVELY: “THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS THE CHARACTERISTIC TO OFFER ON THE WONDERFUL EXPRESSION OF ALL HIERARCHIES WITH A SIMPLE ROTATION OF THE FIRST COMPONENT. ONE HAS ONLY TO PUT A PAN – FIRST – INITIAL OVER- OR ANY OTHER INTENTION IN FRONT OF A SUBJECT. AND IF YOU COMBINE TOGETHER THESE PREFIXES, IT TAKES AN ENDLESS VARIETY OF GRADATIONS. THE PREFIXES ENCLOSED IN THE HAND, NOT AS A SEMANTIC SCALE, WHICH RISES TOWARDS THE SKY OF WORDS. “ IN HOMER’S ILIAD THETIS MOURNING THAT WILL GET THE SON OF KILLING HECTOR “DIONE AND DYSARISTOTOKEIAN IT CALLS”. THE WORD ITSELF IS A DIRGE, DYS + EXCELLENT + WHELP (= CALVE) AND MEANS SUCH ANALYZES ETYMOLOGICUM MEGA “, WHICH GAVE BIRTH TO EVIL EXCELLENT.” A FEW YEARS AGO WAS RELEASED IN SWITZERLAND IN DICTIONARY NONEXISTENT WORDS (DICTIONNAIRE DES MOTS INEXISTANTS) PROPOSING TO REPLACE FRENCH WITH CIRCUMLOCUTIONS MONOLECTIC TERMS FROM THE GREEK. EG ANDROPREIE(=MANACTING), BIOPALESTE, DYSPAREGORETE, ECOGENIARCHE, ELPIDOPHORE(=HOPE+CARRY), GLOSSOCTONIE, PHILOMATHEEM(=LEARNLOVING) TACHYMATHIE(=QUICK LEARNING), THEOPEMPTE ETC. ABOUT 2,000 ENTRIES WITH SCOPE FOR FURTHER ENRICHMENT. NOT FOR CHAUVINISTIC REASONS, BUT TO LEARN SLOWLY ARE UNAWARE OF THE TRUTH!
That is not the Alphabet is copied from elsewhere seen in that in the year 2300 BC by Homer already at the disposal of 6,500,000 primary words (first person singular present tense &) which if you multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born.The Greek language is the only one that can be used for H / Y due mathematical and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=position): Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc etc if now these words the English translation is completely unrelated.
IF WE COMPARE NOW EG THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS 80,000 WORDS, OF WHICH 80% ARE GREEK AS WE INFORM THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES, AND MEASURE THAT THIS STERILE LANGUAGE EVOLVES 1000 YEARS, WE EFFORTLESSLY DRAW THE CONCLUSION THAT HOMER RECEIVES A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS A DEPTH THE YEAR 100,000 BC; 500,000 BC; WHO KNOWS …
But the ultimate proof is the same of the mathematic structure, which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that the Creator uses math to create, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1).
BUT BEFORE THE “CRYPT” IS THE “SIGNIFIER”, IE THE CONNECTION OF WORDS WITH MEANINGS. HE SAID EARLIER THAT FOREIGN DIALECTS DEFINED BY AGREEMENT, IE SOME AGREED THAT SUCH AND SUCH A SUBJECT WOULD CALL IT “X”, WHICH MAKES THE LANGUAGES STERILE, SO THEY CAN GIVE BIRTH TO NEW WORDS, SO THERE MATHIMATIKOTITA THEREFORE CAN NOT DESCRIBE NEW CONCEPTS THAT EXIST IN NATURE, RESULTING IN THE BRAIN WHERE IT CAN NOT DESCRIBE THROUGH NEW WORDS NEW MEANINGS REMAIN IN THE DARK, SO THE NEURONS OF THE BRAIN DOES NOT GENERATE NEW AS OPPOSED TO THOSE WHO USE THE GREEK.
HOW COULD EG THE ENGLISH OR THE FRENCH OR THE X, Y WITH A WORD THAT HAS 10 CONCEPTS TO DESCRIBE ACCURATELY AND THEREFORE CLEARLY A DEEPER MEANING? LET ALONE THE MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF THIS? IT CAN NOT BE SO WHY ALL STARTED HERE. IT MEANS THEREFORE IS CONNECTING THE SIGNAL TO THE SIGNIFIED, THAT THE WORD ITSELF IS GENERATED IN SUCH A MANNER THAT DESCRIBES THE MEANING ESOKLEINEI INSTRUMENTS.
EXAMPLE: THE NAMING OF THE WORD CURRY (WALNUT), AS WE READ IN THESECRETREALTRUTH, FROM AN OBSERVATION OF NATURE (AS ALL WORDS), IE WHEN TWO HORNED ANIMALS (RAMS, GOATS ETC.) TRA.KAR.OUN WITH KER.ATA THEIR SOUNDS “CRACK” OR “FEM”, THE SOUND HE GAVE THE NAME “HORN” (HORN) THE HORN GAVE THE NAME OF THE STATE OR SKULL (HEAD) AND THE NICKNAMES OF THIS CURRY (SMALL HEAD). CURRY (NUT) LOOKS AMAZING TO THE HUMAN HEAD AND THE INTERIOR OF THE BRAIN. Y IS THE ROOT OF THE VERB YO (RAIN) WHERE Y IS CONCAVITY (OR CONVEXITY) THAT MATES SOMETHING, RAIN (WATER ELEMENT) ENTERS (NEST) INTO THE EARTH.
THE MUSICAL – NUMERIC ALPHABET CREATES MUSICAL – MATHEMATICAL WORDS THAT DESCRIBE RESPECTIVE CONCEPTS WHICH COME FROM THE OBSERVATION OF NATURE IE OF CREATION SO BY EXTENSION OF THE SAME CREATOR, BUT THE QUESTION IS HOW MANY MILLENNIA MAY BE NEEDED TO CREATE THIS PERFECT MATHEMATICAL COMPLEX LETTERS ARE NUMBERS, YET MUSICAL TONES AND WORDS THAT ALL THE NUMBERS AND MUSIC TONES INTO THEIR HIDE EXCEPT FOR COMPLEX MUSICAL HARMONIES, CONCEPTS WHICH ARE NOT RANDOM AT ALL BUT AFTER EXTENSIVE OBSERVATION OF NATURE?
ARGUABLY, THEREFORE OUR ANTISTHENES RECALLS “WISDOM AUTHORITY NAMES VISITATION”DE GROOT (NETHERLANDS HOMERIC TEXTS PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS CONTINUITY AND TEACHES TO BE OWNERLESS AND GOT A GLORY, THAT AN OPINION. IN THIS LANGUAGE THERE IS NO ORTHODOXY. SO EVEN IF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WANTS PEOPLE LAW-ABIDING – A MOLD – THE SPIRIT OF ANCIENT TEXTS AND LANGUAGE IN LEARNING TO BE A BOSS. “ JAMES JOYCE (FAMOUS IRISH AUTHOR, 1882-1941)
“ALMOST AFRAID TO TOUCH THE ODYSSEY, THE OPPRESSIVE BEAUTY IS UNBEARABLE.” THE GREAT FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER SAID:
“IN GREEK THERE IS A VERTIGO OF WORDS, BECAUSE ONLY SHE EXPLORED, RECORDED AND ANALYZED THE INNERMOST PROCESSES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE, MORE THAN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE.” THE GREAT FRENCH ENLIGHTENER VOLTAIRE HAD SAID
“MAY THE GREEK LANGUAGE TO BECOME COMMON ALL PEOPLES.” THE FRENCH PROFESSOR AT THE SORBONNE SAID CHARLES FORIEL
“THE GREEK HAS HOMOGENEITY AS THE GERMAN, BUT RICHER THAN THAT. HE HAS THE CLARITY OF THE FRENCH, BUT IT HAS GREATER PRECISION. IT IS MORE FLEXIBLE THAN THE ITALIAN AND MUCH MORE HARMONIOUS THAN THE SPANISH. IS THAT WHAT IT TAKES TO BE CONSIDERED THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LANGUAGE OF EUROPE. “ MARIANNA MCDONALD, PROFESSOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AND HEAD OF TLG SAID
“KNOWLEDGE OF GREEK IS ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION OF HIGH CULTURAL CULTIVATION.” THE BLIND AMERICAN WRITER HELEN KELLER HAD TOLD
“IF THE VIOLIN IS THE MOST PERFECT MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE VIOLIN OF HUMAN THOUGHT.“ JOHN GOETHE (THE GREATEST POET OF GERMANY, 1749-1832)
“I LISTENED TO ST. PETER’S IN ROME THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANGUAGES. THE GREEK RESONATED STAR GLOWING IN THE NIGHT. “ DIALOGUE OF GOETHE WITH HIS DISCIPLES:
-DASKALE WHAT TO READ TO BECOME WISE AS YOU?
-THE GREEK CLASSICS.
-AND WHEN WE FINISH THE GREEK CLASSICS WHAT TO READ?
-OLD GREEK CLASSICS. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (GREAT IRISH PLAYWRIGHT, 1856-1950)
“IF THE LIBRARY OF YOUR HOME YOU DO NOT HAVE THE WORKS OF ANCIENT GREEK AUTHORS, THEN YOU LIVE IN A HOUSE WITHOUT LIGHT.” MARK TILLIOS CICERO (THE FOREMOST MAN OF ANCIENT ROME, 106-43 BC)
“IF THE GODS SPEAK, THEN CERTAINLY USE THE LANGUAGE OF THE GREEKS.” HUMPHREY KITTY (ENGLISH PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, 1968)
“IT’S THE NATURE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS CLEAN, PRECISE AND COMPLEX. THE AMBIGUITY AND LACK OF DIRECT ENORASEOS FEATURING SOMETIMES ENGLISH AND GERMAN, IS COMPLETELY FOREIGN TO THE GREEK LANGUAGE. “ IRINA KOVALEVA (MODERN RUSSIAN PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY LOMONOSOV, 1995)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS BEAUTIFUL LIKE HEAVEN TO THE STARS.” RH ROBINS (CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LINGUIST, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON)
“OF COURSE NOT ONLY IN LINGUISTICS WHERE GREEKS WERE PIONEERS IN EUROPE. OVERALL EUROPE’S SPIRITUAL LIFE GOES BACK TO THE WORK OF GREEK THINKERS.
EVEN TODAY WE RETURN UNCEASINGLY IN GREEK HERITAGE TO FIND STIMULATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT. “ FREDERICK SAGKREDO (BASQUE LINGUISTICS PROFESSOR – CHAIRMAN OF THE GREEK ACADEMY OF VASKONIAS)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE BEST LEGACY THAT HAS BEEN AVAILABLE TO THE MAN ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN. AGAINST ALL GREEK AND INSIST ALL LANGUAGES ARE INADEQUATE. “
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE SHOULD BECOME THE SECOND LANGUAGE OF ALL EUROPEANS, ESPECIALLY THE CULTURED PEOPLE.”
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS OF DIVINE ESSENCE.” HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN (RENOWNED AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST, 1822-1890)
“EVERYTHING I WANTED PASSIONATELY TO LEARN GREEK. I DID NOT DO IT BECAUSE I WAS AFRAID THAT THE DEEP CHARM OF THIS MAGNIFICENT LANGUAGE WOULD ABSORB SO MUCH THAT WOULD HAVE REMOVED MY OTHER ACTIVITIES. “(THE SCHLIEMANN SPOKE 18 LANGUAGES SEAMLESSLY. FOR TWO YEARS DID NOTHING OTHER THAN THE STUDYING 2 POEMS OF HOMER). IBN KHALDOUN (LARGEST ARAB HISTORIAN)
“WHERE IS THE SECRETARIAT OF THE ASSYRIANS, THE CHALDEANS, THE EGYPTIANS? ALL MANKIND HAS INHERITED THE SECRETARIAT OF THE GREEKS ALONE. “ WILL DURANT (AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND PHILOSOPHER, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLUMBIA)
“OUR ALPHABET CAME FROM GREECE BY KIMI AND ROME. OUR LANGUAGE IS LITTERED GREEK WORDS. OUR SCIENCE ESFYRILATISE MIAN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE BY THE GREEK TERMS. OUR GRAMMAR AND OUR RHETORIC, EVEN THE PUNCTUATION AND THE DIVISION AREAS PARAGRAPHS … IS GREEK INVENTIONS. OUR GENRES ARE GREEKS – THE LYRIC, THE ODE, THE ROMANCE, THE NOVEL, THE ESSAY, THE PROSFONISIS, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND ABOVE ALL THE VISION. AND ALMOST ALL OF THESE WORDS ARE GREEK. “ JACQUELINE DE ROMIGY (MODERN FRENCH ACADEMICIAN AND AUTHOR)
“ANCIENT GREECE OFFERS US A LANGUAGE, WHICH WILL SAY THAT IT IS UNIVERSAL.”
“EVERYONE NEEDS TO LEARN GREEK, BECAUSE THE GREEK LANGUAGE HELPS US FIRST OF ALL TO UNDERSTAND OUR OWN LANGUAGE.” BRUNO SNELL (DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE PAST OF THE EUROPEANS.” FRANGKISKOS LIGKORA (MODERN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AND PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF CULTURE)
“GREEKS CAN BE PROUD TO SPEAK THE GREEK LANGUAGE ALIVE AND THE MOTHER OF ALL OTHER LANGUAGES. DO NOT NEGLECT, SINCE THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW GOODS WE HAVE LEFT AND ALSO YOUR PASSPORT TO THE WORLD CIVILIZATION. “ THE. VANTROUSKA (PROFESSOR OF LINGUISTICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA)
“FOR A JAPANESE OR TURKISH, ALL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ARE NOT SEEN AS SEPARATE BUT AS DIALECTS OF ONE AND THE SAME LANGUAGE, GREEK.” PETER JONES (PHD – PROFESSOR AT OXFORD UNIVERSITY WHO DRAFTED LESSONS OF ANCIENT GREEK WITH READERSHIP, FOR PUBLICATION IN THE NEWSPAPER «DAILYTELEGRAPH»)
THE GREEKS OF ATHENS IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURY HAD REACHED THE LANGUAGE TO THE POINT THAT WITH HER TO EXPLORE IDEAS SUCH AS DEMOCRACY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE, CONCEPTS SUCH AS SULFUR AND LAW. IT IS A WONDERFUL AND GREAT LANGUAGE. “ GILBERT MURRAY (PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD)
“THE GREEK IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE. OFTEN ONE FINDS THAT A THOUGHT CAN BE EXPRESSED WITH EASE AND GRACE IN GREEK, AND BECOMES DIFFICULT AND SEVERE IN LATIN, ENGLISH, FRENCH OR GERMAN. IT IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE, BECAUSE IT EXPRESSES THE THOUGHTS MOST PERFECT PEOPLE. “ MAX VON LAYE (NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS)
“I GRACES IN DIVINE PROVIDENCE, BECAUSE IT PLEASED TO TEACH ANCIENT GREEK, WHO HELPED ME TO PENETRATE DEEPER INTO THE MEANING OF SCIENCE.” E, NORDEN (THE GREAT GERMAN PHILOLOGIST)
“IN ADDITION TO CHINESE AND JAPANESE, ALL OTHER LANGUAGES WERE FORMED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GREEK, FROM WHICH THEY TOOK, BESIDES MANY WORDS, RULES AND GRAMMAR.” MARTIN HEIDEGGER (GERMAN PHILOSOPHER, OF THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF EXISTENTIALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE STANDARDS THROUGH WHICH SHOWCASE THE SPIRITUAL FORCES OF CREATIVE GENIUS, BECAUSE WITH RESPECT TO THE POSSIBILITIES PROVIDED IN THOUGHT, IS THE MOST POWERFUL AND YET THE MOST WITTY OF ALL LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD.” DAVID CRYSTAL (AKA ENGLISH PROFESSOR, AUTHOR OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CAMBRIDGE FOR THE ENGLISH)
“IT’S AMAZING TO SEE HOW MUCH MORE WE RELY ON THE GREEK, TO TALK ABOUT ENTITIES AND EVENTS AT THE HEART OF MODERN LIFE.” MICHAEL VENTRIS (THE MAN WHO DECIPHERED THE LINEAR B)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE WAS AND IS HIGHER ALL THE OLD AND NEW LANGUAGES.” R.H. ROBINS (LINGUIST AND AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK TRIUMPH IN THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE IS THAT GAVE SO MUCH TO SO MANY SECTORS […]. THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS WHICH WAS EXTREMELY STRONG, IE THE THEORY OF GRAMMAR AND GRAMMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LANGUAGE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO MERIT AND TO WITHSTAND CRITICISM. ALSO BE SUCH AS TO INSPIRE GRATITUDE AND OUR ADMIRATION. “ LUIS JOSÉ NAVARRO (DEPUTY TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM “EVROKLASSIKA” OF THE EU)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE FOR ME IS LIKE COSMOGONY. IT IS NOT JUST A LANGUAGE … “ JUAN JOSE PUHANA ARZA (BASQUE HELLENIST AND POLITICIAN)
“WE MUST PROCLAIM THAT THERE HAS BEEN IN THE WORLD A LANGUAGE WHICH CAN BE COMPARED TO THE CLASSICAL GREEK.” D’EICHTAL (FRENCH AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS ALL THE FEATURES, ALL THE CONDITIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL TONGUE … TOUCHES THESE SAME BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION … WHICH NOT ONLY THERE WAS NO STRANGER TO NONE OF THE MAJOR EVENTS OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT, RELIGION, IN POLITICS, IN LITERATURE, THE ARTS, THE SCIENCES, BUT WAS ALSO THE FIRST TOOL – TO SCAN ALL THESE – SO TO SPEAK, THE WOMB … LANGUAGE LOGIC WHILE EUPHONIC, AMONG ALL THE OTHER … “ THEODORE F. BRUNNER (TLG FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR UNTIL 1997)
“ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SPENT ON THE HOARDING OF GREEK WORDS, WE REPLY: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS AND CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE OUR CULTURE.” JACQUES LANG (FRENCH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION)
“I WOULD LIKE TO SEE TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK, WITH THE SAME ZEAL THAT WE DEMONSTRATE, AND GREEK SCHOOLS.” IN HIS WORK “A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE” BY THE FAMOUS LINGUIST A.. MEILLET, SUPPORTED STRONGLY THE SUPERIORITY OF GREEK OVER OTHER LANGUAGES.
The name of Apollo itself—though not Paean, a possible name of a precursor god to or epithet of him—is generally considered to be absent from the Linear B (Mycenean Greek) texts although it is possible that the name is in fact attested in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo-[ (Linear B: ]-[) on the KN E 842 tablet.The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι).According to some scholars the words are derived from the Doric word apella (ἀπέλλα), which originally meant “wall,” “fence for animals” and later “assembly within the limits of the square.”[Apella (Ἀπέλλα) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[9] corresponding to the ecclesia (ἐκκλησία). R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun.Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo’s name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), “to destroy”. Plato in Cratylus connects the name withἀπόλυσις (apolysis), “redeem”, with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), “purification”, and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), “simple”, in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), “ever-shooting”. Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means “assembly”, so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), “fold”, in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means “stone,” and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella,[14] the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη(Pellēnē/Pallene)
Language
7270-year-old Tablet Found in Kastoria Calls into Question History of Writing
Back in 1993, in a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island near the modern village of Dispilio on Lake Kastoria in the Kastoria Prefecture, professor George Hourmouziadis and his team unearthed the Dispilio Tablet (also known as the Dispilio Scripture or the Dispilio Disk), a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings (charagmata) that has been carbon 14-dated to about 7300 BP (5260 BC).
In February 2004, during the announcement of the Tablet’s discovery to the world, Hourmouziadis claimed that the text with the markings could not be easily publicized because it would ultimately change the current historical background concerning the origins of writing and articulate speech depicted with letters instead of ideograms within the borders of the ancient Greek world and by extension, the broader European one.
According to the Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the markings suggested that the current theory proposing that the ancient Greeks received their alphabet from the ancient civilizations of the Middle East (Babylonians, Sumerians and Phoenicians etc) fails to close the historic gap of some 4,000 years. This gap translates into the following facts: while ancient eastern civilizations would use ideograms to express themselves, the ancient Greeks were using syllables in a similar manner like we use today.
The currently accepted historic theory taught around the world suggests that the ancient Greeks learned to write around 800 BC from the Phoenicians. However, a question emerges among scholars: how is it possible for the Greek language to have 800,000 word entries, ranking first among all known languages in the world, while the second next has only 250,000 word entries? How is it possible for the Homeric Poems to have been produced at about 800 BC, which is just when the ancient Greeks learned to write? It would be impossible for the ancient Greeks to write these poetic works without having had a history of writing of at least 10,000 years back, according to a US linguistic research.
The tablet is 2,000 years older than the written findings from the Sumerian era and 4,000 years older than the Cretan-Mycenean linear types of writing.
The markings on the tablet did not resemble the human figures, the sun and moon or other figures ideograms usually depict. They actually showed signs of advanced apheresis, which indicates they are the result of cognitive processes.
The tablet was partially damaged when it was exposed to the oxygen-rich environment outside of the mud and water in which it was immersed for a long period of time, and it is now under conservation. The full academic publication of the tablet apparently awaits the completion of the work of conservation
– See more at: http://greece.greekreporter.com/2012/07/16/7270-year-old-tablet-found-in-kastoria-calls-into-question-history-of-writing/#sthash.o0yDtSd4.dpuf
ALEXANDER THE GREAT – ”Medallion” East of the Empire, Beroia (provincial capital of Macedonia, the Heart of Greece), 3rd century A.D., Gold, Diam. 54 mm; 96.3 g Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
The obverse shows the diademed head of Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BC). This posthumous and idealized portrait includes symbols of Alexander’s deification, one of which is the ram’s horn, characteristic of the Egyptian god Amon. This iconography derives from the type of coin introduced by one of Alexander’s immediate successors, King Lysimachos of Thrace (297-281 BC).
The reverse shows a hunting scene, with the hunter’s spear piercing a wild boar that is being attacked by two dogs. The legend “King Alexander”, which appears to the left and above, identifies the hunter.
The “medallion” is part of a treasure including twenty similar pieces found in Aboukir, Egypt, in 1902. The designation “medallion” is purely a matter of convention based on the piece’s morphology and size, as the use given to such pieces cannot be definitively established.
THE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE VS “PHOENICIAN” DECEPTION.
H E R E: AN EXAMPLE OF AN I D E N T I C A L- C L A S S I C A L VARIATION OF A STANZA …, …………….
********************** J U S T………………V O W E L S!!!! ********************
( A N C I E N T G R E E K // ATTICA DIALECT)
A YOUNG MOTHERS WISH TO HER BABY SON :
“ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ” = AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYSTHE FLAME OF LIFE = ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥΗ ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ (TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK).
ANALYTICTRASLATIONIN ORDERFROM; ANCIENT GREEK – NEW GREEK – ENGLISH
ΟΙΑ = ΟΠΩΣ= AS
ΗΩ = Η ΑΥΓΉ = THE DAWN
Ω ΥΙΕ = ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ = OH MY SON
ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ = BE ALWAYS
(TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK) :
ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ =
= AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYS!!
Η ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ=THE FLAME OF LIFE=2135
ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = 2135
ATTENTION: – GO AFTER THE ANCIENT ALPHABET INDEX
The earliest numerical notation used by the Greeks was the Attic system. It employed the vertical stroke for a one, and symbols for“5”, “10”, “100”, “1000”, and “10,000”. Though there was some steam lining of its use. The (IONIAN)) Greek system of enumeration was a VERY SOPHISTICATED one, Like the ATTICA SYSTEM it was also DECIMAL Its distinguishing feature is that it was alphabetical and required the use of more than 27 different symbols for numbers plus a couple of other symbols for meaning. This made the system somewhat cumbersome to use. However, calculation lends itself to a great deal of skill within almost any system, the Greek system being no exception. ” Greek Enumeration and Basic Number Formation First, we note that the number symbols were the same as the letters of the Greek alphabet. symbol value symbol value symbol value ! 1 ” 10 # 100 $ 2 % 20 & 200 ‘ 3 ( 30 ) 300 * 4 + 40 , 400 – 5 . 50 / 500 6 0 60 1 600 2 7 3 70 4 700 5 8 6 80 7 800 8 9 90 900 where three additional characters, the (digamma), the (koppa), 1°c 2000, G. Donald Allen Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 2 and the (sampi) are used. Hence, &62 = 287 Larger Numbers Larger numbers were also available. The thousands, 1000 to 9000, were represented by placing adiacritical mark ! before a unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 In other sources we see the diacritical mark placed as a subscript before the unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 The uses of a M was used to represent numbers from 10,000 on up. Thus 9! = 50: 000 9″#&62 = 120: 287 Alternatively, depending on the history one reads 9 – = 50: 000 9!% ¢ &62 = 120: 287 Archimedes, in his book The Sand Reckoner, calculated the number of grains of sand to fill the universe”. This required him to develop an extention the power of Greek enumeration to include very large numbers. Fractions In the area of fractions, context was crucial for correctly reading a fraction. A diacritical mark was placed after the denominator of the (unit) fraction. So, $ ! = 1 2 ;<= +$ ! = 1 42 but this latter example could also mean 40 ! ” . More complex fractions could be written as well, with context again being important. The numerator was written with an overbar. Thus, .! 6* = 51 84 Numerous, similar, representations also have been used, with increasing sophistication over time. Indeed, Diophantus uses a fractional form identical to ours but with the numerator and denominator in reversed positions. 2The reader may ask, ”What universe?” It was the universe of Aristarchos the so called ‘ancient Copernicus’ because he proposed a sun centered universe with the earth and other planet orbiting it. More on this later. Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 3 # Calculation The arithmetic operations are complex in that so many symbols are used. However, as you can imagine, addition amounts to grouping and then carrying. For example 5+7= – + 2 = %$ = 12, not terribly unlike what we do. Multiplication was carried out using the distributive law. For example: &62 ¢ $ = (& + 6 + 2) £ $ = (200 + 80 + 7) £ 2 = 400 + 160 + 14 = 574 = /3*
A vast knowledge locked-coded into words because of mathematical values they have. One of the pioneers on the matter was maximum Pythagoras.
The numbers, shapes, harmony and the stars have something in common, so respectively mathematics (numbers) geometry (shape), harmony (music) and astro-nomy (one star = a-choris- bracket + natural nomoipou govern ) were sisters sciences by Pythagoras, which in this series we discussed was the ladder to development (= ex -tou- helix, DNA) of mind-soul to the Creator.
A Creator who created based on these four disciplines. 27 symbols-figures in numerical value make up the Greek Alphabet, 3 groups of 9 numbers-symbols each group, totaling each group 45, 450, 4,500. ALPHA = 1 + 30 + 500 + 1 = 532 => 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 EN = 5 + 50 = 55 => 5 + 5 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 OMIKRON = 70 + 40 + 10 + 20 + 100 + 70 + 50 = 360, as there are degrees of the circle
To be able to understand the meanings of the concepts of words of ancient Greek tongue should first know a little about the actual Greek language.
The ancient Greek language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The ancient Greek language is a MATHEMATICAL MASTERPIECE that wè`ll try to approach.
The beginning of everything is the same as the Ancient Greek alphabet (which of course we did not get it from someone else as we shall see, because factually not possible). The letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole was 33 and as many vertebrae, the last five vertebrae (playing the role of the antenna) directly related to the brain and corresponding to the last 5 ineffable letters which only the priests knew * one of them It was the right (or Gammadion) which in Latin became swstika and the Nazis stole and name Swastika. This symbol is the life-giving Sun (Apollo), the Nazis reversed it to symbolize the opposite of life-giving Sun, ie dark death.
There were also some letters which over time abolished as Digamma (F, Qoppa (Q), stigma (S ‘), Saba (ϡ) Pythagoras inform us about the 3 levels of Greek language which are:
1. Talking 2. Signifier (a. Signal b. Signified) 3. caches (a. Time b. Vibration c. Lexarithmos d. Tonarithmos) -The First is the speech -The Second is the relationship between the mark and the signified that we will analyze below. -The Third is the interval (distance & time), vibration (which awakens the brain through resonance frequencies of the created pulses – Pallas Athena) the lexarithmos (relation of letters and words with numbers) and tonarithmos (relation of letters and words of tunes )
Each letter corresponding to a number, and a musical tone so letter = number = tone (musician), which shows that in our language behind letters-words are numbers (lexarithmoi) and musical sounds (tonarithmoi).
The four sisters sciences by Pythagoras were: 1. Numbers (mathematics) 2. Shapes (Geometry – γεωμετρια); from: geo+metria=earth measure, meter. 3. Music (Harmony)(nine muses..) 4. Astronomy (Astro+nomia from nomos=law)
The above sciences are interrelated with the Ancient Hellenic Language and are into each another like Russian bampouskes. Combine alphabet enclosing numbers and musical tones with these 4 disciplines.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2. Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres thus speak a language that has to do with the flow of the universe.
PHOENICIAN “ALPHABET”: AN HISTORICAL DECEPTION
This theory:
1. Completely rejects the theorem that the Greek language came from another language (the so-called “Indo-European”!!!), since it is PROVEN to be the only NON-conventional language of the world. In other words, the only language where a relationship betweenthe “word” (as a form) and the “meaning of the word” is established.
2. Consequently, it is proven that Greek is the first and only created language of the human species which provided the basis for all “conventional” languages, as are all the other languages of the world (where there is no causative relationship between the form and the meaning). These other languages are a corrupt form of Greek.
3. This theory proves, without a doubt, that the alphabet was created by the Greeks so that the 24 or 27 code letters would aid in attributing the meanings of the Greek words (and only of these).
4. Comparatively, this theory shows that the symbols of the Phoenician writings and their nouns, e.g., “alef” = ox, “beth” = hut, “gimel = camel, etc., not only do not contain coded meaning, but are also associated or refer to [the] primitive animal conditions – [one would expect in a culturally backward society].
”Τό πού, πόθ’ όπερ κρίνεται τού χρόνου” !!!(ancient Greek=” Where, what is it that is judged by time ”)
(Χρυσό ενεπίγραφο φύλλο μυρτιάς ή δάφνης, τέλος 4ου αι. π.Χ./ Από το ανατολικό νεκροταφείο της Πέλλας/Φέρει στικτή επιγραφή σε τρεις στίχους: ΦΕΡΣΕΦΟΝΗΙ ΠΟΣΕΙΔΙΠΠΟΣ ΜΥΣΤΗΣ ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ/Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Πέλλας)
(Gold engraved leaf of myrtle or laurel, end of the 4th century BC / From the east cemetery of Pella / It has a dotted inscription on three lines: FERSEFONHI POSEIDIPPOS MYTIS EYSEVIS / Ephorate of Antiquities of Pella the capital of ancient Macedonia)
Overwhelming evidence that one of the most important discoveries in the history of civilization is Greek ,a deception that usurps and distorts Greek History and Civilization. It is of utmost importance that the truth be restored not only for modern Greece, but also for thewhole of humanity.The deception that alphabetical script was discovered by the Phoenicians is a long-lived one.For the past 14 years [the Greek scholarly magazine] Davlos has published numerous articleson this problem. This prompted K. Katis to ask that we submit a relevant article for hismainstream daily so that this important issue would become known to a wider audience.
This article summarizes the strong evidence against the “Phoenician Deception,” and proves that the greatest discovery in the history of civilization is Greek. We believe it necessary to republish this article in [this issue of] Davlos exactly as it appeared in the daily.
A SCIENTIFIC MONSTROSITY.
According to linguistic theory, an “alphabet” is defined as “the sum of symbols following a specific sequence and order used to ascribe the essential utterances of a language, under thecondition that each utterance represents only one symbol and vice-versa”. Consequently, in alphabetical script (as an example, in the writings of the people of Europe, America,Australian, as well as the other parts of the world) each letter represents one essential sound.This is not true for the imperfect alphabets expressed through syllables where each symbolrepresents a syllable (with two or more voiced sounds). For example, in Greek Linear A and B, there is a symbol that represents the syllable ko (k + o), a symbol that represents the syllable po (p + o), etc. In Phoenician writing (which has only consonants and no vowels), this situation is even worse, as far as we can tell from the small amount of existing samples.
IN PHOENICIAN, EACH SYMBOL IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO ONE SPECIFIC SYLLABLE, BUT TO A VARIETY OF SYLLABLES, AND THUS THE READER CAN USE HIS IMAGINATION WHEN ATTEMPTING TO DECIPHER THE SOUNDS. FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE CONSONANTS WHICH CAN BE READ AS EITHER BA, BOU, BE, BI, BO, ETC. OTHERS IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAT CAN BE READ AS GOU, GA, GE, GO, AND SO ON. CONSEQUENTLY, PHOENICIAN SCRIPT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN ALPHABET, AND IS NOT EVEN AN ADVANCED FORM OF SYLLABIC SCRIPT NEARING THE PERFECTION OF THE EQUIVALENT GREEK SYLLABIC WRITINGS. IT IS TRULY AMAZING TO THINK THAT, IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD OF THE PAST 150 YEARS, THE ALMOST CONTRADICTORY TERM OF “PHOENICIAN ALPHABET” HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED, WHICH, IN REALITY REFERS TO A TYPE OF WRITING THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH AN ALPHABET. IT IS EVEN MORE UNBELIEVABLE TO THINK THAT THE SCIENTIFIC DOGMA THAT GREEK CAME FROM PHOENICIAN HAS BEEN ENFORCED. NOT ONLY THE PHOENICIAN IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAN GREEK LINEAR A AND B.
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GREEKNESS OF THE ALPHABET
A) ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THE THEORY THAT THE ALPHABET IS A PHOENICIAN DISCOVERY HAS BEEN MAINTAINED THROUGH THE ARGUMENT, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THAT CERTAIN SYMBOLS OF PHOENICIAN WRITING ARE SIMILAR TO THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET. FOR EXAMPLE, THE PHOENICIAN ALEF IS THE REVERSE OR SIDEWAYS GREEK “A.” THIS ARGUMENT WAS A STRONG ONE UNTIL ABOUT 100 YEARS AGO, WHEN LINGUISTS AND HISTORIANS STILL MAINTAINED THAT THE GREEKS DID NOT KNOW HOW TO WRITE BEFORE 800 B. C.! AROUND 1900 A.D., HOWEVER, ARTHUR EVANS EXCAVATED THE GREEK MINOAN CRETE AND DISCOVERED THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS, WHOSE SYMBOLS CORRESPONDED TO 17 OF THE 24 LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET. GIVEN THAT (A), THE MOST ANCIENT EVIDENCE OF THE GREEK SCRIPTS (LINEAR A AND LINEAR B) THAT WERE LATER DISCOVERED IN PYLOS, MYCENAE, MENIDI AND THEBES — BUT ALSO IN MORE NORTHERN AREAS UP TO THE DANUBE RIVER AS WELL — WERE DATED TO BEFORE 1500 B.C. AND (B), THAT THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR WRITINGS APPEAR IN HISTORY NO EARLIER THAN 1300 BC, EVANS WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO EXPRESS DOUBTS ABOUT THE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS RECEIVED THEIR SCRIPT FROM THE PHOENICIANS. HE PUT FORWARD THE SCIENTIFIC SUSPICION THAT IT WAS PROBABLY THE OTHER WAY ROUND. THE DOUBTS PERTAINING AS TO WHO WAS FIRST — THE PHOENICIANS OR THE GREEKS — IN DISCOVERING WRITING, BECAME A CERTAINTY WHEN FRENCH PROFESSOR, PAUL FORE, AN INTERNATIONALLY ACCLAIMED SPECIALIST ON PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY, PUBLISHED A REPORT IN NESTOR (AN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA — 16TH YEAR, 1989, PAGE 2288). IN THIS REPORT, HE SUBMITS AND DECIPHERS PLATES WITH GREEK LINEAR WRITING FOUND AT THE CYCLOPEAN WALL OF PILIKATES, IN ITHACA, DATED, THROUGH THE USE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS, BACK TO 2700 B.C., THE LANGUAGE OF THESE PLATES WAS GREEK, AND THE DECODING BY PROFESSOR FORE RESULTED IN THE FOLLOWING SYLLABIC TEXT, EXPRESSED PHONETICALLY: A]RE-DA-TI. DA-MI-U-A-.A-TE-NA-KA-NA-RE (IJA)-TE. THE PHONETIC EQUIVALENT OF THIS IS TRANSLATED, ALWAYS ACCORDING TO THE PROFESSOR, AS: “ΙΔΟΎ ΤΙ ΕΓΏ Η ΑΡΕΔΆΤΙΣ ΔΊΔΩ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΣΣΑΝ, ΤΗΝ ΘΕΆΝ ΡΈΑΝ: 100 ΑΊΓΑΣ, 10 ΠΡΌΒΑΤΑ, 3 ΧΟΊΡΟΥΣ” [HERE IS WHAT I, AREDATIS, GIVES TO THE QUEEN- GODDESS REA, 100 GOATS, 10 SHEEP, 3 PIGS]. (SEE, “DAVLOS” MAGAZINE, ISSUE 107, NOVEMBER 1990, PAGE 6103). THUS, FORE PROVED THAT THE GREEKS WERE WRITING AND SPEAKING GREEK AT LEAST 1400 YEARS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR SCRIPT IN HISTORY. BUT, THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GREECE DURING THE LAST 15 YEARS HAVE GIVEN US MANY MORE GREAT SURPRISES: THE GREEKS WERE WRITING USING NOT ONLY LINEAR A AND B, BUT ALSO A TYPE OF WRITING IDENTICAL TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET SINCE AT LEAST 6000 B.C. IN FACT, AT DISPILIO, IN THE LAKE OF KASTORIA, IN NORTHERN GREECE, PROFESSOR G. HOUMOUZIADIS DISCOVERED A PLATE WITH WRITING VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET, WHICH WAS DATED, USING RADIOACTIVE CARBON- 14 AND VISUAL PHOTOTHERMAL METHODOLOGY, BACK TO 5250 B.C. (SEE DAVLOS, ISSUE 147). THREE YEARS LATER, N. SAMSON, A CURATOR OF THE PREHISTORIC AND CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES DEPARTMENT, DISCOVERED SHARDS OF VASES (“OSTRAKA”) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE PRESENT GREEK ALPHABET WHILE EXCAVATING AT THE “CYCLOP’S CAVE,” ON THE DESERTED ISLAND OF YIOURA, NEAR THE INHABITED ISLAND OF ALONNISSOS, IN THE NORTHERN SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX. THESE VASES WERE DATED TO5,500 TO 6,000 B.C. WITH THE SAME METHODS (SEE “DAVLOS,” ISSUE 185, MAY 1997). THE SAME ARCHAEOLOGIST, WHILE PERFORMING EXCAVATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF MILOS, DISCOVERED VESSELS OF THE PROTO-CYCLADIC PERIOD (MID-3RD MILLENNIUM B.C.) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS:
“X,” “N,” “M,” “K,” “Ξ” [KSI],”Π” [P], “Ο,” & “Ε.” (SEE N. SAMSON’S INTERVIEW IN DAVLOS,ISSUE 204, DECEMBER 1998, PAGE 12749.)
IT IS APPARENT THAT THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE GIVEN A “COMICAL’ CHARACTER TO THE SO-CALLED “PHOENICIAN THEORY” ON THE DISCOVERY OF WRITING. IN ADDITION, THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED CHRONOLOGICAL DATING OF GREEK HISTORY AS IT IS TAUGHT TODAY, AS WELL AS THE WORLD HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION ITSELF. (SEE ALSO THE BOOK BY CON. KOUTROUVELLI, “RE- ESTABLISHING THE CHRONOLOGY OF PREHISTORIC TIMES BASED PRIMARILY ON ASTRONOMICAL INFORMATION FROM ANCIENT WRITERS,” DAVLOS PUBLISHING, 1999.)
b) The somewhat mathematical proof
While the house-of-cards which provided “proof”‘ of the so-called “Phoenician alphabet” was being torn down by archaeological discoveries, another overwhelming piece of evidence surfaced. This evidence was offered to us by the 20-year long discreet and timid research of the Greek Language and Writing by a great researcher, Elias Tsatsomoiros. Unfortunately E.Tsatsomoiros passed away on December 19th 1991, after having, however, completed his revolutionary work, History of the Genesis of the Greek Language-from the hunter-gatherer to the time of Zeus-the Deciphering of the Greek Alphabet. The undersigned [writer of this article] had the honor of publishing and editing this work (Davlos Publishing, 1991), but also the honor of having worked closely with the researcher for more than a decade. We had long discussions on the numerous problems arising from the research, and we had published a series of articles in Davlos magazine. This memorable researcher proved in a remarkable way that every letter of the Greek alphabet contained a consistent code meaning, which is literally introduced either exactly or metaphorically within the general meaning of the Greek word it belongs to, as a partial meaning. Consequently, every (ancient) Greek word is basically an acronym (similar to D(imosia) E (picheirisi) H(lektrismou) [=ΔΕΗ in Greek, or as U(nited) N(ations), in English], where every letter provides a significant or less significant notional element, and then, they all together provide the logical definition of the meaning expressed bythe word. The “significant difference” of each word’s meaning is usually provided by the firstletter. Obviously, there is not enough space in this article to present the code meaning of the letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole, as they are analyzed in this revolutionary volume of research in the field of human speech. As an example, I will choose only one of the now days 24 letters (orinaly 27) of the Hellenic alphabet, “Ypsilon” = “Y” or, small case, “u” (pronounced, long-e “eepsilon,” the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, and familiar to us as “Y” in the so-called “Latin” alphabet– which is nothing more than a variationof the Greek “Chalcidean” alphabet). Ypsilon, therefore, as its shape indicates, has the code meaning of “a cavity” οr, if reversed, of a “convexity.” This meaning is introduced into the words containing this letter, and sometimes, by extension into the meaning of liquids (which, through their natural flow end up filling the “cavity”). I will quickly mention some of the names of vessels and liquids (such as the amphiconical κ-Υ-πελλο which is dated back to 2700 B.C. and is displayed at the Heraklion Museum). One may add to the words mentioned there, many others, such as kot-Y-li, go-Y-ttos, tr-Y-blion, p-Y-xis, amphore-Y-s, b-Y-tion, l-Y-chnos, procho-Y-s, ske-Y-os, etc, all having the meaning of a curvedobject. Also, some other words such as k-Y-hsis (rounding of the stomach ofan eng-Y-os [pregnant] woman); k-Y-ma (curving on the surface of the ocean); cr-Y-pti (curving of the ground); the preposition [h-Y-po] Y-po (meaning under a certain level); h-Y-per (preposition meaning above acertain level); Y-psos =height; and all of the hundreds of words that have h-Y-po or h-Y-per as a prefix, as well as thousands of others. This discovery, which unfortunately has been officially ignored, is a continuation of the forgotten Platonic approach to the problem of language (see Plato’s Cratylus ).
THE HERODOTUS EXTRACT
ALL THE GREEK WRITERS WHO MENTION THE ALPHABET (THEY CALLED IT “GRAMMATA”) CONSIDER IT A VERY ANCIENT GREEK INVENTION (BY PROMETHEUS, PALAMEDES, LINUS, ETC). THE THEORY OF THE PHOENICIAN ALPHABET WAS ALWAYS, AND IS STILL, BASED ON AN EXCEPTION TO THIS GENERAL RULE. THISEXCEPTION IS AN EXCERPT FROM HERODOTUS, THAT HE HIMSELF PRESENTS AS HIS ‘PERSONAL OPINION’ (“ΩΣ ΕΜΟΙ ΔΟΚΕΕΙ” = “AS IT SEEMS TO ME”). THIS OPINION WAS FORMED BASED ON THE SAYINGS OF OTHERS, AS HE HIMSELF MENTIONS IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS (“ΑΝΑΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ” = TAKING INFORMATION FROM OTHERS). LET US HAVE A LOOK AT THE HERODOTUS’ EXCERPT (HISTORY, E 58): [58. AS FAR AS THE PHOENICIANS, THEY, WHO ARRIVED WITH CADMUS, INCLUDING THE GEFIRAIOI, HAD LIVED IN MANY OTHER PLACES AND INTRODUCED ALSO ARTS (NEW AND UNKNOWN) TO THE GREEKS; IN FACT, AND ALSO (SOME) WRITING, WHICHHAD NOT BEEN KNOWN TO THE GREEKS BEFORE THAT, AS I THINK, FIRST THIS WRITING WHICH WAS USED BY ALL THE PHOENICIANS. WITH THE PASSING OF TIME, HOWEVER, THE PHOENICIANS CHANGED THIS TYPE OF WRITING ALONG WITH THEIR LANGUAGE.]
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT THIS EXCERPT IS THAT IN THE CRITICAL PHRASE “… AMA TIN FONI METEVALLON KAI TON RHITHMON TON GRAMMATON,” IT IS DISCLOSED THAT THE PHOENICIANS-GEFIRAIOI THAT WENT TO VIOTIA WITH CADMUS BROUGHT SOME FORM OF WRITING WITH THEM. BUT, AS THE PHOENICIANS “CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE” (THEY LEARNED GREEK, IN OTHER WORDS), THEY ALSO CHANGED THEIR WRITING (THEY STARTED WRITING, THEREFORE, WITH THE EXISTING ANCIENT GREEK WRITING THAT ALREADY EXISTED IN VIOTIA). ALTHOUGH THIS STATEMENT WAS MADE BY HERODOTUS, THE TRANSLATORS, SUBSEQUENTLY, PROVIDED THE TRANSLATION [MEANING] THAT THE LOCAL GREEK VIOTES AND NOT THE PHOENICIAN EMIGRANTS CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE AND WRITING AND ADOPTED THE PHOENICIAN! THIS GENERALLY INCOHERENT REFERENCE TO THE ALPHABET, AS IT HAS BEEN SAVED, HAS BEEN OBVIOUSLY ALTERED AND MEDDLED WITH, WHO KNOWS BY WHOM AND WHEN. LET US LOOK AT THE SUSPICIOUS CONTINUATION OF THE TEXT, AS IT HAS ARRIVED TO US:
AROUND THEM (THE PHOENICIANS) LIVED AT THAT PLACE DURING THAT YEAR (YEAR OF CADMUS) IONIAN GREEKS, WHO RECEIVED THROUGH CONTACT OR THROUGH TEACHINGS BY THE PHOENICIANS THEIR WRITINGS, CHANGING THEIR OWN WRITING WHICH THEY USED LITTLE. WHEN USING THIS WRITING AND SINCE THIS WRITING HAD BEEN INTRODUCED TO GREECE BY PHOENICIANS, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN.
IONIAN GREEKS LIVING AROUND THE PHOENICIANS RECEIVED THE PHOENICIAN WRITING AND, USING A FEW OF ITS LETTERS, SINCE THEY HAD ALTERED THEM AND SINCE IT WAS JUST, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN-TO PAY TRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE WHO BROUGHT IT TO GREECE, IS A STRIKING CONTRADICTION. CONSEQUENTLY, ONE CAN ASSUME THAT THIS IS A FORGED PARAGRAPH, HYPOTHETICALLY EXPLANATORY, WHICH AIMS TO REDUCE THE PREVIOUS STATEMENT “…AS THEY CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE, THEY CHANGED THEIR WRITING,” TO AN UNIMPORTANT STATEMENT. THIS IS HOW THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS SUBSTANTIATED AND IS MAINTAINED AS AN OBVIOUS FORGERY.
IN ADDITION
THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS ESTABLISHED IN EUROPE DURING A TIME, WHEN, AS THE RENOWNED BRITISH CLASSICAL SCHOLAR, S. G. REMBROKE (THE LEGACY OF GREECE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1984) WROTE, “THE PHOENICIANS WERE GIVEN AN INTERMEDIARY ROLE “THAT IS NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL INFORMATION”. A ROLE, IN OTHER WORDS, OF THE TRANSPORTER OF WISDOM AND CIVILIZATION FROM THE “CHOSEN” PEOPLE OF ISRAEL TO THE “UNCIVILIZED” NATIONS, AND SPECIFICALLY THE GREEKS. THIS, OF COURSE, COULD BE FORGIVEN, SINCE THIS WAS ESTABLISHED AROUND THE END OF THE MEDIEVAL AGES, WHEN RELIGIOUS FANATICISM AND BACKWARDNESS HAD REACHED SUCH A POINT THAT THE DAUGHTER OF AGAMEMNON, IPHIGENIA, IS PRESENTED AS THE DAUGHTER OF IEPHTHA; DEUKALION IS PRESENTED (CENTURIES LATER & COPIED & TWISTED,..AS…”NOAH”(!!)???!!!. APPIS IS A CONSUL OF JOSEPH? APOLLO, PRIAMOS, TIRESIAS, AND ORPHEUS: OF MOSES?… THE STORY OF THE OF THE ISRAELITES FROM EGYPT TO PALESTINE, AND OTHER SIMILAR DISTORTIONS IS A VERY BAD & TWISTED COPPY OF THE ARGONAUTS IS THE CROSSING. THE ABOVE ARE NOTED BY REMBROKE.
AND WE CONCLUDE: AT THE TIME, HELLENISM WAS IN COMATOSE SPIRITUAL CONDITION REGARDING NATIONAL AND HISTORICAL AWARENESS, AND THEREFORE TOTALLY UNABLE TO DEFEND ITS HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION, AND FOR THIS REASON COULD NOT REACT AND DID NOT REACT. TODAY, IT IS WITH OURTOLERANCE THAT OUR LANGUAGE IS DEEMED “INDO-EUROPEAN,” AND OUR WRITING “PHOENICIAN,” OUR ATHENA AND OUR SOCRATES ARE PRESENTED AS “BLACKS,” AND OUR CIVILIZATION AS “AFRICAN.” WHAT SPIRITUAL SITUATION ARE WE IN NOW? [I.E., WHAT’S OUR EXCUSE THIS TIME?]
NOTES: ON PAGE 13745 OF THIS ARTICLE, IS A PICTURE OF A PIECE OF SHARD [POTTERY] DATED TO 6,000 B.C., FOUND ON THE ISLET OF YOURA OF THE NORTH SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX WITH GREEK ALPHABETICAL WRITINGS. ONE CAN SEE THE LETTERS “A,” “Y,” & “D” [ALPHA, EEPSILON, AND DELTA ], ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS OF THE CLASSICAL ALPHABETS. THIS FINDING PROVES THAT THE GREEK ALPHABET IS OLDER THAN THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS. THIS FINDING ALSO COMPLETELY AND DEFINITELY DISPROVES THE FALSE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS GOT THEIR ALPHABET FROM THE PHOENICIANS, WHO MADE THEIR HISTORICAL APPEARANCE AROUND 1300 B.C., IN OTHER WORDS ABOUT 4,500 TO 5,000 YEARS AFTER THE CREATION OF THIS PLAQUE AT YOURA. ON PAGE 13747 ARE SHOWN LETTER-SYMBOLS FROM THE PROTO-CYCLADIC VESSELS OF MILOS (MID-THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.). ONE CAN DISTINGUISH THE [LETTER] “X” [CHI] TO THE LEFT AND THE [LETTER] “N” TO THE RIGHT. THESE LETTERS ARE WRITTEN JUST AS THE LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET ARE WRITTEN TODAY.
THE SPEECH AND CLEAR CONFESSION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT(ALEXANDROS O MEGAS) TO BOTH ATHENIANS AND PERSIANS.
-Had I not greatly at heart the Common welfare of Greece I should not have come to tell you; but I am myself Greek by descent, (“te gar Hellên genos eimi tôrchaion“) and I would not willingly see Greece exchange freedom for slavery. …If you prosper in this war, forget not to do something for my freedom; consider the risk I have run, out of zeal for the Greek Cause,….I am Alexander of Macedon‘
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander the First was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably
FIRSTLY WE INTEND TO EXAMINE THE ANCIENT EVIDENCE ON THE WAY THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS WERE DEFINING THEMSELVES IN REFERENCE TO THEIR OWN IDENTITY. CONCERNING THEIR OWN BELIEFS ABOUT THEMSELVES WE SHALL REVIEW THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMING FROM THE ANCIENT SOURCES, BOTH LITERARY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL. A. THE LITERARY EVIDENCE THE FIRST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMES FROM THE MACEDONIAN KING ALEXANDER DURING HIS SPEECH TO ATHENEANS. ESSENTIALLY WE HAVE A CLEAR CONFESSION THAT ALEXANDER CONSIDERS HIMSELF A GREEK. -HAD I NOT GREATLY AT HEART THE COMMON WELFARE OF GREECE I SHOULD NOT HAVE COME TO TELL YOU; BUT I AM MYSELF GREEK BY DESCENT, (“TE GAR HELLÊN GENOS EIMI TÔRCHAION“) AND I WOULD NOT WILLINGLY SEE GREECE EXCHANGE FREEDOM FOR SLAVERY. …IF YOU PROSPER IN THIS WAR, FORGET NOT TO DO SOMETHING FOR MY FREEDOM; CONSIDER THE RISK I HAVE RUN, OUT OF ZEAL FOR THE GREEK CAUSE,….I AM ALEXANDER OF MACEDON‘1
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander I was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably… “
What the word EUROPE means?
..THEN one knows..What the word ΕΥΡΩΠΗ (EUROPE) means!!! ..Here: Europa being abducted by Zeus disguised as a bull, detail from an Attic (Attica was – & still is the county of Athens) krater(, 5th century; in the Tarquinia National MuseumFrom the (ΛΕΞΙΣ)-LEΞΙΣ(=Word) ops(ωψ)……comes the unknown maybe complex ευρωπός (Europe = WIDE+ViIEW), but also well-known to us bottleneck (στενωπός – steno+opos = the narrow passage), and: πρόσωπον–prosopon(= person), ενώπιον – enopion= before etc.
After all this opens the way to and from … Europe, as an element of beauty, which etymologically is only the female of “euryopa” we saw in the beginning.
THE ISOLATED WORD IS “ΕΥΡΎΟΠΑ” – “EVRYOPA” MEANING ONE WHO HAS WIDE EYES, WITH WHOM SUPERVISE EVERYTHING, THAT PERFORM AS THE “PANTEPOPTES”(=TOTAL CONTROLERS)..
In our mind now comes the Kyklop(s)-Κύκλωψ (κύκλος+ωψ) – kyclos=circle + ops) = one who has a round eye.Ex: Optic etc.
And that in turn reminds us of the Modern Hellenic the Word: presviops – From: πρέσβυς =(=γέρον=geron=elder, as geriatric ) + ωψ-ops [=sight, up vision)] = one who suffers from (πρεσβυωπία)-presbyopia, ie. By inability to clearly distinguish near objects, which is common in the elderly, and the SA (Ancient) myopic (who constricts eyelids to public).The surprises continue as it is clear from the myo (= close lips) produced another series of words, such as the little-known myzo (= drink with closed lips, suck, suck), which we find among others, Xenophon (Snooze . 4,5,27):
THE ABOVE SCIENCES ARE INTERRELATED WITH THE ANCIENT HELLENIC LANGUAGE AND ARE INTO EACH ANOTHER LIKE RUSSIAN BAMPOUSKES. COMBINE ALPHABET ENCLOSING NUMBERS AND MUSICAL TONES WITH THESE 4 DISCIPLINES.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2.THE PYTHAGORAS HEARD THE HARMONY (MUSIC) OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERES THUS SPEAK A LANGUAGE THAT HAS TO DO WITH THE FLOW OF THE UNIVERSE.
THE ENORMOUS IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC FOR THE PYTHAGOREANS
<<<<<<<<PYTHAGORAS AND MUSIC>>>>>>>
So it said that Pythagoras, and practice once, with the help spondiakou State played a piper, extinguished the rage of an intoxicated young Tafromenitou, who during the night attacked with loud voices against his mistress at the door of his rival by drawing to set fire to the house. And so, being in a tizzy and he is steady due to the Phrygian melody lumen. This passion has rapidly healed Pythagoras, who happened at that moment, at an inappropriate time, to deal with the laws governing the stars. Then said the piper to turn the Phrygian melody spondaic, with which the young man, having calmed down, returned immediately and decency in his house, and just now not only tolerated by Pythagoras or admonition, but with fury and insults He had refused to meet him.
Ancient Greek Language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The Ancient Greek language is a mathematical masterpiece that will try to approach
Written text 7270 YEARS THAT FOUND IN KASTORIA overturns ALL!
GREEKS discover ALPHABET
Once again is the Phoenician Deception Revealed!
The MYTH about the … “Phoenician … Alphabet” !!! The first written text in Europe – In 1998 Professor. G.. Hourmouziadis said the publication of the text is impossible!
It is evident that any official publication would upset the entire history of discovery on scene of writing, imprinting the articulate voice of man with letters (and not ideograms) and even in the territory of Greece, in the territory of Europe.
It overturned ie the theory that the Greeks were they, light from the east (from Babylonian, Sumerian, palm trees, etc. !!) And we had to fill the big gap of four thousand years, ie when the Eastern peoples expressed by ideograms The Greeks wrote with syllables as today. It is obvious that indicates early stage thought and culture.
According to today’s theory – taught in Greek schools – the Greeks learned writing around 800 BC “by the …..Phoenicians”(!!).
What they can NOT explain to us how the Ancient Greek language may have 800,000 entries, first language on the planet, when the next has 250,000 entries.
How can the Homeric epics were written around 800 BC ie when they learned to write Greek?
Suddenly encountered the ancient Greeks on the historical scene in the 8th century BC, with the language of hundreds of thousands of entries, which is required to create linguistic prehistory least 10,000 years (according to official American linguistic exposure).
The English language is 1,600 years old and has 48% Greek words with a total of 240,000 entries. The German is 1,700 years old and has 250,000 entries with Greek words 46%.
What troubles the historians, or because they were not lost in the dust of history and the Greeks as the Canaanites, the Sumerians, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, etc .;
The oldest organized written text found in the land of Europe and dates from before 7254 years (!) Today revealed the lake of Kastoria.
It is a wooden plaque engraved with an unknown message from a Neolithic fisherman or dealer limniaiou prehistoric settlement in dispilio, written two thousand years before the written findings of the Sumerians and four thousand years before cretomycenean clay tablets of linear writing. The shocking announcement made yesterday during the archaeological conference for this year’s excavation work in Northern Greece Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Mr. George Hourmouziadis, the document revealed during excavation last summer.
The wooden sign with the inscription dated accurately by the method of carbon-14 in the “Democritus” in 5260 (!) BC, at the end of the Middle Neolithic period.
Mr. Hourmouziadis scientific arguments concluded that the engravings of the inscription, which is organized into verses should not be decorative, but “letters” that can be integrated into the palaioeuropean system. Linear B tablets from Pylos. Used by Ventris to decipher language as Greek. 13th century BC
Tip: Astronomy = astir + Law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern weometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms. Tip 2: Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres So to speak the Ancient Greek language that has to do with the flow of the universe. It`s is the only language, that can be used for H / Y due mathimatica and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=Position: Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc if now these words to translate in English are totally unrelated.
That is not the Alphabet to be copied from somewhere else seen from that in the year 900 before the beginning of the Christian dating, Homer already available to the 6.5 million primary words (present tense and first person singular) that if the multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born. IF we compare now eg the English language has 80,000 words, of which 80% are Greek as we inform the University of Wales, and measure that this sterile language evolves 1000 years, we effortlessly draw the conclusion that Homer receives a language which has a depth in time 100,000 years ago, 500,000 years ago? Who knows… But the ultimate proof is mathimatikotita itself of which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that Creation uses mathematics, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1). Also the same mathematics have not been anywhere else as you read the following article by clicking HERE But before the “crypt” is the “means”, ie the connection of words with meanings. We said earlier that foreign dialects defined by agreement, ie some agreed that the subject of so and so will call it “X”, which makes the languages sterile, so they can give birth to new words, so there mathimatikotita therefore can not describe new concepts that exist in nature, resulting in the brain where it can not describe through new words new meanings remain in the dark, so the neurons of the brain does not generate new as opposed to those who use the Greek. How could eg the English or the French or the X, Y with a word that has 10 concepts to describe accurately and therefore clearly a deeper meaning? Especially the multiple aspects of this? Can not. Here’s why it all started here. It means then is the connection between the mark and the signified, that the word itself is created in a way that describes the meaning esokleinei inside. Example: the naming of the word curry (Walnut) comes from an observation of nature (as all words), ie when two horned animals (Rams, goats etc.) tra.kar.oun with their ker.ata hear the “crack” or “fem”, the sound he gave the name “horn” (horn) the horn gave the name hold or skull (head) and the nicknames of this curry (small head). Curry (nut) looks amazing to the human head and the interior of the brain. Y is the root of the verb YO (rain) where Y is concavity (or convexity) that mates something, rain (water element) enters (nest) into the earth. The musical – numeric alphabet creates musical – mathematical words that describe relevant concepts, which are derived from observation of nature ie of Creation, but the question is how many millennia may be needed to create this perfect mathematical complex letters are numbers and yet musical tones and words that all the numbers and music tones hide inside Except for complex musical harmonies, concepts which are not random at all but after extensive observation of nature? Let’s analyze grammatically the word ΕΡΩΣ (“EROS”=”LOVE”) Ε= Εκπορευόμενη Δύναμις (του φωτός) = emanating Force (light) Ρ= Ροή πρωτίστως Φωτοενεργειών, = flow primarity Photoenergy Ω= Ο πλανήτης – γήινο πεδίο The planet = The Earth Field Σ= Το εσωτερικόν θεώμενον = The inner being viewed
The word ΕΡΩΣ – EROS O + S is the flow of the power of light (life-knowledge) from the universe to the earthly plane and into the depths of ourselves. In Hesiod’s Theogony the update is one of the three authorities (Chaos, Gaia, Eros). Light encloses the knowledge, life, beauty, beauty, serenity, happiness, goodness, love, harmony, etc ..
Eros is not only that which exists between a man and a woman if CHAOS EROS GAIA preexisting human. EROS between the universe to the earth, harmony of nature eg rain and vegetation, even in combination with the human element, eg a man and a beautiful evening sunset or generally anything that offers harmony and therefore bliss. One aspect of Eros is also the harmony between man and woman which yields the holy genesis. The harmony stems from the duality of 0/1, Masculine (1) and the Feminine (c). The 0/0 or 1/1 not create because it is cosmic disharmony. The word then “Eros” means nothing aphrodisiac (sexual) but a higher spiritual state, do not forget that the word priest comes from there. Arguably, therefore our Antisthenes recalls “PRINCIPLE OF WISDOM The NAMES EPISKEPSIS”.
The Greek alphabet became the basis for the creation of the Latin alphabet. Indeed, the Latin alphabet comes from the Etruscan alphabet which in turn, and in line with the prevailing view today, based on the Greek.
The development of the alphabet The Alexandrian grammar classifying sixteen letters in the first Greek alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R the S, T and Y. Later followed the I, P and X. By adding the letters G, O, D, H and Z was born the Ionic alphabet. In ancient Greek inscriptions found three variants of the alphabet: the Aeolian or Dorian, the Attic and Ionic.
The wind and the Doric alphabet is found in inscriptions of Thera, Milos, Peloponnese, Boeotia and Great Greece, in Sicily and Southern Italy. The Attic alphabet (the Attic letters) we find the inscriptions in Attica before the era of Euclid (402 BC). The Ionic alphabet is found in inscriptions in Ionian Sea and in Asia Minor.
Other uses The letters of the Greek alphabet used in Greek numerals. The Greek alphabet is widely used as a symbol tank for use in science or as internationally agreed symbols (eg: π=3,14) or for any suitable use. Like the Latin alphabet, the Greek used for the count (especially when you are interested in our series), eg All 24 rhapsodies of Odyssey numbered with small letters of the alphabet, while the Iliad to uppercase. Particularly in Astronomy the Greek alphabet used to count the stars, ie alpha Centauri is the brightest star of the constellation Centaurus, while Omega is the 24th in brightness. After the end of Greek letters follow Latin and then followed by Arabic numerals.
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Xenophon Zolotas
Prof. Xenophon Zolotas is a well-known Greek economist. The speeches that follows were given to a foreign audience, at the closing session of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, on September 26, 1957 and on October 2, 1959. Prof. Zolotas held the positions of the Governor of the bank of Greece and the Governor of the Funds for Greece, at that time.
“I always wished to address this Assembly in Greek, but I realized that it would have been indeed Greek to all present in this room. I found out, however, that I could make my address in Greek which would still be English to everybody. With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I shall do it now, using with the exception of articles and prepositions only Greek words.”
First speech
“Kyrie(=Lord),
I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and catastrophe.
In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a democratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.”
Second speech
“Kyrie,
It is Zeus’ anathema on our epoch for the dynamism of our economies and the heresy of our economic methods and policies that we should agonise between the Scylla of numismatic plethora and the Charybdis of economic anaemia.
It is not my idiosyncrasy to be ironic or sarcastic but my diagnosis would be that politicians are rather cryptoplethorists. Although they emphatically stigmatize numismatic plethora, energize it through their tactics and practices.
Our policies have to be based more on economic and less on political criteria.
Our gnomon has to be a metron between political, strategic and philanthropic scopes. Political magic has always been antieconomic.
In an epoch characterised by monopolies, oligopolies, menopsonies, monopolistic antagonism and polymorphous inelasticities, our policies have to be more orthological. But this should not be metamorphosed into plethorophobia which is endemic among academic economists.
Numismatic symmetry should not antagonize economic acme.
A greater harmonization between the practices of the economic and numismatic archons is basic.
Parallel to this, we have to synchronize and harmonize more and more our economic and numismatic policies panethnically.
These scopes are more practical now, when the prognostics of the political and economic barometer are halcyonic.
The history of our didymous organisations in this sphere has been didactic and their gnostic practices will always be a tonic to the polyonymous and idiomorphous ethnical economics. The genesis of the programmed organisations will dynamize these policies. I sympathise, therefore, with the aposties and the hierarchy of our organisations in their zeal to programme orthodox economic and numismatic policies, although I have some logomachy with them.
I apologize for having tyrannized you with my hellenic phraseology.
In my epilogue, I emphasize my eulogy to the philoxenous autochthons of this cosmopolitan metropolis and my encomium to you, Kyrie, and the stenographers.”
Mr Xenophon Zolotas
ETYMOLOGY OF SOME ANCIENT GREEK NAMES.
The word “Macedonia” is of Greek origin. The etymology is: The resident of the ancient area “Makednon” in ancient Greek called “Makednos” (eg, see. Herodotus’ Histories, Book 1, §56: «Makednon kaleomenon”). The root “Mak-” comes from “makos”, the Doric type Atticus “length” (which is the modern Greek word). In short, the “Makednos” meant “tall man”. In the new Greek the word “long”. The same root is the source of the English prefix “macro-“, which identifies several words to mean long (macro; biotic, macro instruction;) or large (macro; cosm, macro; molecule).
The name Alexander (“the Great”) is also of Greek origin. The “Alexander”, consists of two parts in Greek: the “alex-” is a prefix meaning “protector” so we have modern Greek words “bulletproof (protects from bullets),” lightning rod “(protects from lightning), and” parachute “(protect from falling) . and “Andreas” is the general word “man.” Homer Odyssey begins as follows: “Man ennepe muse Polytropon me …” etc. In English the root “andro-” passed in words like “androgynous”, “android”, “Andrew”, and a few more.
Briefly, the “Alexander” means “protector of men”
But any other known ancient Macedonian name is also Greek origin! For example, take the name of Philip, Alexander’s father, started the expansion of the ancient Macedonian nation. And this is Greek. In Greek consists of two parts: The prefix “pro” meaning “one who likes” or “having a friendly relationship with.” This root passed into English words such as “philosophy”, “philanthropy”, and even in “Philadelphia” and “Philippines”.
And the suffix “-ippos” ie. “Horse”. This root passed into Latin as “hippo-” (the initial h is the performance of the pronunciation of the Greek CSCE), and from there into English words such as “hippopotamus” (hippopotamus; literally “river horse”) and “hippocampus” (hippocampus).
Briefly, “Philip” means “friend of horses” PHILIP From the Greek name Philip (Philippos) which means “friend of horses”, composed of the elements friend (philos) “friend” and horse (hippos) “horse”(Ex. Hipppodrome, Hippocrate etc.). This was the name of five kings of Macedon, including Philip II the father of Alexander the Great. The name appears in the New Testament belonging to two people who are regarded as saints. First, one of the twelve apostles, and second, an early figure in the Christian church known as Philip the Deacon.
ALEXANDER Latinized form of the Greek name Alexander (Alexandros), which meant “defending men” from Greek Alexis (alexo+andros=of the man:genetivus of aner) “to defend, help” and man (aner-(ἀνήρ`= man)) “andros” (-“ander” in Latin much later). In Greek mythology this was another name of the hero Paris, and it also belongs to several characters in the New Testament. However, the most famous bearer was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. In the 4th century BC he built a huge empire out of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India. There he spred with the MOST civilized manners the Greek Civilization & Culture.
He was Highily educated in Philosophy, Astronomy, Music & Martial strategic tactics(the latest from his father). Due to his fame, and later medieval tales involving him, use of his name spread throughout Europe. AMYNTAS Derived from Greek amyntor (amyntor) meaning “defender”. This was the name of several kings of Macedon.
Agathosthenis <good courage + = good (on actions and intellect) + power = the person holding power to think and to do good. Agoraklis <purchase + market + = glory = glory he has fame in the market Agorakritos <= purchase about judgment: he judged from the market Athanasios <a (withdrawal) + at death – death = immortal (gilts. Immortality, Euthanasia etc;) Athena Atheonoa = <a (superlative) + + God = mind that from the supreme mind (the goddess Athena, xepidise from the head of Zeus). The original name was Athena and is Pelasgic origin Catherine <del + = always clean cleared Alexander <Alexia + man (b. The man) = defender, protector men (gilts. Alexandra)
Its complicated by p. Alexis’ spurn – protect “; + a man, so Alexandros originally meant” one who protects the people. ” Somehow many associate some verb Alexis to remove, giving Alexandros the importance of “he who repels men ‘. The importance of this verb is “protect” and we find eg in ancient anthroponymia Aleximvrotos (from vrotos) and Alexinor (ἀνήρ`=the man) which mean “the protector of mortals.” Note that as they have shown great linguists, the name Alexandros is ancient, as already answered in Mycenaean Greek.
Amaryllis = The Shining(from: Amarysso-αμαρυσσω=shine, radiate Amphiaraos <amfo + ara + st (suffix) = one who mitigates the curse – misfortune
Amphibios(Amphi+Bios=life) Anargyros <a (withdrawal) + silver (money) = a nonprofit (gilts. ANARGYRON) Anastasios <at + stasis = the reborn, the eternal (gilts. Anastasia) Andreas <man (b. Man) = the brave, real man, brave warrior Andromache <man (b. The man) + fight = the fighting men (ie. The great and fearless warrior) (gilts. Andromache) Andronikos <man (b. The man) win + = one who conquers men (gilts. Andro+niki) Antigonus <+ instead gignomai (born) = the worthy with generator father (gilts. Antigone) Apollo <a (superlative) + + pole las (light bulbs – they lampsis) = one who shines everywhere. According to others: a (withdrawal) many + = one who does not belong to the many Virtue <a (withdrawal) + = risis unparalleled, perfect, unique Aristarchus <archo excellent + = one who initiates (heads) of optimum Aristides <+ excellent OPD (vague: I saw) = the best on the face, the very good looking Aristomachos <excellent + = the battle honors fighting (gilts. Aristomachos) Aristonicus <+ excellent victory = one who manages the perfect victory (gilts. Aristonicus) Aristotle <+ excellent end (purpose) = the perfectionist, one who intends to excellent Aristophanes <+ excellent Fimios (say, trumpets, spread word) = one who speaks excellent Artemis <air + = intersect that cuts – crosses the air Archimedes <start + midomai (meditate) = the ruler of thought Aspasia <= female kissing the arch. adjective aspasios = happy, happy (male. Aspasios) Venus <foam + dito (= emerge) = emerging from the foam (sea) Basil <vasielefs = one who belongs to the king (gilts. Basel) Speedwell (Veronica) <from the ancient Macedonian name Fereniki> fetch = + victory that brings victory George <Ca + work = the cultivator of the land, he produced work in the land, the farmer (gilts. Georgia) Glafkonomi <Owl (or glaucous) + Act = brilliant – wise law Gregory <= quickly awake, sleepless revved Damocles <township glory + = the doxazomenos by the municipality (people), the popular Damofili <township friend + = girlfriend municipality (people), that he loves his people Despina <= overtop dominant, lady Demaratus <township + weigh (= heave) = one who elevates (morally) the municipality (population) Dimaretis <+ municipality virtue (> a + risis) = one who (with his deeds) benefit the municipality (people) (gilts. Dimareti) Dimitra <da (Doric formula of “land” is a variant of “ca”) + mother = mother earth Dimitrios = the dedicated to the goddess Demeter Democritus <township judgment: + = one who is from the municipality (population) Dimoniki <township + win = win municipality (population) Demosthenes <township vigor + = one who gives strength to the municipality (population) Dimostratos <+ troop municipality = one who is called the municipality (population) Popular (see. Damofili) Diagoras <Zeus (b. Zeus) + plead one running a speech by the power of Zeus Dikaiarchou <archo righteous + = one who is righteous ruler Dikaioklis <righteous glory + = one who glorifies the law Dikaiopolis <righteous + polis = the righteous citizen Diogenes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the maiden originating from Jupiter Diocles <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the glory glorifies Jupiter Diomedes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + midomai (think =) = the thinking to the will of Zeus Dionysus <Zeus (born of Zeus) + = the mind come from the mind of Zeus Peace = eiro (hook) Helen <elon (B vague weigh = destroy) + nafs (ISO. The NDI = ship) = one for which ships destroyed Eleftherios <El (name of the Olympians) + ef + summer = one who with his coming will mean better and offered to the gods, in another interpretation:> Elefsis (> el + fair + quake – move) + courage = he who with courage and strength of the gods move everything in a good way Hermes <EPDM (= ratio) = one who takes the floor Hermogenes <Hermes (b. Hermes) + = the maiden originating from Mercury genus Home <through + God = one rushes in (home) Evangelia <ef + ad = good news, good news Evangelos <ef = + angel messenger who brings good news Eyboulos <+ ef parliament (House) = having the benevolent desire Eunomia <ef Law + = one who defines good laws (gilts. Eunomia) Eupolis <+ fair city = good citizen Evridiki <= range + righteous one possessed of great justice (male. Eurydice) Eurycleia <width + = glory that has great glory (male. Evryklis) Eurynome <= range + Law that knows many laws (male. Eurynome) Happiness <+ fair chance that has good luck (male. Eftychios) Zafirios <sapphire (sapphire) = precious (gilts. Zafiria) Zeus <Zeo (= life-giving) + ef = the provider good life Zenobia <Jean (Dorian type of Zeus = Jupiter) + life = that lives thanks to Jupiter Hegesistratos <lead + = army that led the army (male. Igistratos) Ira <day (idiom of the word “earth – earth”). In others, an anagram of the word “air” Herophilus <Ira + = girlfriend that loves Hera Heron <Ira + s = he who belongs to Hera Hephaestus <the (increase thanks euphony) + F (Achaean type “to” = light) + istimi (= possess good) = one who is well aware of the fire Theodore <god + gift = one who is a gift from God Thersites <Tarshish = one who is impudent Thrasivoulos <Tarshish + desire = the one who has tharreti (up supercilious) desire Jason <= Iasis therapist Hipparchus <= horse + archo he led the horses Hippodameia <horse + SAMe-oh = one tames horses Hippocrates <horse + territory-oh = those who control horses Hippolyte <= horse + unfasten that releases the horses (male. Hippolytus) Isocrates <= equal + I hold he kept equidistant – equality Calliope <beauty + hole (= hole mouth in a sense) = the sweet-voiced Kleovoulos <glory + House = he who wants glory Kleogenis <glory + = genus-derived glorified genus Kosmas <comely = he who is kind and kalotropos Laodice <people + trial = trial people Laomideia <+ people = midomai the thought of people Leonidas <lion + = he himself like the lion Lysistrata <unfasten (future. Solve) + = army that dissolves the army Maria <glitter (= lighten) = one sparkles [-> Mary (S48 Iliad, Odyssey l326) -> Maria (exevraismos the Greek name)] (male. Marios) Mede <= midomai the thinking (gilts. Midia) Nikareti <= victory + virtue that beats with virtue (male. Nikaretos) Nikiforos <victory fetch = + he made wins Nikolaos <win + people = one who gives victory to the people (female does not exist in ancient Greek. The new Greek is Nicoletta, epanellinismos the Frankish Nikolette) Xenokratis <stranger hold + = one who keeps (away) foreign Xenophanes <stranger fainymi + = one who resembles foreign Odefssefs <betake + = essomai those found in the street, the Wandering Homer <OMMA + APD = he who loses his eye, the blind Orestes <term stand + = one who is on the mountain, the man of the mountain, the Hillbilly Periandros <+ on man (b. The man) = one who is above the other men Pericles <+ on = the glory yperdoxos, the amply Peter <= the stone stable, the steadfast Penelope <pini (thread) + lepo (unfold) = the weaver Plato <width + s (= existing) = one who is broad (The philosopher Plato took this name because she had broad chest and forehead. Originally his name was Aristocles. Pleistonikis <pleistos (superlative of “long”) + win = one who has many victories, the POLYNIKI Poliarchos <city archo + = one who initiates the town Poseidon <potos (= river) + yielding one running gives rivers Prodikos <pre trial + = the chief justice Protagoras <first market + = one who is first in the market (ie. In common) Pythagoras <Pytho (= update -> Pytheas) market + = one who informs the market Sophia <= wisdom, erudition, profound knowledge Sophocles <wise glory + = glorious for its wisdom Spyridon <spyris (b. Spyridon = psarokofino) = one who makes baskets for fish Stratoklis <military glory + = the glorious soldier Stylianos <column = constant as the column, that one can rely on it (gilts. Styliani) Socrates <wise + keep one running observes wisely Sotirios <= savior savior Telemachus <tele battle + = one who gives battles from afar Phaedra <= blithe cheerful Filareti <friend + = virtue that loves virtue (male. Filaret) Philip <horse friend + = one who loves horses Philodemus <township friend + = one who loves the municipality (population) Philostratus <army friend + = one who loves the army Chariklia <thanks + = the famous glory for the sake of ANTIGONUS From the Greek Antigonus (Antigonos) which meant “against the ancestor”, from anti (anti) “against” and parent (goneus) “ancestor”. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals. After Alexander died, he took control of most of Asia Minor. ARCHELAUS Latinized form of the Greek name Archelaos (Archelaos), which meant “master of the people” from Aarhus (archos) “master” and Laos (laos) “people”. This was the name of a son of Herod the Great. He ruled over Judea, Samaria and Idumea. ARISTOTLE From the Greek name Aristotle (Aristoteles) which meant “the best purpose”, derived from excellent (aristos) “best” and the end (telos) “purpose, aim”. This was the name of a Greek philosopher of the 4th century BC who made lasting contributions to Western thought, including the fields of logic, metaphysics, ethics and biology. KLEITOS Means “splendid, famous” in Greek. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals.
CLEOPATRA FROM THE GREEK NAME CLEOPATRA (KLEOPATRA) WHICH MEANT “GLORY OF THE FATHER”, DERIVED FROM GLORY (KLEOS) “GLORY” COMBINED WITH FATHER (PATROS) “OF THE FATHER”. THIS WAS THE NAME OF QUEENS OF EGYPT FROM THE PTOLEMAIC ROYAL FAMILY, INCLUDING CLEOPATRA VII, THE MISTRESS OF BOTH JULIUS CAESAR AND MARK ANTONY. AFTER BEING DEFEATED BY AUGUSTUS SHE COMMITTED SUICIDE BY ALLOWING HERSELF TO BE BITTEN BY AN ASP. SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY ‘ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA’ (1606) IS BASED ON HER.
THE MACEDONIAN NAME PERDIKKAS OBVIUSLY MEANS “FAMOUSLY JUST” [CA (T) – + RIGHTEOUS], BUT TO ACCEPT IT WE MUST “PROVE” SOMEHOW THE DOUBLING OF THE LETTER “K” IN THE THEME “TRIAL”, MEANING “JUSTICE”.
HELLENIC QUEST CALLED AN E-LEARNING PROGRAM THAT GREEK AS CNN BEGAN DISTRIBUTING WORLDWIDE AND INTENDED INITIALLY FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS AND SPANISH SPEAKERS. THE TEACHING METHOD IS TO VIEW INFORMATION ON THE SCREEN OF THE / Y WHILE SOUND AND MOVING IMAGE TRANSMISSION.
CNN, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY PREPARED A GREEK EASY TUTORIAL AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING US HISPANICS. THE RATIONALE BEHIND THIS INITIATIVE WAS THAT THE GREEK INTENSIFIES RATIONAL SPIRIT, SCRAPES ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENCOURAGES CITIZENS TO CREATIVITY. THE PROGRAM IS PRODUCED BY THE LARGE CORPORATION THE H / Y APPLE, O CHAIRMAN OF WHICH JOHN SCULLY SAID: WE DECIDED TO PUSH THE GREEK TUTORIAL, BECAUSE OUR SOCIETY NEEDS A TOOL THAT WILL ALLOW TODISCOVER SO FAR. IN OTHER WORDS, THIS IS A MANIFESTATION OF THE TENDENCY TO RETURN TO THE SPIRIT WORLD CULTURE AND LANGUAGE OF THE ANCENT GREEKS. ANOTHER RELATED EVENT: THE ENGLISH BUSINESSMEN MOTIVATE SENIOR EXECUTIVES TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN A SPECIAL MEANING FOR THE AREAS OF ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT COMPANIES. IN THIS CONCLUSION ALREADY LED AFTER BRITISH SPECIAL FINDINGS THAT THE GREEK LANGUAGE REINFORCES THE LOGIC AND STIMULATES LEADERSHIP ABILITIES. SO IT HAS GREAT VALUE, NOT ONLY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO IN ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ..
THESE PROPERTIES OF GREEK LED THE CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY IRMAIN TAKE THE HOARDING OF WEALTH … HEAD OF PROGRAM PLACED THE LINGUIST –ELLINISTRIA- MAC NTONALI AND TEACHERS E BRUNNER AND PAKARI. IN THE H/ Y IMYKO WERE EVALUATED 6 MILLION VERBAL FORMULAS OF THE ANCIENT GREEK O LANGUAGE WHEN ENGLISH HAS A TOTAL OF 490,000 WORDS AND 300 … 000 TECHNICAL TERMS, IE AS A LANGUAGE IS ONLY 1/100 OF OUR OWN. IN IMYKO CATEGORIZED 8,000 4,000 ANCIENT GREEK WRITINGS AND THE WORK CONTINUES. TALKING ABOUT IT PROFESSOR BRUNNER SAID: ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR THE HOARDING OF WORDS OF GREEK RESPOND: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS. AND OUR CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE THE HELLENIQUE=GREEK) CULTURE. THE PROMOTERS OF THE PROGRAM ESTIMATE THAT THE GREEK VERBAL TYPES WILL REACH THE 90 MILLION, COMPARED WITH NINE MILLION LATIN. INTEREST IN THE GREEK RESULTED FROM THE RECORDING OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENTISTS THAT THE H / PC ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPT AS SIGN LANGUAGE ONLY THE GREEK.
ALL OTHER LANGUAGES FEATURED SEMANTIC. SIGN LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH THE SIGNIFIER, THAT IS THE WORD, AND THE SIGNIFIED, THAT IS, THE WORD EXPRESSES (THING, IDEA, STATE), HAVE AMONG THEIR PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP. WHILE SEMANTIC IS THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH ARBITRARILY DEFINED THAT AMERICAN THING (SIGNIFIED) MEANT BY AM (SIGNIFIER). IN OTHER WORDS, THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE ONLY LANGUAGE WHOSE WORDS HAVE PRIMOGENITURE, WHILE IN ALL OTHER, WORDS ARE SYMMATIKES MEAN, THAT IS SOMETHING, JUST BECAUSE IT ‘AGREED’ AMONG THOSE WHO USE IT. ALL OF THE WORDS IN GREEK MEANS EG THE WORD ENTHUSIASM = EN+THEO – ΕΝ-ΘΕΏ (=IN-GOD) GEOMETRY = EARTH + COUNT – ΓAIA +ΜΕΤΡΏ – GAI+METRO
ANTHROPOS(=MAN = THE INARTICULATE (THE ARTICULATED REASON)(ΆΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ = Ο ΆΝΑΡΘΡΩΝ (Ο ΑΡΘΡΏΝΩΝ ΛΌΓΟ).. WE SAY CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORD-THING, WHICH IS NONEXISTENT IN OTHER LANGUAGES.
THE MOST PERFECT IMYKOS PROGRAMS KNOWLEDGE AND NEWTON REPRESENT THE VERBAL FORMULAS OF INTEGRALS IN GREEK AND IN PERFECT REPRESENTATIONAL SHAPES, WHICH CAN NOT DO IN OTHER LANGUAGES. THIS IS BECAUSE THE GREEK HAS A MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS THE HARMONIOUS GEOMETRICAL DISPLAY. <> PARTICULARLY USEFUL ARE THE GREEK SUFFIXES AS: TELE, LANDI = … LAND, GEO … NANO, MICRO, MEGA, PURPOSE … .ISMOS, ELECTRO …., CYCLO …., TUNER …., MACRO …., SMALL …., TRAY …., WRITES … LETTER … PLUS … … SYM, ETC .. EXAMPLE: THE KNOWN TO ALL CD = COMPACT DISK = DISK SYMPAKTOMENOS COMPUTERS CONSIDER THE GREEK LANGUAGE “NOT MARGINAL ‘, IE THAT ONLY IN THAT THERE ARE NO LIMITS AND SO IT IS NECESSARY TO NEW DISCIPLINES SUCH AS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRONICS, THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS. THESE SCIENCES ONLY IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE FIND MENTAL EXPRESSIONS THEY NEED, WITHOUT WHICH SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT IS UNABLE TO PROCEED. FOR THESE REASONS THE SPANISH MEPS SOUGHT TO INTRODUCE GREEK AS THE OFFICIAL EUROPEAN UNION BECAUSE TO SPEAK OF A UNITED EUROPE WITHOUT THE GREEK IS LIKE TALKING TO A BLIND MAN ABOUT COLORS.
OF COURSE, IT CAN`T THAT ALL SUDDENLY IT BECOMES ‘OUT OF NOWHERE’ TO DISPLAY A HOMER AND WRITTEN TWO LITERARY MASTERPIECES, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT LONG AGO SHOULD HAVE BEEN A LANGUAGE (AND WRITING) HIGH LEVEL. INDEED, FROM THE ANCIENT GREEK SECRETARIAT KNOW THAT HOMER WAS NOT THE FIRST BUT THE LAST AND MOST FAMOUS OF A LONG LINE OF EPIC POETS, WHOSE NAMES HAVE SURVIVED (KREOFYLOS, PRODIKOS, ARKTINOS, ANTIMACHUS, KINAITHON, CALLIMACHUS) AND THE NAMES OF THEIR WORKS (FORONIS, FOKAIS, DANAIS, NEGRESS, PROGENY, OEDIPAL, THEBES …) HAVE NOT YET BEEN RESCUED THEMSELVES THEIR PROJECTS. POSSIBLE CREATION OF NEW WORDS THE POWER OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS ITS ABILITY TO BE MOLDED NOT ONLY PREFIX OR CONCLUSIVE BUT VARYING IN SOME CASES UP TO THE ROOT OF THE WORD (EG, “RUN” AND “WHEEL” EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE FROM THE SAME FAMILY DIFFER SLIGHTLY THE ROOT). THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS QUALIFIED TO CREATE COMPOUND WORDS WITH INCREDIBLE POTENTIAL USES, MULTIPLYING THE VOCABULARY. THE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY WEBSTER’S (WEBSTER’S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY) SAYS: “THE LATIN AND GREEK, ESPECIALLY THE GREEK, AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF MATERIAL FOR CREATING SCIENTIFIC TERMS,” WHILE THE FRENCH LEXICOGRAPHERS JEAN BOUFFARTIGUE AND ANNE-MARIE DELRIEU EMPHASIZED: “SCIENCE FINDS CONSTANTLY NEW OBJECTS OR CONCEPTS. HE NAMED THEM. THE TREASURE OF THE GREEK ROOTS IN FRONT OF HER AS LONG AS YOU DRAW FROM THERE. IT WOULD BE VERY SURPRISING NOT TO FIND THOSE IN NEED. “ THE FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER, STUNNED IN FRONT OF THE GRANDEUR OF GREEK, HAD DECLARED RELATIVELY: “THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS THE CHARACTERISTIC TO OFFER ON THE WONDERFUL EXPRESSION OF ALL HIERARCHIES WITH A SIMPLE ROTATION OF THE FIRST COMPONENT. ONE HAS ONLY TO PUT A PAN – FIRST – INITIAL OVER- OR ANY OTHER INTENTION IN FRONT OF A SUBJECT. AND IF YOU COMBINE TOGETHER THESE PREFIXES, IT TAKES AN ENDLESS VARIETY OF GRADATIONS. THE PREFIXES ENCLOSED IN THE HAND, NOT AS A SEMANTIC SCALE, WHICH RISES TOWARDS THE SKY OF WORDS. “ IN HOMER’S ILIAD THETIS MOURNING THAT WILL GET THE SON OF KILLING HECTOR “DIONE AND DYSARISTOTOKEIAN IT CALLS”. THE WORD ITSELF IS A DIRGE, DYS + EXCELLENT + WHELP (= CALVE) AND MEANS SUCH ANALYZES ETYMOLOGICUM MEGA “, WHICH GAVE BIRTH TO EVIL EXCELLENT.” A FEW YEARS AGO WAS RELEASED IN SWITZERLAND IN DICTIONARY NONEXISTENT WORDS (DICTIONNAIRE DES MOTS INEXISTANTS) PROPOSING TO REPLACE FRENCH WITH CIRCUMLOCUTIONS MONOLECTIC TERMS FROM THE GREEK. EG ANDROPREIE(=MANACTING), BIOPALESTE, DYSPAREGORETE, ECOGENIARCHE, ELPIDOPHORE(=HOPE+CARRY), GLOSSOCTONIE, PHILOMATHEEM(=LEARNLOVING) TACHYMATHIE(=QUICK LEARNING), THEOPEMPTE ETC. ABOUT 2,000 ENTRIES WITH SCOPE FOR FURTHER ENRICHMENT. NOT FOR CHAUVINISTIC REASONS, BUT TO LEARN SLOWLY ARE UNAWARE OF THE TRUTH!
That is not the Alphabet is copied from elsewhere seen in that in the year 2300 BC by Homer already at the disposal of 6,500,000 primary words (first person singular present tense &) which if you multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born.The Greek language is the only one that can be used for H / Y due mathematical and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=position): Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc etc if now these words the English translation is completely unrelated.
IF WE COMPARE NOW EG THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS 80,000 WORDS, OF WHICH 80% ARE GREEK AS WE INFORM THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES, AND MEASURE THAT THIS STERILE LANGUAGE EVOLVES 1000 YEARS, WE EFFORTLESSLY DRAW THE CONCLUSION THAT HOMER RECEIVES A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS A DEPTH THE YEAR 100,000 BC; 500,000 BC; WHO KNOWS …
But the ultimate proof is the same of the mathematic structure, which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that the Creator uses math to create, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1).
BUT BEFORE THE “CRYPT” IS THE “SIGNIFIER”, IE THE CONNECTION OF WORDS WITH MEANINGS. HE SAID EARLIER THAT FOREIGN DIALECTS DEFINED BY AGREEMENT, IE SOME AGREED THAT SUCH AND SUCH A SUBJECT WOULD CALL IT “X”, WHICH MAKES THE LANGUAGES STERILE, SO THEY CAN GIVE BIRTH TO NEW WORDS, SO THERE MATHIMATIKOTITA THEREFORE CAN NOT DESCRIBE NEW CONCEPTS THAT EXIST IN NATURE, RESULTING IN THE BRAIN WHERE IT CAN NOT DESCRIBE THROUGH NEW WORDS NEW MEANINGS REMAIN IN THE DARK, SO THE NEURONS OF THE BRAIN DOES NOT GENERATE NEW AS OPPOSED TO THOSE WHO USE THE GREEK.
HOW COULD EG THE ENGLISH OR THE FRENCH OR THE X, Y WITH A WORD THAT HAS 10 CONCEPTS TO DESCRIBE ACCURATELY AND THEREFORE CLEARLY A DEEPER MEANING? LET ALONE THE MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF THIS? IT CAN NOT BE SO WHY ALL STARTED HERE. IT MEANS THEREFORE IS CONNECTING THE SIGNAL TO THE SIGNIFIED, THAT THE WORD ITSELF IS GENERATED IN SUCH A MANNER THAT DESCRIBES THE MEANING ESOKLEINEI INSTRUMENTS.
EXAMPLE: THE NAMING OF THE WORD CURRY (WALNUT), AS WE READ IN THESECRETREALTRUTH, FROM AN OBSERVATION OF NATURE (AS ALL WORDS), IE WHEN TWO HORNED ANIMALS (RAMS, GOATS ETC.) TRA.KAR.OUN WITH KER.ATA THEIR SOUNDS “CRACK” OR “FEM”, THE SOUND HE GAVE THE NAME “HORN” (HORN) THE HORN GAVE THE NAME OF THE STATE OR SKULL (HEAD) AND THE NICKNAMES OF THIS CURRY (SMALL HEAD). CURRY (NUT) LOOKS AMAZING TO THE HUMAN HEAD AND THE INTERIOR OF THE BRAIN. Y IS THE ROOT OF THE VERB YO (RAIN) WHERE Y IS CONCAVITY (OR CONVEXITY) THAT MATES SOMETHING, RAIN (WATER ELEMENT) ENTERS (NEST) INTO THE EARTH.
THE MUSICAL – NUMERIC ALPHABET CREATES MUSICAL – MATHEMATICAL WORDS THAT DESCRIBE RESPECTIVE CONCEPTS WHICH COME FROM THE OBSERVATION OF NATURE IE OF CREATION SO BY EXTENSION OF THE SAME CREATOR, BUT THE QUESTION IS HOW MANY MILLENNIA MAY BE NEEDED TO CREATE THIS PERFECT MATHEMATICAL COMPLEX LETTERS ARE NUMBERS, YET MUSICAL TONES AND WORDS THAT ALL THE NUMBERS AND MUSIC TONES INTO THEIR HIDE EXCEPT FOR COMPLEX MUSICAL HARMONIES, CONCEPTS WHICH ARE NOT RANDOM AT ALL BUT AFTER EXTENSIVE OBSERVATION OF NATURE?
ARGUABLY, THEREFORE OUR ANTISTHENES RECALLS “WISDOM AUTHORITY NAMES VISITATION”DE GROOT (NETHERLANDS HOMERIC TEXTS PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS CONTINUITY AND TEACHES TO BE OWNERLESS AND GOT A GLORY, THAT AN OPINION. IN THIS LANGUAGE THERE IS NO ORTHODOXY. SO EVEN IF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WANTS PEOPLE LAW-ABIDING – A MOLD – THE SPIRIT OF ANCIENT TEXTS AND LANGUAGE IN LEARNING TO BE A BOSS. “ JAMES JOYCE (FAMOUS IRISH AUTHOR, 1882-1941)
“ALMOST AFRAID TO TOUCH THE ODYSSEY, THE OPPRESSIVE BEAUTY IS UNBEARABLE.” THE GREAT FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER SAID:
“IN GREEK THERE IS A VERTIGO OF WORDS, BECAUSE ONLY SHE EXPLORED, RECORDED AND ANALYZED THE INNERMOST PROCESSES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE, MORE THAN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE.” THE GREAT FRENCH ENLIGHTENER VOLTAIRE HAD SAID
“MAY THE GREEK LANGUAGE TO BECOME COMMON ALL PEOPLES.” THE FRENCH PROFESSOR AT THE SORBONNE SAID CHARLES FORIEL
“THE GREEK HAS HOMOGENEITY AS THE GERMAN, BUT RICHER THAN THAT. HE HAS THE CLARITY OF THE FRENCH, BUT IT HAS GREATER PRECISION. IT IS MORE FLEXIBLE THAN THE ITALIAN AND MUCH MORE HARMONIOUS THAN THE SPANISH. IS THAT WHAT IT TAKES TO BE CONSIDERED THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LANGUAGE OF EUROPE. “ MARIANNA MCDONALD, PROFESSOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AND HEAD OF TLG SAID
“KNOWLEDGE OF GREEK IS ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION OF HIGH CULTURAL CULTIVATION.” THE BLIND AMERICAN WRITER HELEN KELLER HAD TOLD
“IF THE VIOLIN IS THE MOST PERFECT MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE VIOLIN OF HUMAN THOUGHT.“ JOHN GOETHE (THE GREATEST POET OF GERMANY, 1749-1832)
“I LISTENED TO ST. PETER’S IN ROME THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANGUAGES. THE GREEK RESONATED STAR GLOWING IN THE NIGHT. “ DIALOGUE OF GOETHE WITH HIS DISCIPLES:
-DASKALE WHAT TO READ TO BECOME WISE AS YOU?
-THE GREEK CLASSICS.
-AND WHEN WE FINISH THE GREEK CLASSICS WHAT TO READ?
-OLD GREEK CLASSICS. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (GREAT IRISH PLAYWRIGHT, 1856-1950)
“IF THE LIBRARY OF YOUR HOME YOU DO NOT HAVE THE WORKS OF ANCIENT GREEK AUTHORS, THEN YOU LIVE IN A HOUSE WITHOUT LIGHT.” MARK TILLIOS CICERO (THE FOREMOST MAN OF ANCIENT ROME, 106-43 BC)
“IF THE GODS SPEAK, THEN CERTAINLY USE THE LANGUAGE OF THE GREEKS.” HUMPHREY KITTY (ENGLISH PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, 1968)
“IT’S THE NATURE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS CLEAN, PRECISE AND COMPLEX. THE AMBIGUITY AND LACK OF DIRECT ENORASEOS FEATURING SOMETIMES ENGLISH AND GERMAN, IS COMPLETELY FOREIGN TO THE GREEK LANGUAGE. “ IRINA KOVALEVA (MODERN RUSSIAN PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY LOMONOSOV, 1995)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS BEAUTIFUL LIKE HEAVEN TO THE STARS.” RH ROBINS (CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LINGUIST, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON)
“OF COURSE NOT ONLY IN LINGUISTICS WHERE GREEKS WERE PIONEERS IN EUROPE. OVERALL EUROPE’S SPIRITUAL LIFE GOES BACK TO THE WORK OF GREEK THINKERS.
EVEN TODAY WE RETURN UNCEASINGLY IN GREEK HERITAGE TO FIND STIMULATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT. “ FREDERICK SAGKREDO (BASQUE LINGUISTICS PROFESSOR – CHAIRMAN OF THE GREEK ACADEMY OF VASKONIAS)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE BEST LEGACY THAT HAS BEEN AVAILABLE TO THE MAN ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN. AGAINST ALL GREEK AND INSIST ALL LANGUAGES ARE INADEQUATE. “
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE SHOULD BECOME THE SECOND LANGUAGE OF ALL EUROPEANS, ESPECIALLY THE CULTURED PEOPLE.”
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS OF DIVINE ESSENCE.” HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN (RENOWNED AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST, 1822-1890)
“EVERYTHING I WANTED PASSIONATELY TO LEARN GREEK. I DID NOT DO IT BECAUSE I WAS AFRAID THAT THE DEEP CHARM OF THIS MAGNIFICENT LANGUAGE WOULD ABSORB SO MUCH THAT WOULD HAVE REMOVED MY OTHER ACTIVITIES. “(THE SCHLIEMANN SPOKE 18 LANGUAGES SEAMLESSLY. FOR TWO YEARS DID NOTHING OTHER THAN THE STUDYING 2 POEMS OF HOMER). IBN KHALDOUN (LARGEST ARAB HISTORIAN)
“WHERE IS THE SECRETARIAT OF THE ASSYRIANS, THE CHALDEANS, THE EGYPTIANS? ALL MANKIND HAS INHERITED THE SECRETARIAT OF THE GREEKS ALONE. “ WILL DURANT (AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND PHILOSOPHER, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLUMBIA)
“OUR ALPHABET CAME FROM GREECE BY KIMI AND ROME. OUR LANGUAGE IS LITTERED GREEK WORDS. OUR SCIENCE ESFYRILATISE MIAN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE BY THE GREEK TERMS. OUR GRAMMAR AND OUR RHETORIC, EVEN THE PUNCTUATION AND THE DIVISION AREAS PARAGRAPHS … IS GREEK INVENTIONS. OUR GENRES ARE GREEKS – THE LYRIC, THE ODE, THE ROMANCE, THE NOVEL, THE ESSAY, THE PROSFONISIS, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND ABOVE ALL THE VISION. AND ALMOST ALL OF THESE WORDS ARE GREEK. “ JACQUELINE DE ROMIGY (MODERN FRENCH ACADEMICIAN AND AUTHOR)
“ANCIENT GREECE OFFERS US A LANGUAGE, WHICH WILL SAY THAT IT IS UNIVERSAL.”
“EVERYONE NEEDS TO LEARN GREEK, BECAUSE THE GREEK LANGUAGE HELPS US FIRST OF ALL TO UNDERSTAND OUR OWN LANGUAGE.” BRUNO SNELL (DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE PAST OF THE EUROPEANS.” FRANGKISKOS LIGKORA (MODERN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AND PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF CULTURE)
“GREEKS CAN BE PROUD TO SPEAK THE GREEK LANGUAGE ALIVE AND THE MOTHER OF ALL OTHER LANGUAGES. DO NOT NEGLECT, SINCE THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW GOODS WE HAVE LEFT AND ALSO YOUR PASSPORT TO THE WORLD CIVILIZATION. “ THE. VANTROUSKA (PROFESSOR OF LINGUISTICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA)
“FOR A JAPANESE OR TURKISH, ALL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ARE NOT SEEN AS SEPARATE BUT AS DIALECTS OF ONE AND THE SAME LANGUAGE, GREEK.” PETER JONES (PHD – PROFESSOR AT OXFORD UNIVERSITY WHO DRAFTED LESSONS OF ANCIENT GREEK WITH READERSHIP, FOR PUBLICATION IN THE NEWSPAPER «DAILYTELEGRAPH»)
THE GREEKS OF ATHENS IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURY HAD REACHED THE LANGUAGE TO THE POINT THAT WITH HER TO EXPLORE IDEAS SUCH AS DEMOCRACY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE, CONCEPTS SUCH AS SULFUR AND LAW. IT IS A WONDERFUL AND GREAT LANGUAGE. “ GILBERT MURRAY (PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD)
“THE GREEK IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE. OFTEN ONE FINDS THAT A THOUGHT CAN BE EXPRESSED WITH EASE AND GRACE IN GREEK, AND BECOMES DIFFICULT AND SEVERE IN LATIN, ENGLISH, FRENCH OR GERMAN. IT IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE, BECAUSE IT EXPRESSES THE THOUGHTS MOST PERFECT PEOPLE. “ MAX VON LAYE (NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS)
“I GRACES IN DIVINE PROVIDENCE, BECAUSE IT PLEASED TO TEACH ANCIENT GREEK, WHO HELPED ME TO PENETRATE DEEPER INTO THE MEANING OF SCIENCE.” E, NORDEN (THE GREAT GERMAN PHILOLOGIST)
“IN ADDITION TO CHINESE AND JAPANESE, ALL OTHER LANGUAGES WERE FORMED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GREEK, FROM WHICH THEY TOOK, BESIDES MANY WORDS, RULES AND GRAMMAR.” MARTIN HEIDEGGER (GERMAN PHILOSOPHER, OF THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF EXISTENTIALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE STANDARDS THROUGH WHICH SHOWCASE THE SPIRITUAL FORCES OF CREATIVE GENIUS, BECAUSE WITH RESPECT TO THE POSSIBILITIES PROVIDED IN THOUGHT, IS THE MOST POWERFUL AND YET THE MOST WITTY OF ALL LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD.” DAVID CRYSTAL (AKA ENGLISH PROFESSOR, AUTHOR OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CAMBRIDGE FOR THE ENGLISH)
“IT’S AMAZING TO SEE HOW MUCH MORE WE RELY ON THE GREEK, TO TALK ABOUT ENTITIES AND EVENTS AT THE HEART OF MODERN LIFE.” MICHAEL VENTRIS (THE MAN WHO DECIPHERED THE LINEAR B)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE WAS AND IS HIGHER ALL THE OLD AND NEW LANGUAGES.” R.H. ROBINS (LINGUIST AND AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK TRIUMPH IN THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE IS THAT GAVE SO MUCH TO SO MANY SECTORS […]. THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS WHICH WAS EXTREMELY STRONG, IE THE THEORY OF GRAMMAR AND GRAMMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LANGUAGE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO MERIT AND TO WITHSTAND CRITICISM. ALSO BE SUCH AS TO INSPIRE GRATITUDE AND OUR ADMIRATION. “ LUIS JOSÉ NAVARRO (DEPUTY TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM “EVROKLASSIKA” OF THE EU)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE FOR ME IS LIKE COSMOGONY. IT IS NOT JUST A LANGUAGE … “ JUAN JOSE PUHANA ARZA (BASQUE HELLENIST AND POLITICIAN)
“WE MUST PROCLAIM THAT THERE HAS BEEN IN THE WORLD A LANGUAGE WHICH CAN BE COMPARED TO THE CLASSICAL GREEK.” D’EICHTAL (FRENCH AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS ALL THE FEATURES, ALL THE CONDITIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL TONGUE … TOUCHES THESE SAME BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION … WHICH NOT ONLY THERE WAS NO STRANGER TO NONE OF THE MAJOR EVENTS OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT, RELIGION, IN POLITICS, IN LITERATURE, THE ARTS, THE SCIENCES, BUT WAS ALSO THE FIRST TOOL – TO SCAN ALL THESE – SO TO SPEAK, THE WOMB … LANGUAGE LOGIC WHILE EUPHONIC, AMONG ALL THE OTHER … “ THEODORE F. BRUNNER (TLG FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR UNTIL 1997)
“ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SPENT ON THE HOARDING OF GREEK WORDS, WE REPLY: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS AND CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE OUR CULTURE.” JACQUES LANG (FRENCH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION)
“I WOULD LIKE TO SEE TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK, WITH THE SAME ZEAL THAT WE DEMONSTRATE, AND GREEK SCHOOLS.” IN HIS WORK “A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE” BY THE FAMOUS LINGUIST A.. MEILLET, SUPPORTED STRONGLY THE SUPERIORITY OF GREEK OVER OTHER LANGUAGES.
The name of Apollo itself—though not Paean, a possible name of a precursor god to or epithet of him—is generally considered to be absent from the Linear B (Mycenean Greek) texts although it is possible that the name is in fact attested in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo-[ (Linear B: ]-[) on the KN E 842 tablet.The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι).According to some scholars the words are derived from the Doric word apella (ἀπέλλα), which originally meant “wall,” “fence for animals” and later “assembly within the limits of the square.”[Apella (Ἀπέλλα) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[9] corresponding to the ecclesia (ἐκκλησία). R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun.Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo’s name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), “to destroy”. Plato in Cratylus connects the name withἀπόλυσις (apolysis), “redeem”, with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), “purification”, and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), “simple”, in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), “ever-shooting”. Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means “assembly”, so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), “fold”, in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means “stone,” and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella,[14] the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη(Pellēnē/Pallene)
Language
7270-year-old Tablet Found in Kastoria Calls into Question History of Writing
Back in 1993, in a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island near the modern village of Dispilio on Lake Kastoria in the Kastoria Prefecture, professor George Hourmouziadis and his team unearthed the Dispilio Tablet (also known as the Dispilio Scripture or the Dispilio Disk), a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings (charagmata) that has been carbon 14-dated to about 7300 BP (5260 BC).
In February 2004, during the announcement of the Tablet’s discovery to the world, Hourmouziadis claimed that the text with the markings could not be easily publicized because it would ultimately change the current historical background concerning the origins of writing and articulate speech depicted with letters instead of ideograms within the borders of the ancient Greek world and by extension, the broader European one.
According to the Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the markings suggested that the current theory proposing that the ancient Greeks received their alphabet from the ancient civilizations of the Middle East (Babylonians, Sumerians and Phoenicians etc) fails to close the historic gap of some 4,000 years. This gap translates into the following facts: while ancient eastern civilizations would use ideograms to express themselves, the ancient Greeks were using syllables in a similar manner like we use today.
The currently accepted historic theory taught around the world suggests that the ancient Greeks learned to write around 800 BC from the Phoenicians. However, a question emerges among scholars: how is it possible for the Greek language to have 800,000 word entries, ranking first among all known languages in the world, while the second next has only 250,000 word entries? How is it possible for the Homeric Poems to have been produced at about 800 BC, which is just when the ancient Greeks learned to write? It would be impossible for the ancient Greeks to write these poetic works without having had a history of writing of at least 10,000 years back, according to a US linguistic research.
The tablet is 2,000 years older than the written findings from the Sumerian era and 4,000 years older than the Cretan-Mycenean linear types of writing.
The markings on the tablet did not resemble the human figures, the sun and moon or other figures ideograms usually depict. They actually showed signs of advanced apheresis, which indicates they are the result of cognitive processes.
The tablet was partially damaged when it was exposed to the oxygen-rich environment outside of the mud and water in which it was immersed for a long period of time, and it is now under conservation. The full academic publication of the tablet apparently awaits the completion of the work of conservation
– See more at: http://greece.greekreporter.com/2012/07/16/7270-year-old-tablet-found-in-kastoria-calls-into-question-history-of-writing/#sthash.o0yDtSd4.dpuf
ALEXANDER THE GREAT – ”Medallion” East of the Empire, Beroia (provincial capital of Macedonia, the Heart of Greece), 3rd century A.D., Gold, Diam. 54 mm; 96.3 g Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
The obverse shows the diademed head of Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BC). This posthumous and idealized portrait includes symbols of Alexander’s deification, one of which is the ram’s horn, characteristic of the Egyptian god Amon. This iconography derives from the type of coin introduced by one of Alexander’s immediate successors, King Lysimachos of Thrace (297-281 BC).
The reverse shows a hunting scene, with the hunter’s spear piercing a wild boar that is being attacked by two dogs. The legend “King Alexander”, which appears to the left and above, identifies the hunter.
The “medallion” is part of a treasure including twenty similar pieces found in Aboukir, Egypt, in 1902. The designation “medallion” is purely a matter of convention based on the piece’s morphology and size, as the use given to such pieces cannot be definitively established.
likely that Homeric Epics to have been handed down in writing (Mistriotis, J. Highget, H. Blanc, Jacqueline De Romiguy).
In view of the above, it is necessary to continue the interdisciplinary research, whose conclusions of the different sciences should converge, especially towards those of Archaeogenetics and Population Genetics , due to their rapid evolutions. The Greek language, a phenomenon of continuity and radiation, continues to be an object of admiration and study by leading linguists, Hellenists and intellectuals. According to the world-renowned Hellenist and professor of linguistics FR Adrados, Greek has left its indelible stamp on all the Western European languages that are considered semi-Hellenic or crypto-Hellenic , and according to the famous Hellenist professor at the University of Oxford Gilbert Murray, Greek is the most perfect language of the world . Indeed, the Greek language, written and spoken, is an achievement of the human spirit of unsurpassed perfection . Posted by
For devotees of “Indo-European” reeds. Indian relief “Heracles the protector of the Buddha”.
The Indo-Europeans allegedly and without evidence, in 2300, the Greeks and Herakles before 7,000.
BUDDAH with DIONYSOS as patron next to him, in 7000. The Greeks lived in Asia (Greek name) since prehistoric times and had excellent relations with the Asians.
Some LOW LEVEL individuals are promoting this tree as… linguistic history(!!), how FUNNY it is when one of the two central trunks starts with the word European which ALL Greeks know that the word EUROPE is from GREEK MYTHOLOGY-COSMOLOGY and the word Hellenic should have been placed there instead, it comes later in a branch with Greek, that is, they again separate the ancient from the modern Greek… how complex now when they know that if they remove our language from their vocabularies, the whole trunk will collapse!
And the pacifier Indo India another Greek word is the basis….POOR “scientists” tells you!
The University professors who, INSTEAD OF SERVING the TRUTH keep a FISHY SILENCE in the FACE of the DESTRUCTION of HISTORY AND LANGUAGE, and EVEN MORE so those who appoint them to their positions, are considered guilty.
Just as unfortunately today everything on our planet IS SICK, so in our country there is a morbid lack of meritocracy, so that positions and positions are held by unfit people with only the virtue of acquaintances and their submission to what the globalization agenda naturally imposes.
However, be aware of this: just as the PHYSICAL TAXIS cannot be changed either by laws or by force, so it is NEVER allowed to be practiced for a long time to the detriment of the humanizing Greek Speech and our humanizing Language.
It is only a matter of time for the repentant human race, after being soiled in the spiritual mud, to take REFUSE ONCE AGAIN in the THREADS of the LIGHT-GIVING GREEK CULTURE ORDER to BE REBORN.
“…the Greek alphabet existed at the time of ATLANTIS, 9,500 BC, since PLATO speaks of inscriptions with oaths as well as names of kings carved into vows, and therefore carried history at least from 15,000 BC. But according to the “PHILHELLENIC” pile researchers, it comes from…. the Phoenician alphabet of the 14th century BC. That is, the wretches have deliberately
….They “FORGOTTEN” to multiply the history of Greece and its language x 10!!!
The RIGHT of the STRONGER:
BARBARIC lies persist about the origins of ancient Greek cities such as Persepolis, Petra and Baalbek, among others, falsely attributed to having been built by the Persians, Phoenicians, Carthagenians, Nabateans and Romans respectively. The Persians found the abandoned city of Persepolis (built by descendants of Perseus), and theNabateans who were nomadic herders found and made the abandoned Petra their home. The Romans would invade and falsely put their tag on everything they conquered.
One such work was the KYBALION which he and others translated from existing archaic works. History, origin, art and high technology have all been stolen, looted and claimed by others. Newton also stole claim to the laws of motion and physics, gaining this knowledge from ancient texts which he secretly held.
THE GREEKS SHOULD NEVER LEARN that: DEMOCRITUS , PYTHAGORAS, HERACLEITOS completely formulated the theory of NUCLEAR PHYSICS and SPECIAL RELATIVITY, unifying into formulas, as ELECTRICITY, GRAVITY, MAGNETISM, ASTRONOMY, and the Weak Currents of NUCLEAR ATOMS.
EVERY CIVILIZATION is judged by WHAT it left behind…BUT….
THE GREEKS MUST NEVER LEARN, that: the ASTRONOMERS MATHEMATICIANS: EUDOXUS, CALLIPOS
, ARISTARCHOS, ANAXIMANDROS, EUKLIDES, ARCHIMEDES, CONON, HIPPARCHUS, CLEOMEDES, APOLLONIOS, PTOLEMY, THEON, HYPATIA, PAPPUS, had EXHAUSTED the LIMITS of human INTELLIGENCE by solving MENTALY WITHOUT GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION equations of 12 unknowns (twelve equations twelve unknowns) while the limit of today’s computers is “7 equations 7 unknowns”. Because the THIEVES of ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE, AS: – KEPLER, GALILEO, COPERNICUS etc. MUST be SHOWN!! …
The GREEKS SHOULD NOT KNOW that: the ENGINEERS – TECHNICIANS: EUPALINOS, SOSTRATOS, HERON, ZOSIMOS, KALLINIKOS, manufactured TOPOGRAPHIC instruments for TRIGONOMETRIC SURVEYING, AUTOMATIC mechanisms and instruments for ELECTRICAL applications, because the SWINDLER EDISON MUST be SHOWN as the INVENTOR of … ELECTRICITY, ALTHOUGH the above GREEKENGINEERS used the ELECTRON (AMBER) as a NATURAL ACCUMULATOR of STATIC ELECTRICITY in technical applications…
The Greeks MUST NOT KNOW that: the GEOGRAPHERS – EXPLORERS SKYLAX, PYTHEAS, EUDOXUS, STRABON, PAUSANIAS, COSMAS the INDIKOPLEISTIS, HECATAEUS, had mapped the ENTIRE surface of the planet, because there is a danger that the Greeks will learn that ATLANTIS and the AMERICAN CONTINENT belonged administratively in DELPHI, while Asia belonged administratively to SARDIS, with the central coordinator being the APOLLONIAN Center of DELOS, to which the Transborean Greeks (Northern Siberia) sent as a token of recognition “every year, choice grain”, through the Greek ARIMASPAS and ISSIDONES and MASSAGESTAE of CENTRAL and SOUTHERN SIBERIA.
The GREEKS should NOT KNOW THAT THE GREEK DOCTORS, GALENOS, CELSIUS, HERACLIDES, HEROPHILUS, PRAXAGORAS, AGNODIKIS, KTIRIAS, HIPPOCRATES, ERIVIOTIS, CARRIED OUT “balancing electromagnetic fluids of the body” treatments by regulating the alkalinity and acidity of the organs. That they were making cures using “left-handed amino acids” (antibiotics) obtained from plants, fully knowing that only recently did molecular biology discover the action-reaction of left-handed amino acids (antibiotics) with right-handed amino acids (organism proteins).
The Greeks must not learn that the symbols “LEFT-CROWNED SWASTIKA” and “RIGHT-CROWNED SWASTIKA” were SYMBOLS of PHYSICS and MATHEMATICS, by which the Greeks PYTHAGORAS and DEMOCRITUS and ARISTARCHOS expressed right-handed and left-handed nuclei of atoms, planets, solar systems, galaxies and cosmic domains clusters of galaxies.
2500 years ago HIPPOCRATES performed brain and heart surgery...
Despite the almost non-existent means of his time, HIPPOCRATES performed DIFFICULT surgeries. He and his students successfully treated orthopedic, cardiac and basic surgery cases. HIPPOCRATES even performed operations on the human skull, as we read in SEVERAL of his works… In addition to the operation itself, HIPPOCRATES attached great importance to the preparation of the patient and the operating room.
In the work Kat’iatreion, he describes in detail how the patient should be prepared before the operation, how the tools are sterilized, how the space is shaped, but also how artificial and natural light is used during the operation...
American archaeobotanists were ABLE for the FIRST time to study and analyze the contents of pills made by doctors in ANCIENT Greece and which were discovered 20 years ago, in a Greek shipwreck off the coast of TUSCANY…
DNA analyzes showed that each pill was a mixture of at least ten different plant extracts, including hibiscus and celery. “For the first time, we now have physical EVIDENCE of what is contained in the writings of the ANCIENT Greek physicians DIOSCORIDIS and GALENOS,” said ALLEN TWO WAY of the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION’s NATIONAL Museum of NATURAL HISTORY in WASHINGTON , according to New Scientist..
A sensational speech about the Greek language and its authentic Greek writing (alphabet) which does not come from the Phoenicians and the non-existent “Indo-Europeans” , a theory that calls for it to be removed from school books , was given at the Academy of Athens by its outgoing President, Akadimaikos Antonios Kounadis on January 14, 2019 AD , closing his annual term there.
The following text of his speech was first published on the website of the ” Estia” newspaper.
THE ORIGIN OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE: SPOKEN AND WRITTEN
Speech by the former president of the Academy of Athens, Antonio Kounadis
delivered at the Academy of Athens on January 14, 2019.
THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE HIGHEST CULTURAL GOOD
“The opinion put forward in the 18th century, that the Greek language belongs to the Indo-European family of languages , as well as the opinion that the Greek alphabet is of Phoenician-Semitic origin, have been the subject of intense debates and disputes that continue to this day. Two issues, which should not leave any Greek indifferent, since the most important asset of our cultural heritage, the Greek language , spoken and written, inextricably linked to the identity, continuity, survival and perspective of Hellenism , is a matter all of us.
Of course also the speaker, due to my long-term involvement with Education and my related article, with which I formalized the harmful legislative interventions in our language, with the pseudo-labeled characterization as Educational Reforms .
Given that these two topics are interdisciplinary in nature and in fact the subject of many different sciences, my attempt in this case is to present authentic opinions of linguists, archaeologists, historians, anthropologists, paleontologists , so that more light can be shed on these two complicated and even dark topics, based on the latest findings and developments in human archaeogenetics (aDNA) and population genetics . Developments, which overturned or even confirmed previous assumptions
ARISTOTLE: HELLENICIZES IT IS THE RIGHT NAME OF IT
In Plato’s Cratylus , which is a dialogue about the correctness of names with interlocutors Hermogenes, the philosopher-mathematician Cratylus (founder of a philosophical school in the 5th century BC) and Socrates, the beginnings of Comparative Linguistics can be found in what it concerns names of barbarians (i.e. foreigners) and the comparative method (as it concerns the dialects of Greek, e.g. Aeolian, Doric, Ionic, Attic, etc.), as well as the beginnings of Etymology for how the correct nomenclature is determined (naming) of words (names), nature or law . According to natural definition (according to Cratylos), there is an agreement between a name (word) and its etymological conceptual content (i.e. between signifier and signified), while according to the legal definition of names (words) naming is conventional Greek language is preeminently conceptual or semantic, i.e. there is a causal relationship between nouns-words and their etymological meaning .
According to Plato (Kratylus, 435-436) ” he who believes in names, believes in things” . First, Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1st century BC) in his work “On the Composition of Names” considers Plato to be the founder of Etymology, writing: “The super-etymology discourse was first introduced by Plato in multiple men and allothi, indeed in the Cratylus.” . Regarding the value of the semantic property of names, Aristotle points out: “Reason, if it does not state, will not do its own work.” (The Art of Rhetoric C. 2149), then he does not exclude the Greek with the phrase: ” To Hellenizes is the right name .” (Art of rhetoric C. 4.1407).
HEISENBERG, NOBEL LAUREATE FOR ANCIENT GREEK But even in recent times, the
German philosopher-physicist Wenner Heisenberg (Nobel Prize 1932) had declared: ”
The term in the ancient Greek language was my most important intellectual exercise. In this language there is the most complete correspondence between the word and the conceptual content . If the first alphabet (more precisely, a writing system) is Semitic-Phoenician and if the Phoenicians (a branch of the Semitic race that distinguished itself in shipping and trade) took it from the Hebrews and transmitted it to the Greeks, it has become the subject of many discussions and disputes. Related topics for investigation are when the Phoenician immigrants settled in Phoenicia and which are the oldest inscriptions or written texts of the Phoenician culture.
HERODOTUS: “it seems to me…” Regarding the existing opinion about the origin of the Greek alphabet from the “Phoenician letters”, that is, from the Phoenician essentially “Syllabary”, it is worth noting that the “Phoenicians based this opinion mainly on the well-known
saying of Herodotus: “The Phoenicians … brought in teachers Greeks and words and letters did not exist before Greeks, as I believe…” . That is, Herodotus formulates this with reservation (as I do), referring vaguely to letters and not to the letters of a specific scripture.
DIODORUS SIKELIOTIS: “the Phoenicians took it from others”
However, the historian Diodorus the Sicilian (E 74) does not agree with Herodotus’ opinion (E 74), who clarifies that the so-called “Phoenician letters” are not an invention of the Phoenicians but an adaptation of other letters, that is, of the Hellenic-Cretan ones, stating : They are not found from the beginning, but the types of the letters are only shifted ,…”.
NO PHOENICIAN INSCRIPTIONS WERE NEVER FOUND
Let it be noted that the Phoenicians, as seen from various historical sources, settled in Phoenicia (today’s Lebanon and partly Syria) mixed with the native Canaanites between 1,200 and 1,100 BC. Written texts or inscriptions about the Phoenician culture have not been found until today.
THERE WAS GREEK SCRIPTURE DURING THE TRONIC WAR (1,200 BC) Based on historical data, inscriptions and many references to (known) texts of ancient Greek authors, it has been accepted by the international scientific community that
the Greek (alphabetic) writing probably existed before the time of the Trojan War . (We do not mean Linear A or B or certainly the most ancient Cretan hieroglyphic writing through ideograms.) However, the Greek (alphabetic) writing seems to have existed before the times of Homer, based on historical sources. E.g. in the Iliad (describing the Trojan War),
Homer , referring to Bellerephon, writes ”
signs that you have written on a canvas with a tymophothora many “. (Letter of Proitus to his father-in-law, Iovatis. G 169.) Also, according to the philosopher and
historian Porphyry (3rd AD century), Homer wrote the Iliad “not at all, not continuously, because they are contiguous, but” he
wrote me every rhapsody , and being shown in the midst of the cities of food, he disappeared…” (Dictionary of Souda or Suida). Mistriotis mentions that
Apollodorus(180-110 BC) tells us that
Oiax, during the Trojan War, wrote the news of the death of his brother, Palamedes, on a rudder, which the sea waves carried to his father Nafplion. Of interest is the Scientific Communication of the Greek researchers Tavros
Papamarinopoulos and his collaborators, which I presented at the Public Session of the Academy (19/10/2017) entitled “Astronomical Dates of the End of the Trojan War and the Return of Odysseus” (Prak tics of the Academy , vol. 92 A, 2017). The Announcement concludes that
the end of the Trojan War dates back to 1200 BC. This date indicates the existence of a writing during the time of the Trojan War, in view of what was extrapolated by Homer about Bellerephon and by Mistriotis – Apollodorus for what they mention about Oiacas.
If there really was writing before 1200 BC, the claims that the Greeks allegedly took the writing system (Syllabary) from the Phoenicians are shaken, lacking in credibility . Of course, this question remains open in the absence of evidence, because the existing evidence is not enough.
EVANS: THE PHOENICIANS TOOK THE LETTERS FROM THE GREEKS
LINE 1left from a vase at Akrotiri Thiras – right from Zakros Palace, Arch. Museum of Sitia
According to Sir Arthur Evans “the writing of Crete is the mother of the Phoenician” , while according to René Dussault “the Phoenicians had received the alphabet from the Greeks, who had formed it from the Cretan-Mycenaean script “. (See also Georgiev, Problems of the Minoan Language, Sofia 1953.)
PHOENICIAN WITHOUT VOWELS…
The Phoenician is not an alphabet, but a “Syllabary”, without vowels, with 22 consonants and without the consonants X, F, P of the Greek alphabet . But also according to the Irvain University Center TLG (Thesaurus Linguae Graecae), the Cretan historian Dosiades (who wrote the local history of Crete) mentions that the alphabet was found by the Cretans .
WHERE DOES THE LETTER ALPHA COME FROM
Plutarch (Problems 737) considers naive the opinion that the letter “alpha” is Phoenician from “Aleph” which was called the boon (considered the first of the necessary). According to the Great Etymological Dictionary, the letter “alpha” comes from the verb alfo (= to find), because “it was found first of all the other elements.”
IONIC THE PRESENT ALPHABET
Each city-state or region in the archaic Greek world had its own alphabet, (with slight variations from those of other cities.) The current Greek alphabet is the Ionic, with 24 letters, which prevailed from 403 BC. on Lord Euclid . The Corinthian also has 24 letters, the Cretan 21, the Miletus 24, the Chalcidic 25, from which the current Latin came, after adaptation by the inhabitants of Latin Italy, (who, it seems, received it from Greeks of Kimi.)
From the Greek alphabet also came the Etruscan, the Cyrillic, the ancient Phrygian, the Lycian alphabet, the Lydian, the Armenian, the Coptic, the Gothic, etc.
ANCIENT GREEK SCRIPTURES
There are many sources for the beginnings of Greek writing , among which:
1) The sign of the Dispelion of Kastoria brought to light in 1993 by professor G. Hourmouziadis, which archaeologists both from the “Democritos” Research Center and the external ones dated to 5250 BC.
Sign plate signature of Dispilio Kastoria, Macedonia 5,250 BC.(left a copy of the sign – right some of its letters and symbols)
2) “The Ostrakos in the Hermitage of Iura of the Sporades”, which was found by the archaeologist Adam Samson with a Greek inscription of 5500 BC, in which the letters A Y D are clearly visible without any inscriptions, their phonetic value being known.
Writing on a shell of 5,500 BC, Cave of Cyclops, Iura SporadesGreek letters A, Y, D are visible
3) “The Ὄstrakos in the Pilikata area of Ithaca” ,
dating to 2700 BC. , on which there are engraved symbolic figures similar to those of Linear Scriptures A and B.
Writing on a shell of 2,700 BC. in Pelikata, Ithaca – Cross Museum of Ithaca
THE EPICS OF HOMER WERE TRANSFERRED IN WRITING
In this case, it is reasonable to ask how it is possible for thousands of Homeric verses to be preserved and transmitted over many centuries unchanged with amazing precision . This is why Mistriotis in his work “History of the Homeric Epics” (Sakellariu Prints, Athens 1903, edition 2) mentions: ” The polymorphism and instability in the expansion and contraction of vowels cannot be attributed to the lack of writing .” ».
Professor Gilbert Heigt states that a poem like the Iliad could not have been handed down without writing (The Classical Tradition, MIET ed.), while the famous writer Horst Blank (Papadima ed., p. 148) affirms that: ” Today a great part of philologists close to the hypothesis that the compilation of the Homeric Epics had already made the written consolidation of the text necessary… the rhapsodists carried with them their written manuscript copy . Also, the French Hellenist Jacqueline De Romiguy categorically states: ” Homer and writing coexist .”. (Why Greece, Ed. To “Asty”, p. 28.) The dactylic hexameter in the Homeric Epics is based on prosody (long and short vowels, double consonants, diphthongs, etc.). The opinion that the Phoenicians borrowed some consonants and immediately the Greeks wrote the Epis spelled, has no strong arguments , as the Dictionary Souda or Suida states (see Phoenician city).
WILLIAM DURANT: THE PHOENICIANS TOOK IT FROM THE GREEKS
The reference of the American historian/philosopher, editor of the world history of culture , William Durant, is also characteristic: ” The Phoenicians were not the inventors of the alphabet, they only circulated it from place to place. They took it from the Cretans and transported it to Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and other cities of the Mediterranean. There were the “gyrologists” and not the inventors of the alphabet .”
The archaeologist-epigraphist Apostolos Arvanitopoulos had declared: ” The alphabet was invented and implemented by the Ancient Greeks … and they gifted it to the lost humanity as its common property.” There are several testimonies with texts of ancient historians and writers (after the time of Homer), which support that there was a written Greek language (a variety of Grammika B’) around 1200 BC, i.e. before the Phoenician-Semitic Syllabary . However, evidence (eg inscriptions) for the existence of Greek writing dating back to this period does not exist.
GILBERT MURRAY: GREEK IS THE BEST LANGUAGE
For this language of incomparable perfection that we ourselves have abused, while for foreign Greekists and linguists it is an object of admiration and study , the statement of the distinguished Greek professor at the University of Oxford, Gilbert Murray, is characteristic : “[…] a thought can be expressed with ease and grace in Greek, while it becomes difficult and heavy in Latin, English, French, German. Greek is the most perfect language, because it expresses the thoughts of the most perfect people .”
The distinguished Hellenist and linguist Spanish professor FR Adrados , a foreign partner of the Academy of Athens, has repeatedly stated that Western European languages are Semi-Hellenic or Crypto-Hellenic .
THE INVENTOR OF TONES AND SPIRITS
It is also worth noting that Aristophanes of Byzantium (2nd century BC) is considered the first to refine and apply tones and spirits .
THE FAISTUS DISC
“On the “disc of Phaistos” dating before 1200 BC. (which was found in Crete and has not been deciphered until today) the letters B G L Y are clearly “printed” .
CLAY DOCUMENTS 2,000 BC
Michael Ventris and John Chadwick argued for the first time that the “baked clay tablets, from the second millennium BC, found at Pylos, Knossos, Mycenae and other places, contained Greek writings that came from the ancient Mycenaean Kingdoms”” .
The Mycenaeans , as FR Adrados recently pointed out (following others), were Greek, written with the help of an ancient syllabic script that was subsequently forgotten .
OSWALD PANAGL: THE LINEAR VARIATION OF ANCIENT GREEK
Also, in his speech at the Academy of Athens (March 8-10, 2013), the distinguished Austrian linguist and Mycenologist Osvald Panagl mentioned that: The above tablets (of Knossos, Pylos, Mycenae) were written in a primitive variant of ancient Greek, 500 years earlier of the linguistic idiom of the Homeric Epics. Consequently, their date goes back to around 1300 BC.
ICLAIN OF MESSINIA: LINEAR II OF 1450 BC.
The Archaeologist M. Kosmopoulos in Iklaina Messinia with Linear B of 1450 BC.
Recently in Iklaina of Messinia (14 km from Pylos) the archaeologist Michael Kosmopoulos , a professor at the University of Missouri in the USA (responsible for excavations since 1998 in this area), found “among rubble and garbage” the oldest clay tablet to date Linear B dated between 1450 and 1400 BC. , as he informed me in his relevant letter.
OINOCHOES OF DIPYLOS
Winemaker Dipylos Kerameikos of 740 BC. with the letters:”THE CURRENT ORCHESTRA ALWAYS PLAYS TODE KAN MIN…”which according to Babiniotis means “1. Which of the musicians dances more lightly than all 2a. this (the vessel, the wine-cup) belongs to him and if you [see him, wish him every happiness] 2b. let him take it (the vessel)”National Archaeological Museum
However, the oldest alphabetic inscription , engraved on a clay vessel, in ” Oinochoi of Dipylus ” is from the 8th BC. aἰ.: ” THE CURRENT ORCHESTRA ALWAYS PLAYS THIS FOR TEN MINUTES “. However, in view of the above, this inscription should not be the oldest. Taking into account that to date less than 5% of the Greek Secretariat has been known, it is reasonable to expect that in the future new findings will be brought to light by the archaeological hoe.
INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGE
According to the linguist professor at Charles Sturt University in Australia George Kanarakis (and other researchers), based on historical comparative linguistics, “the Greek language does not belong to any of the language groups of the Indo-European family and is therefore classified as an isolated language within the context of its homolingualism.” The term Indo-Europeans was introduced in 1813 by the British linguist, physician and physicist Thomas Young (1779-1829).
The top international linguist – Hellenist FR Adrados in his announcement at the Academy of Athens said that the Minoans “whom we do not know how to define with precision, but they were not Indo-Europeans – the people who wrote the “Phaeisto disc” were not Europeans ”, neither they where they wrote the Mycenaean script.”
aDNA
The prevailing opinion, contrary to that of Sir Arthur Evans (according to which Libyans and Egyptians immigrated to Crete developing the Minoan civilization), is that the Minoans do not belong to the linguistically Indo-European populations that settled Europe in the Neolithic era . However, the research team of Georgios Stamatogiannopoulos , Professor of Genetics and Genetic Medicine at G. Washington University , in collaboration with Greek and foreign scientists of various specialties, isolated αDNA (ancient DNA) from Minoan remains 4,300 years old and determined the polymorphisms of the mitochondrion, the who they have the characteristics of European culture . Extremely interesting is a recent publication by him and his collaborators entitled ” Population Genetics and the Theory of the Alleged Extinction of the Greeks of the Peloponnese during the Middle Ages ” that I announced at the Academy of Athens (27/4/2017), which proves that the Population Genetics can clarify important issues of origin and history of the Human population.
SANSKRIT IS BASED ON GREEK
The distinguished German linguist Franz Bopp (editor of the Comparative Grammar in 1857) has argued that Sanskrit is based on Greek, and not the other way around .
CONCLUSIONS Based on the above, we can reach the following conclusions:1.
Plato laid the foundations of the Etymology of the Greek language , which is
preeminently semantic (conceptual), that is, there is a causal relationship between words and their etymological meaning.2. Research through
aDNA showed that there were expansions of population groups from the Russian steppes both to the West (toward Central and Western Europe) and to the East of Europe, through the Asian steppes.
A genetic signature of migrations to Greece has not been confirmed until today , however, if such exists, according to the top linguist J. Mallory, it will be very small in relation to the
indigenous population settled in Greece at the time.3.
The term Indo-Europeans is purely linguistic and does not imply any racial type of person. The existence of an Indo-European race is strongly disputed by leading specialist scientists, based on recent genetic data.
It is time for the old Indo-European case to be removed from the textbooks .4. The inclusion of ANCIENT-GREEK in the “Indo-European” common language is not disputed, however,
the mother-language of this common language remains unknown . However, as previously discussed,
ANCIENT-Greek seems to be superior to the other languages (including Sanskrit), however the question of the time of its appearance in the Greek space remains open (according to Dr. I. Lazaridis).5. In the Greek area, and specifically
in Crete, the first writing system with ideograms (hieroglyphs) appears 5,000 years ago,
followed approximately 4,000 years ago by Linear A’(which has not yet been deciphered),
which is succeeded before 3,500 years (15th BC) the Linear B script (including vowels), which was deciphered as Greek by the British architect M. Ventris. According to the famous linguist – Mycenologist
Osvald Panagl, the tablets of Knossos and Mycenae date from around 1300 BC, of Pylos around 1200 BC, while the distinguished archaeologist
M. Kosmopoulos discovered in Iklaina (14 km from Pylos) the oldest to date clay tablet of Linear B, dated around 1450-1400 BC .6. In the Middle East and specifically
in the former Phenicia it appears around 1150 BC. the so-called Phoenician-Semitic writing system, which is not an alphabet but a syllabary without vowels, with 22 consonants, (which do not include the Greek consonants
X, F, Ψ .)
If there was writing during the time of the Trojan War (i.e. before 1200 BC), the hypothesis that the Greeks took the writing system (Syllabary) from the Phoenicians is shaky, lacking credibility .7.
The first alphabet in the world is the Greek, from the 8th BC. aἰ Originally it had 27 letters, from 403 BC. 24 letters, after removing the digamma, Kopa and sabi . However, there are serious indications based on historical sources (Homeric Epistles, Mistriotis, etc.) and archaeological findings, that
the Greek alphabet is much more ancient, possibly dating back to the years of the Trojan War (Mistriotis, Apollodorus, etc.), it is much more
likely that Homeric Epics to have been handed down in writing (Mistriotis, J. Highget, H. Blanc, Jacqueline De Romiguy).
In view of the above, it is necessary to continue the interdisciplinary research, whose conclusions of the different sciences should converge, especially towards those of Archaeogenetics and Population Genetics , due to their rapid evolutions. The Greek language, a phenomenon of continuity and radiation, continues to be an object of admiration and study by leading linguists, Hellenists and intellectuals. According to the world-renowned Hellenist and professor of linguistics FR Adrados, Greek has left its indelible stamp on all the Western European languages that are considered semi-Hellenic or crypto-Hellenic , and according to the famous Hellenist professor at the University of Oxford Gilbert Murray, Greek is the most perfect language of the world . Indeed, the Greek language, written and spoken, is an achievement of the human spirit of unsurpassed perfection .
THE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE VS “PHOENICIAN” DECEPTION.
H E R E: AN EXAMPLE OF AN I D E N T I C A L- C L A S S I C A L VARIATION OF A STANZA …, …………….
********************** J U S T………………V O W E L S!!!! ********************
( A N C I E N T G R E E K // ATTICA DIALECT)
A YOUNG MOTHERS WISH TO HER BABY SON :
“ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ” = AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYSTHE FLAME OF LIFE = ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥΗ ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ (TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK).
ANALYTICTRASLATIONIN ORDERFROM; ANCIENT GREEK – NEW GREEK – ENGLISH
ΟΙΑ = ΟΠΩΣ= AS
ΗΩ = Η ΑΥΓΉ = THE DAWN
Ω ΥΙΕ = ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ = OH MY SON
ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ = BE ALWAYS
(TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK) :
ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ =
= AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYS!!
Η ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ=THE FLAME OF LIFE=2135
ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = 2135
ATTENTION: – GO AFTER THE ANCIENT ALPHABET INDEX
The earliest numerical notation used by the Greeks was the Attic system. It employed the vertical stroke for a one, and symbols for“5”, “10”, “100”, “1000”, and “10,000”. Though there was some steam lining of its use. The (IONIAN)) Greek system of enumeration was a VERY SOPHISTICATED one, Like the ATTICA SYSTEM it was also DECIMAL Its distinguishing feature is that it was alphabetical and required the use of more than 27 different symbols for numbers plus a couple of other symbols for meaning. This made the system somewhat cumbersome to use. However, calculation lends itself to a great deal of skill within almost any system, the Greek system being no exception. ” Greek Enumeration and Basic Number Formation First, we note that the number symbols were the same as the letters of the Greek alphabet. symbol value symbol value symbol value ! 1 ” 10 # 100 $ 2 % 20 & 200 ‘ 3 ( 30 ) 300 * 4 + 40 , 400 – 5 . 50 / 500 6 0 60 1 600 2 7 3 70 4 700 5 8 6 80 7 800 8 9 90 900 where three additional characters, the (digamma), the (koppa), 1°c 2000, G. Donald Allen Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 2 and the (sampi) are used. Hence, &62 = 287 Larger Numbers Larger numbers were also available. The thousands, 1000 to 9000, were represented by placing adiacritical mark ! before a unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 In other sources we see the diacritical mark placed as a subscript before the unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 The uses of a M was used to represent numbers from 10,000 on up. Thus 9! = 50: 000 9″#&62 = 120: 287 Alternatively, depending on the history one reads 9 – = 50: 000 9!% ¢ &62 = 120: 287 Archimedes, in his book The Sand Reckoner, calculated the number of grains of sand to fill the universe”. This required him to develop an extention the power of Greek enumeration to include very large numbers. Fractions In the area of fractions, context was crucial for correctly reading a fraction. A diacritical mark was placed after the denominator of the (unit) fraction. So, $ ! = 1 2 ;<= +$ ! = 1 42 but this latter example could also mean 40 ! ” . More complex fractions could be written as well, with context again being important. The numerator was written with an overbar. Thus, .! 6* = 51 84 Numerous, similar, representations also have been used, with increasing sophistication over time. Indeed, Diophantus uses a fractional form identical to ours but with the numerator and denominator in reversed positions. 2The reader may ask, ”What universe?” It was the universe of Aristarchos the so called ‘ancient Copernicus’ because he proposed a sun centered universe with the earth and other planet orbiting it. More on this later. Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 3 # Calculation The arithmetic operations are complex in that so many symbols are used. However, as you can imagine, addition amounts to grouping and then carrying. For example 5+7= – + 2 = %$ = 12, not terribly unlike what we do. Multiplication was carried out using the distributive law. For example: &62 ¢ $ = (& + 6 + 2) £ $ = (200 + 80 + 7) £ 2 = 400 + 160 + 14 = 574 = /3*
A vast knowledge locked-coded into words because of mathematical values they have. One of the pioneers on the matter was maximum Pythagoras.
The numbers, shapes, harmony and the stars have something in common, so respectively mathematics (numbers) geometry (shape), harmony (music) and astro-nomy (one star = a-choris- bracket + natural nomoipou govern ) were sisters sciences by Pythagoras, which in this series we discussed was the ladder to development (= ex -tou- helix, DNA) of mind-soul to the Creator.
A Creator who created based on these four disciplines. 27 symbols-figures in numerical value make up the Greek Alphabet, 3 groups of 9 numbers-symbols each group, totaling each group 45, 450, 4,500. ALPHA = 1 + 30 + 500 + 1 = 532 => 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 EN = 5 + 50 = 55 => 5 + 5 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 OMIKRON = 70 + 40 + 10 + 20 + 100 + 70 + 50 = 360, as there are degrees of the circle
To be able to understand the meanings of the concepts of words of ancient Greek tongue should first know a little about the actual Greek language.
The ancient Greek language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The ancient Greek language is a MATHEMATICAL MASTERPIECE that wè`ll try to approach.
The beginning of everything is the same as the Ancient Greek alphabet (which of course we did not get it from someone else as we shall see, because factually not possible). The letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole was 33 and as many vertebrae, the last five vertebrae (playing the role of the antenna) directly related to the brain and corresponding to the last 5 ineffable letters which only the priests knew * one of them It was the right (or Gammadion) which in Latin became swstika and the Nazis stole and name Swastika. This symbol is the life-giving Sun (Apollo), the Nazis reversed it to symbolize the opposite of life-giving Sun, ie dark death.
There were also some letters which over time abolished as Digamma (F, Qoppa (Q), stigma (S ‘), Saba (ϡ) Pythagoras inform us about the 3 levels of Greek language which are:
1. Talking 2. Signifier (a. Signal b. Signified) 3. caches (a. Time b. Vibration c. Lexarithmos d. Tonarithmos) -The First is the speech -The Second is the relationship between the mark and the signified that we will analyze below. -The Third is the interval (distance & time), vibration (which awakens the brain through resonance frequencies of the created pulses – Pallas Athena) the lexarithmos (relation of letters and words with numbers) and tonarithmos (relation of letters and words of tunes )
Each letter corresponding to a number, and a musical tone so letter = number = tone (musician), which shows that in our language behind letters-words are numbers (lexarithmoi) and musical sounds (tonarithmoi).
The four sisters sciences by Pythagoras were: 1. Numbers (mathematics) 2. Shapes (Geometry – γεωμετρια); from: geo+metria=earth measure, meter. 3. Music (Harmony)(nine muses..) 4. Astronomy (Astro+nomia from nomos=law)
The above sciences are interrelated with the Ancient Hellenic Language and are into each another like Russian bampouskes. Combine alphabet enclosing numbers and musical tones with these 4 disciplines.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2. Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres thus speak a language that has to do with the flow of the universe.
PHOENICIAN “ALPHABET”: AN HISTORICAL DECEPTION
This theory:
1. Completely rejects the theorem that the Greek language came from another language (the so-called “Indo-European”!!!), since it is PROVEN to be the only NON-conventional language of the world. In other words, the only language where a relationship betweenthe “word” (as a form) and the “meaning of the word” is established.
2. Consequently, it is proven that Greek is the first and only created language of the human species which provided the basis for all “conventional” languages, as are all the other languages of the world (where there is no causative relationship between the form and the meaning). These other languages are a corrupt form of Greek.
3. This theory proves, without a doubt, that the alphabet was created by the Greeks so that the 24 or 27 code letters would aid in attributing the meanings of the Greek words (and only of these).
4. Comparatively, this theory shows that the symbols of the Phoenician writings and their nouns, e.g., “alef” = ox, “beth” = hut, “gimel = camel, etc., not only do not contain coded meaning, but are also associated or refer to [the] primitive animal conditions – [one would expect in a culturally backward society].
”Τό πού, πόθ’ όπερ κρίνεται τού χρόνου” !!!(ancient Greek=” Where, what is it that is judged by time ”)
(Χρυσό ενεπίγραφο φύλλο μυρτιάς ή δάφνης, τέλος 4ου αι. π.Χ./ Από το ανατολικό νεκροταφείο της Πέλλας/Φέρει στικτή επιγραφή σε τρεις στίχους: ΦΕΡΣΕΦΟΝΗΙ ΠΟΣΕΙΔΙΠΠΟΣ ΜΥΣΤΗΣ ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ/Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Πέλλας)
(Gold engraved leaf of myrtle or laurel, end of the 4th century BC / From the east cemetery of Pella / It has a dotted inscription on three lines: FERSEFONHI POSEIDIPPOS MYTIS EYSEVIS / Ephorate of Antiquities of Pella the capital of ancient Macedonia)
Overwhelming evidence that one of the most important discoveries in the history of civilization is Greek ,a deception that usurps and distorts Greek History and Civilization. It is of utmost importance that the truth be restored not only for modern Greece, but also for thewhole of humanity.The deception that alphabetical script was discovered by the Phoenicians is a long-lived one.For the past 14 years [the Greek scholarly magazine] Davlos has published numerous articleson this problem. This prompted K. Katis to ask that we submit a relevant article for hismainstream daily so that this important issue would become known to a wider audience.
This article summarizes the strong evidence against the “Phoenician Deception,” and proves that the greatest discovery in the history of civilization is Greek. We believe it necessary to republish this article in [this issue of] Davlos exactly as it appeared in the daily.
A SCIENTIFIC MONSTROSITY.
According to linguistic theory, an “alphabet” is defined as “the sum of symbols following a specific sequence and order used to ascribe the essential utterances of a language, under thecondition that each utterance represents only one symbol and vice-versa”. Consequently, in alphabetical script (as an example, in the writings of the people of Europe, America,Australian, as well as the other parts of the world) each letter represents one essential sound.This is not true for the imperfect alphabets expressed through syllables where each symbolrepresents a syllable (with two or more voiced sounds). For example, in Greek Linear A and B, there is a symbol that represents the syllable ko (k + o), a symbol that represents the syllable po (p + o), etc. In Phoenician writing (which has only consonants and no vowels), this situation is even worse, as far as we can tell from the small amount of existing samples.
IN PHOENICIAN, EACH SYMBOL IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO ONE SPECIFIC SYLLABLE, BUT TO A VARIETY OF SYLLABLES, AND THUS THE READER CAN USE HIS IMAGINATION WHEN ATTEMPTING TO DECIPHER THE SOUNDS. FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE CONSONANTS WHICH CAN BE READ AS EITHER BA, BOU, BE, BI, BO, ETC. OTHERS IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAT CAN BE READ AS GOU, GA, GE, GO, AND SO ON. CONSEQUENTLY, PHOENICIAN SCRIPT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN ALPHABET, AND IS NOT EVEN AN ADVANCED FORM OF SYLLABIC SCRIPT NEARING THE PERFECTION OF THE EQUIVALENT GREEK SYLLABIC WRITINGS. IT IS TRULY AMAZING TO THINK THAT, IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD OF THE PAST 150 YEARS, THE ALMOST CONTRADICTORY TERM OF “PHOENICIAN ALPHABET” HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED, WHICH, IN REALITY REFERS TO A TYPE OF WRITING THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH AN ALPHABET. IT IS EVEN MORE UNBELIEVABLE TO THINK THAT THE SCIENTIFIC DOGMA THAT GREEK CAME FROM PHOENICIAN HAS BEEN ENFORCED. NOT ONLY THE PHOENICIAN IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAN GREEK LINEAR A AND B.
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=DKCPURQQS2Y
GREEKNESS OF THE ALPHABET
A) ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THE THEORY THAT THE ALPHABET IS A PHOENICIAN DISCOVERY HAS BEEN MAINTAINED THROUGH THE ARGUMENT, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THAT CERTAIN SYMBOLS OF PHOENICIAN WRITING ARE SIMILAR TO THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET. FOR EXAMPLE, THE PHOENICIAN ALEF IS THE REVERSE OR SIDEWAYS GREEK “A.” THIS ARGUMENT WAS A STRONG ONE UNTIL ABOUT 100 YEARS AGO, WHEN LINGUISTS AND HISTORIANS STILL MAINTAINED THAT THE GREEKS DID NOT KNOW HOW TO WRITE BEFORE 800 B. C.! AROUND 1900 A.D., HOWEVER, ARTHUR EVANS EXCAVATED THE GREEK MINOAN CRETE AND DISCOVERED THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS, WHOSE SYMBOLS CORRESPONDED TO 17 OF THE 24 LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET. GIVEN THAT (A), THE MOST ANCIENT EVIDENCE OF THE GREEK SCRIPTS (LINEAR A AND LINEAR B) THAT WERE LATER DISCOVERED IN PYLOS, MYCENAE, MENIDI AND THEBES — BUT ALSO IN MORE NORTHERN AREAS UP TO THE DANUBE RIVER AS WELL — WERE DATED TO BEFORE 1500 B.C. AND (B), THAT THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR WRITINGS APPEAR IN HISTORY NO EARLIER THAN 1300 BC, EVANS WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO EXPRESS DOUBTS ABOUT THE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS RECEIVED THEIR SCRIPT FROM THE PHOENICIANS. HE PUT FORWARD THE SCIENTIFIC SUSPICION THAT IT WAS PROBABLY THE OTHER WAY ROUND. THE DOUBTS PERTAINING AS TO WHO WAS FIRST — THE PHOENICIANS OR THE GREEKS — IN DISCOVERING WRITING, BECAME A CERTAINTY WHEN FRENCH PROFESSOR, PAUL FORE, AN INTERNATIONALLY ACCLAIMED SPECIALIST ON PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY, PUBLISHED A REPORT IN NESTOR (AN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA — 16TH YEAR, 1989, PAGE 2288). IN THIS REPORT, HE SUBMITS AND DECIPHERS PLATES WITH GREEK LINEAR WRITING FOUND AT THE CYCLOPEAN WALL OF PILIKATES, IN ITHACA, DATED, THROUGH THE USE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS, BACK TO 2700 B.C., THE LANGUAGE OF THESE PLATES WAS GREEK, AND THE DECODING BY PROFESSOR FORE RESULTED IN THE FOLLOWING SYLLABIC TEXT, EXPRESSED PHONETICALLY: A]RE-DA-TI. DA-MI-U-A-.A-TE-NA-KA-NA-RE (IJA)-TE. THE PHONETIC EQUIVALENT OF THIS IS TRANSLATED, ALWAYS ACCORDING TO THE PROFESSOR, AS: “ΙΔΟΎ ΤΙ ΕΓΏ Η ΑΡΕΔΆΤΙΣ ΔΊΔΩ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΣΣΑΝ, ΤΗΝ ΘΕΆΝ ΡΈΑΝ: 100 ΑΊΓΑΣ, 10 ΠΡΌΒΑΤΑ, 3 ΧΟΊΡΟΥΣ” [HERE IS WHAT I, AREDATIS, GIVES TO THE QUEEN- GODDESS REA, 100 GOATS, 10 SHEEP, 3 PIGS]. (SEE, “DAVLOS” MAGAZINE, ISSUE 107, NOVEMBER 1990, PAGE 6103). THUS, FORE PROVED THAT THE GREEKS WERE WRITING AND SPEAKING GREEK AT LEAST 1400 YEARS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR SCRIPT IN HISTORY. BUT, THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GREECE DURING THE LAST 15 YEARS HAVE GIVEN US MANY MORE GREAT SURPRISES: THE GREEKS WERE WRITING USING NOT ONLY LINEAR A AND B, BUT ALSO A TYPE OF WRITING IDENTICAL TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET SINCE AT LEAST 6000 B.C. IN FACT, AT DISPILIO, IN THE LAKE OF KASTORIA, IN NORTHERN GREECE, PROFESSOR G. HOUMOUZIADIS DISCOVERED A PLATE WITH WRITING VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET, WHICH WAS DATED, USING RADIOACTIVE CARBON- 14 AND VISUAL PHOTOTHERMAL METHODOLOGY, BACK TO 5250 B.C. (SEE DAVLOS, ISSUE 147). THREE YEARS LATER, N. SAMSON, A CURATOR OF THE PREHISTORIC AND CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES DEPARTMENT, DISCOVERED SHARDS OF VASES (“OSTRAKA”) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE PRESENT GREEK ALPHABET WHILE EXCAVATING AT THE “CYCLOP’S CAVE,” ON THE DESERTED ISLAND OF YIOURA, NEAR THE INHABITED ISLAND OF ALONNISSOS, IN THE NORTHERN SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX. THESE VASES WERE DATED TO5,500 TO 6,000 B.C. WITH THE SAME METHODS (SEE “DAVLOS,” ISSUE 185, MAY 1997). THE SAME ARCHAEOLOGIST, WHILE PERFORMING EXCAVATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF MILOS, DISCOVERED VESSELS OF THE PROTO-CYCLADIC PERIOD (MID-3RD MILLENNIUM B.C.) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS:
“X,” “N,” “M,” “K,” “Ξ” [KSI],”Π” [P], “Ο,” & “Ε.” (SEE N. SAMSON’S INTERVIEW IN DAVLOS,ISSUE 204, DECEMBER 1998, PAGE 12749.)
IT IS APPARENT THAT THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE GIVEN A “COMICAL’ CHARACTER TO THE SO-CALLED “PHOENICIAN THEORY” ON THE DISCOVERY OF WRITING. IN ADDITION, THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED CHRONOLOGICAL DATING OF GREEK HISTORY AS IT IS TAUGHT TODAY, AS WELL AS THE WORLD HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION ITSELF. (SEE ALSO THE BOOK BY CON. KOUTROUVELLI, “RE- ESTABLISHING THE CHRONOLOGY OF PREHISTORIC TIMES BASED PRIMARILY ON ASTRONOMICAL INFORMATION FROM ANCIENT WRITERS,” DAVLOS PUBLISHING, 1999.)
b) The somewhat mathematical proof
While the house-of-cards which provided “proof”‘ of the so-called “Phoenician alphabet” was being torn down by archaeological discoveries, another overwhelming piece of evidence surfaced. This evidence was offered to us by the 20-year long discreet and timid research of the Greek Language and Writing by a great researcher, Elias Tsatsomoiros. Unfortunately E.Tsatsomoiros passed away on December 19th 1991, after having, however, completed his revolutionary work, History of the Genesis of the Greek Language-from the hunter-gatherer to the time of Zeus-the Deciphering of the Greek Alphabet. The undersigned [writer of this article] had the honor of publishing and editing this work (Davlos Publishing, 1991), but also the honor of having worked closely with the researcher for more than a decade. We had long discussions on the numerous problems arising from the research, and we had published a series of articles in Davlos magazine. This memorable researcher proved in a remarkable way that every letter of the Greek alphabet contained a consistent code meaning, which is literally introduced either exactly or metaphorically within the general meaning of the Greek word it belongs to, as a partial meaning. Consequently, every (ancient) Greek word is basically an acronym (similar to D(imosia) E (picheirisi) H(lektrismou) [=ΔΕΗ in Greek, or as U(nited) N(ations), in English], where every letter provides a significant or less significant notional element, and then, they all together provide the logical definition of the meaning expressed bythe word. The “significant difference” of each word’s meaning is usually provided by the firstletter. Obviously, there is not enough space in this article to present the code meaning of the letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole, as they are analyzed in this revolutionary volume of research in the field of human speech. As an example, I will choose only one of the now days 24 letters (orinaly 27) of the Hellenic alphabet, “Ypsilon” = “Y” or, small case, “u” (pronounced, long-e “eepsilon,” the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, and familiar to us as “Y” in the so-called “Latin” alphabet– which is nothing more than a variationof the Greek “Chalcidean” alphabet). Ypsilon, therefore, as its shape indicates, has the code meaning of “a cavity” οr, if reversed, of a “convexity.” This meaning is introduced into the words containing this letter, and sometimes, by extension into the meaning of liquids (which, through their natural flow end up filling the “cavity”). I will quickly mention some of the names of vessels and liquids (such as the amphiconical κ-Υ-πελλο which is dated back to 2700 B.C. and is displayed at the Heraklion Museum). One may add to the words mentioned there, many others, such as kot-Y-li, go-Y-ttos, tr-Y-blion, p-Y-xis, amphore-Y-s, b-Y-tion, l-Y-chnos, procho-Y-s, ske-Y-os, etc, all having the meaning of a curvedobject. Also, some other words such as k-Y-hsis (rounding of the stomach ofan eng-Y-os [pregnant] woman); k-Y-ma (curving on the surface of the ocean); cr-Y-pti (curving of the ground); the preposition [h-Y-po] Y-po (meaning under a certain level); h-Y-per (preposition meaning above acertain level); Y-psos =height; and all of the hundreds of words that have h-Y-po or h-Y-per as a prefix, as well as thousands of others. This discovery, which unfortunately has been officially ignored, is a continuation of the forgotten Platonic approach to the problem of language (see Plato’s Cratylus ).
THE HERODOTUS EXTRACT
ALL THE GREEK WRITERS WHO MENTION THE ALPHABET (THEY CALLED IT “GRAMMATA”) CONSIDER IT A VERY ANCIENT GREEK INVENTION (BY PROMETHEUS, PALAMEDES, LINUS, ETC). THE THEORY OF THE PHOENICIAN ALPHABET WAS ALWAYS, AND IS STILL, BASED ON AN EXCEPTION TO THIS GENERAL RULE. THISEXCEPTION IS AN EXCERPT FROM HERODOTUS, THAT HE HIMSELF PRESENTS AS HIS ‘PERSONAL OPINION’ (“ΩΣ ΕΜΟΙ ΔΟΚΕΕΙ” = “AS IT SEEMS TO ME”). THIS OPINION WAS FORMED BASED ON THE SAYINGS OF OTHERS, AS HE HIMSELF MENTIONS IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS (“ΑΝΑΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ” = TAKING INFORMATION FROM OTHERS). LET US HAVE A LOOK AT THE HERODOTUS’ EXCERPT (HISTORY, E 58): [58. AS FAR AS THE PHOENICIANS, THEY, WHO ARRIVED WITH CADMUS, INCLUDING THE GEFIRAIOI, HAD LIVED IN MANY OTHER PLACES AND INTRODUCED ALSO ARTS (NEW AND UNKNOWN) TO THE GREEKS; IN FACT, AND ALSO (SOME) WRITING, WHICHHAD NOT BEEN KNOWN TO THE GREEKS BEFORE THAT, AS I THINK, FIRST THIS WRITING WHICH WAS USED BY ALL THE PHOENICIANS. WITH THE PASSING OF TIME, HOWEVER, THE PHOENICIANS CHANGED THIS TYPE OF WRITING ALONG WITH THEIR LANGUAGE.]
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT THIS EXCERPT IS THAT IN THE CRITICAL PHRASE “… AMA TIN FONI METEVALLON KAI TON RHITHMON TON GRAMMATON,” IT IS DISCLOSED THAT THE PHOENICIANS-GEFIRAIOI THAT WENT TO VIOTIA WITH CADMUS BROUGHT SOME FORM OF WRITING WITH THEM. BUT, AS THE PHOENICIANS “CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE” (THEY LEARNED GREEK, IN OTHER WORDS), THEY ALSO CHANGED THEIR WRITING (THEY STARTED WRITING, THEREFORE, WITH THE EXISTING ANCIENT GREEK WRITING THAT ALREADY EXISTED IN VIOTIA). ALTHOUGH THIS STATEMENT WAS MADE BY HERODOTUS, THE TRANSLATORS, SUBSEQUENTLY, PROVIDED THE TRANSLATION [MEANING] THAT THE LOCAL GREEK VIOTES AND NOT THE PHOENICIAN EMIGRANTS CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE AND WRITING AND ADOPTED THE PHOENICIAN! THIS GENERALLY INCOHERENT REFERENCE TO THE ALPHABET, AS IT HAS BEEN SAVED, HAS BEEN OBVIOUSLY ALTERED AND MEDDLED WITH, WHO KNOWS BY WHOM AND WHEN. LET US LOOK AT THE SUSPICIOUS CONTINUATION OF THE TEXT, AS IT HAS ARRIVED TO US:
AROUND THEM (THE PHOENICIANS) LIVED AT THAT PLACE DURING THAT YEAR (YEAR OF CADMUS) IONIAN GREEKS, WHO RECEIVED THROUGH CONTACT OR THROUGH TEACHINGS BY THE PHOENICIANS THEIR WRITINGS, CHANGING THEIR OWN WRITING WHICH THEY USED LITTLE. WHEN USING THIS WRITING AND SINCE THIS WRITING HAD BEEN INTRODUCED TO GREECE BY PHOENICIANS, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN.
IONIAN GREEKS LIVING AROUND THE PHOENICIANS RECEIVED THE PHOENICIAN WRITING AND, USING A FEW OF ITS LETTERS, SINCE THEY HAD ALTERED THEM AND SINCE IT WAS JUST, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN-TO PAY TRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE WHO BROUGHT IT TO GREECE, IS A STRIKING CONTRADICTION. CONSEQUENTLY, ONE CAN ASSUME THAT THIS IS A FORGED PARAGRAPH, HYPOTHETICALLY EXPLANATORY, WHICH AIMS TO REDUCE THE PREVIOUS STATEMENT “…AS THEY CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE, THEY CHANGED THEIR WRITING,” TO AN UNIMPORTANT STATEMENT. THIS IS HOW THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS SUBSTANTIATED AND IS MAINTAINED AS AN OBVIOUS FORGERY.
IN ADDITION
THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS ESTABLISHED IN EUROPE DURING A TIME, WHEN, AS THE RENOWNED BRITISH CLASSICAL SCHOLAR, S. G. REMBROKE (THE LEGACY OF GREECE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1984) WROTE, “THE PHOENICIANS WERE GIVEN AN INTERMEDIARY ROLE “THAT IS NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL INFORMATION”. A ROLE, IN OTHER WORDS, OF THE TRANSPORTER OF WISDOM AND CIVILIZATION FROM THE “CHOSEN” PEOPLE OF ISRAEL TO THE “UNCIVILIZED” NATIONS, AND SPECIFICALLY THE GREEKS. THIS, OF COURSE, COULD BE FORGIVEN, SINCE THIS WAS ESTABLISHED AROUND THE END OF THE MEDIEVAL AGES, WHEN RELIGIOUS FANATICISM AND BACKWARDNESS HAD REACHED SUCH A POINT THAT THE DAUGHTER OF AGAMEMNON, IPHIGENIA, IS PRESENTED AS THE DAUGHTER OF IEPHTHA; DEUKALION IS PRESENTED (CENTURIES LATER & COPIED & TWISTED,..AS…”NOAH”(!!)???!!!. APPIS IS A CONSUL OF JOSEPH? APOLLO, PRIAMOS, TIRESIAS, AND ORPHEUS: OF MOSES?… THE STORY OF THE OF THE ISRAELITES FROM EGYPT TO PALESTINE, AND OTHER SIMILAR DISTORTIONS IS A VERY BAD & TWISTED COPPY OF THE ARGONAUTS IS THE CROSSING. THE ABOVE ARE NOTED BY REMBROKE.
AND WE CONCLUDE: AT THE TIME, HELLENISM WAS IN COMATOSE SPIRITUAL CONDITION REGARDING NATIONAL AND HISTORICAL AWARENESS, AND THEREFORE TOTALLY UNABLE TO DEFEND ITS HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION, AND FOR THIS REASON COULD NOT REACT AND DID NOT REACT. TODAY, IT IS WITH OURTOLERANCE THAT OUR LANGUAGE IS DEEMED “INDO-EUROPEAN,” AND OUR WRITING “PHOENICIAN,” OUR ATHENA AND OUR SOCRATES ARE PRESENTED AS “BLACKS,” AND OUR CIVILIZATION AS “AFRICAN.” WHAT SPIRITUAL SITUATION ARE WE IN NOW? [I.E., WHAT’S OUR EXCUSE THIS TIME?]
NOTES: ON PAGE 13745 OF THIS ARTICLE, IS A PICTURE OF A PIECE OF SHARD [POTTERY] DATED TO 6,000 B.C., FOUND ON THE ISLET OF YOURA OF THE NORTH SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX WITH GREEK ALPHABETICAL WRITINGS. ONE CAN SEE THE LETTERS “A,” “Y,” & “D” [ALPHA, EEPSILON, AND DELTA ], ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS OF THE CLASSICAL ALPHABETS. THIS FINDING PROVES THAT THE GREEK ALPHABET IS OLDER THAN THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS. THIS FINDING ALSO COMPLETELY AND DEFINITELY DISPROVES THE FALSE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS GOT THEIR ALPHABET FROM THE PHOENICIANS, WHO MADE THEIR HISTORICAL APPEARANCE AROUND 1300 B.C., IN OTHER WORDS ABOUT 4,500 TO 5,000 YEARS AFTER THE CREATION OF THIS PLAQUE AT YOURA. ON PAGE 13747 ARE SHOWN LETTER-SYMBOLS FROM THE PROTO-CYCLADIC VESSELS OF MILOS (MID-THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.). ONE CAN DISTINGUISH THE [LETTER] “X” [CHI] TO THE LEFT AND THE [LETTER] “N” TO THE RIGHT. THESE LETTERS ARE WRITTEN JUST AS THE LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET ARE WRITTEN TODAY.
THE SPEECH AND CLEAR CONFESSION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT(ALEXANDROS O MEGAS) TO BOTH ATHENIANS AND PERSIANS.
-Had I not greatly at heart the Common welfare of Greece I should not have come to tell you; but I am myself Greek by descent, (“te gar Hellên genos eimi tôrchaion“) and I would not willingly see Greece exchange freedom for slavery. …If you prosper in this war, forget not to do something for my freedom; consider the risk I have run, out of zeal for the Greek Cause,….I am Alexander of Macedon‘
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander the First was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably
FIRSTLY WE INTEND TO EXAMINE THE ANCIENT EVIDENCE ON THE WAY THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS WERE DEFINING THEMSELVES IN REFERENCE TO THEIR OWN IDENTITY. CONCERNING THEIR OWN BELIEFS ABOUT THEMSELVES WE SHALL REVIEW THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMING FROM THE ANCIENT SOURCES, BOTH LITERARY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL. A. THE LITERARY EVIDENCE THE FIRST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMES FROM THE MACEDONIAN KING ALEXANDER DURING HIS SPEECH TO ATHENEANS. ESSENTIALLY WE HAVE A CLEAR CONFESSION THAT ALEXANDER CONSIDERS HIMSELF A GREEK. -HAD I NOT GREATLY AT HEART THE COMMON WELFARE OF GREECE I SHOULD NOT HAVE COME TO TELL YOU; BUT I AM MYSELF GREEK BY DESCENT, (“TE GAR HELLÊN GENOS EIMI TÔRCHAION“) AND I WOULD NOT WILLINGLY SEE GREECE EXCHANGE FREEDOM FOR SLAVERY. …IF YOU PROSPER IN THIS WAR, FORGET NOT TO DO SOMETHING FOR MY FREEDOM; CONSIDER THE RISK I HAVE RUN, OUT OF ZEAL FOR THE GREEK CAUSE,….I AM ALEXANDER OF MACEDON‘1
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander I was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably… “
What the word EUROPE means?
..THEN one knows..What the word ΕΥΡΩΠΗ (EUROPE) means!!! ..Here: Europa being abducted by Zeus disguised as a bull, detail from an Attic (Attica was – & still is the county of Athens) krater(, 5th century; in the Tarquinia National MuseumFrom the (ΛΕΞΙΣ)-LEΞΙΣ(=Word) ops(ωψ)……comes the unknown maybe complex ευρωπός (Europe = WIDE+ViIEW), but also well-known to us bottleneck (στενωπός – steno+opos = the narrow passage), and: πρόσωπον–prosopon(= person), ενώπιον – enopion= before etc.
After all this opens the way to and from … Europe, as an element of beauty, which etymologically is only the female of “euryopa” we saw in the beginning.
THE ISOLATED WORD IS “ΕΥΡΎΟΠΑ” – “EVRYOPA” MEANING ONE WHO HAS WIDE EYES, WITH WHOM SUPERVISE EVERYTHING, THAT PERFORM AS THE “PANTEPOPTES”(=TOTAL CONTROLERS)..
In our mind now comes the Kyklop(s)-Κύκλωψ (κύκλος+ωψ) – kyclos=circle + ops) = one who has a round eye.Ex: Optic etc.
And that in turn reminds us of the Modern Hellenic the Word: presviops – From: πρέσβυς =(=γέρον=geron=elder, as geriatric ) + ωψ-ops [=sight, up vision)] = one who suffers from (πρεσβυωπία)-presbyopia, ie. By inability to clearly distinguish near objects, which is common in the elderly, and the SA (Ancient) myopic (who constricts eyelids to public).The surprises continue as it is clear from the myo (= close lips) produced another series of words, such as the little-known myzo (= drink with closed lips, suck, suck), which we find among others, Xenophon (Snooze . 4,5,27):
THE ABOVE SCIENCES ARE INTERRELATED WITH THE ANCIENT HELLENIC LANGUAGE AND ARE INTO EACH ANOTHER LIKE RUSSIAN BAMPOUSKES. COMBINE ALPHABET ENCLOSING NUMBERS AND MUSICAL TONES WITH THESE 4 DISCIPLINES.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2.THE PYTHAGORAS HEARD THE HARMONY (MUSIC) OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERES THUS SPEAK A LANGUAGE THAT HAS TO DO WITH THE FLOW OF THE UNIVERSE.
THE ENORMOUS IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC FOR THE PYTHAGOREANS
<<<<<<<<PYTHAGORAS AND MUSIC>>>>>>>
So it said that Pythagoras, and practice once, with the help spondiakou State played a piper, extinguished the rage of an intoxicated young Tafromenitou, who during the night attacked with loud voices against his mistress at the door of his rival by drawing to set fire to the house. And so, being in a tizzy and he is steady due to the Phrygian melody lumen. This passion has rapidly healed Pythagoras, who happened at that moment, at an inappropriate time, to deal with the laws governing the stars. Then said the piper to turn the Phrygian melody spondaic, with which the young man, having calmed down, returned immediately and decency in his house, and just now not only tolerated by Pythagoras or admonition, but with fury and insults He had refused to meet him.
Ancient Greek Language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The Ancient Greek language is a mathematical masterpiece that will try to approach
Written text 7270 YEARS THAT FOUND IN KASTORIA overturns ALL!
GREEKS discover ALPHABET
Once again is the Phoenician Deception Revealed!
The MYTH about the … “Phoenician … Alphabet” !!! The first written text in Europe – In 1998 Professor. G.. Hourmouziadis said the publication of the text is impossible!
It is evident that any official publication would upset the entire history of discovery on scene of writing, imprinting the articulate voice of man with letters (and not ideograms) and even in the territory of Greece, in the territory of Europe.
It overturned ie the theory that the Greeks were they, light from the east (from Babylonian, Sumerian, palm trees, etc. !!) And we had to fill the big gap of four thousand years, ie when the Eastern peoples expressed by ideograms The Greeks wrote with syllables as today. It is obvious that indicates early stage thought and culture.
According to today’s theory – taught in Greek schools – the Greeks learned writing around 800 BC “by the …..Phoenicians”(!!).
What they can NOT explain to us how the Ancient Greek language may have 800,000 entries, first language on the planet, when the next has 250,000 entries.
How can the Homeric epics were written around 800 BC ie when they learned to write Greek?
Suddenly encountered the ancient Greeks on the historical scene in the 8th century BC, with the language of hundreds of thousands of entries, which is required to create linguistic prehistory least 10,000 years (according to official American linguistic exposure).
The English language is 1,600 years old and has 48% Greek words with a total of 240,000 entries. The German is 1,700 years old and has 250,000 entries with Greek words 46%.
What troubles the historians, or because they were not lost in the dust of history and the Greeks as the Canaanites, the Sumerians, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, etc .;
The oldest organized written text found in the land of Europe and dates from before 7254 years (!) Today revealed the lake of Kastoria.
It is a wooden plaque engraved with an unknown message from a Neolithic fisherman or dealer limniaiou prehistoric settlement in dispilio, written two thousand years before the written findings of the Sumerians and four thousand years before cretomycenean clay tablets of linear writing. The shocking announcement made yesterday during the archaeological conference for this year’s excavation work in Northern Greece Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Mr. George Hourmouziadis, the document revealed during excavation last summer.
The wooden sign with the inscription dated accurately by the method of carbon-14 in the “Democritus” in 5260 (!) BC, at the end of the Middle Neolithic period.
Mr. Hourmouziadis scientific arguments concluded that the engravings of the inscription, which is organized into verses should not be decorative, but “letters” that can be integrated into the palaioeuropean system. Linear B tablets from Pylos. Used by Ventris to decipher language as Greek. 13th century BC
Tip: Astronomy = astir + Law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern weometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms. Tip 2: Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres So to speak the Ancient Greek language that has to do with the flow of the universe. It`s is the only language, that can be used for H / Y due mathimatica and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=Position: Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc if now these words to translate in English are totally unrelated.
That is not the Alphabet to be copied from somewhere else seen from that in the year 900 before the beginning of the Christian dating, Homer already available to the 6.5 million primary words (present tense and first person singular) that if the multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born. IF we compare now eg the English language has 80,000 words, of which 80% are Greek as we inform the University of Wales, and measure that this sterile language evolves 1000 years, we effortlessly draw the conclusion that Homer receives a language which has a depth in time 100,000 years ago, 500,000 years ago? Who knows… But the ultimate proof is mathimatikotita itself of which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that Creation uses mathematics, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1). Also the same mathematics have not been anywhere else as you read the following article by clicking HERE But before the “crypt” is the “means”, ie the connection of words with meanings. We said earlier that foreign dialects defined by agreement, ie some agreed that the subject of so and so will call it “X”, which makes the languages sterile, so they can give birth to new words, so there mathimatikotita therefore can not describe new concepts that exist in nature, resulting in the brain where it can not describe through new words new meanings remain in the dark, so the neurons of the brain does not generate new as opposed to those who use the Greek. How could eg the English or the French or the X, Y with a word that has 10 concepts to describe accurately and therefore clearly a deeper meaning? Especially the multiple aspects of this? Can not. Here’s why it all started here. It means then is the connection between the mark and the signified, that the word itself is created in a way that describes the meaning esokleinei inside. Example: the naming of the word curry (Walnut) comes from an observation of nature (as all words), ie when two horned animals (Rams, goats etc.) tra.kar.oun with their ker.ata hear the “crack” or “fem”, the sound he gave the name “horn” (horn) the horn gave the name hold or skull (head) and the nicknames of this curry (small head). Curry (nut) looks amazing to the human head and the interior of the brain. Y is the root of the verb YO (rain) where Y is concavity (or convexity) that mates something, rain (water element) enters (nest) into the earth. The musical – numeric alphabet creates musical – mathematical words that describe relevant concepts, which are derived from observation of nature ie of Creation, but the question is how many millennia may be needed to create this perfect mathematical complex letters are numbers and yet musical tones and words that all the numbers and music tones hide inside Except for complex musical harmonies, concepts which are not random at all but after extensive observation of nature? Let’s analyze grammatically the word ΕΡΩΣ (“EROS”=”LOVE”) Ε= Εκπορευόμενη Δύναμις (του φωτός) = emanating Force (light) Ρ= Ροή πρωτίστως Φωτοενεργειών, = flow primarity Photoenergy Ω= Ο πλανήτης – γήινο πεδίο The planet = The Earth Field Σ= Το εσωτερικόν θεώμενον = The inner being viewed
The word ΕΡΩΣ – EROS O + S is the flow of the power of light (life-knowledge) from the universe to the earthly plane and into the depths of ourselves. In Hesiod’s Theogony the update is one of the three authorities (Chaos, Gaia, Eros). Light encloses the knowledge, life, beauty, beauty, serenity, happiness, goodness, love, harmony, etc ..
Eros is not only that which exists between a man and a woman if CHAOS EROS GAIA preexisting human. EROS between the universe to the earth, harmony of nature eg rain and vegetation, even in combination with the human element, eg a man and a beautiful evening sunset or generally anything that offers harmony and therefore bliss. One aspect of Eros is also the harmony between man and woman which yields the holy genesis. The harmony stems from the duality of 0/1, Masculine (1) and the Feminine (c). The 0/0 or 1/1 not create because it is cosmic disharmony. The word then “Eros” means nothing aphrodisiac (sexual) but a higher spiritual state, do not forget that the word priest comes from there. Arguably, therefore our Antisthenes recalls “PRINCIPLE OF WISDOM The NAMES EPISKEPSIS”.
The Greek alphabet became the basis for the creation of the Latin alphabet. Indeed, the Latin alphabet comes from the Etruscan alphabet which in turn, and in line with the prevailing view today, based on the Greek.
The development of the alphabet The Alexandrian grammar classifying sixteen letters in the first Greek alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R the S, T and Y. Later followed the I, P and X. By adding the letters G, O, D, H and Z was born the Ionic alphabet. In ancient Greek inscriptions found three variants of the alphabet: the Aeolian or Dorian, the Attic and Ionic.
The wind and the Doric alphabet is found in inscriptions of Thera, Milos, Peloponnese, Boeotia and Great Greece, in Sicily and Southern Italy. The Attic alphabet (the Attic letters) we find the inscriptions in Attica before the era of Euclid (402 BC). The Ionic alphabet is found in inscriptions in Ionian Sea and in Asia Minor.
Other uses The letters of the Greek alphabet used in Greek numerals. The Greek alphabet is widely used as a symbol tank for use in science or as internationally agreed symbols (eg: π=3,14) or for any suitable use. Like the Latin alphabet, the Greek used for the count (especially when you are interested in our series), eg All 24 rhapsodies of Odyssey numbered with small letters of the alphabet, while the Iliad to uppercase. Particularly in Astronomy the Greek alphabet used to count the stars, ie alpha Centauri is the brightest star of the constellation Centaurus, while Omega is the 24th in brightness. After the end of Greek letters follow Latin and then followed by Arabic numerals.
Visit the: www.the phoenician deception
Xenophon Zolotas
Prof. Xenophon Zolotas is a well-known Greek economist. The speeches that follows were given to a foreign audience, at the closing session of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, on September 26, 1957 and on October 2, 1959. Prof. Zolotas held the positions of the Governor of the bank of Greece and the Governor of the Funds for Greece, at that time.
“I always wished to address this Assembly in Greek, but I realized that it would have been indeed Greek to all present in this room. I found out, however, that I could make my address in Greek which would still be English to everybody. With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I shall do it now, using with the exception of articles and prepositions only Greek words.”
First speech
“Kyrie(=Lord),
I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and catastrophe.
In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a democratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.”
Second speech
“Kyrie,
It is Zeus’ anathema on our epoch for the dynamism of our economies and the heresy of our economic methods and policies that we should agonise between the Scylla of numismatic plethora and the Charybdis of economic anaemia.
It is not my idiosyncrasy to be ironic or sarcastic but my diagnosis would be that politicians are rather cryptoplethorists. Although they emphatically stigmatize numismatic plethora, energize it through their tactics and practices.
Our policies have to be based more on economic and less on political criteria.
Our gnomon has to be a metron between political, strategic and philanthropic scopes. Political magic has always been antieconomic.
In an epoch characterised by monopolies, oligopolies, menopsonies, monopolistic antagonism and polymorphous inelasticities, our policies have to be more orthological. But this should not be metamorphosed into plethorophobia which is endemic among academic economists.
Numismatic symmetry should not antagonize economic acme.
A greater harmonization between the practices of the economic and numismatic archons is basic.
Parallel to this, we have to synchronize and harmonize more and more our economic and numismatic policies panethnically.
These scopes are more practical now, when the prognostics of the political and economic barometer are halcyonic.
The history of our didymous organisations in this sphere has been didactic and their gnostic practices will always be a tonic to the polyonymous and idiomorphous ethnical economics. The genesis of the programmed organisations will dynamize these policies. I sympathise, therefore, with the aposties and the hierarchy of our organisations in their zeal to programme orthodox economic and numismatic policies, although I have some logomachy with them.
I apologize for having tyrannized you with my hellenic phraseology.
In my epilogue, I emphasize my eulogy to the philoxenous autochthons of this cosmopolitan metropolis and my encomium to you, Kyrie, and the stenographers.”
Mr Xenophon Zolotas
ETYMOLOGY OF SOME ANCIENT GREEK NAMES.
The word “Macedonia” is of Greek origin. The etymology is: The resident of the ancient area “Makednon” in ancient Greek called “Makednos” (eg, see. Herodotus’ Histories, Book 1, §56: «Makednon kaleomenon”). The root “Mak-” comes from “makos”, the Doric type Atticus “length” (which is the modern Greek word). In short, the “Makednos” meant “tall man”. In the new Greek the word “long”. The same root is the source of the English prefix “macro-“, which identifies several words to mean long (macro; biotic, macro instruction;) or large (macro; cosm, macro; molecule).
The name Alexander (“the Great”) is also of Greek origin. The “Alexander”, consists of two parts in Greek: the “alex-” is a prefix meaning “protector” so we have modern Greek words “bulletproof (protects from bullets),” lightning rod “(protects from lightning), and” parachute “(protect from falling) . and “Andreas” is the general word “man.” Homer Odyssey begins as follows: “Man ennepe muse Polytropon me …” etc. In English the root “andro-” passed in words like “androgynous”, “android”, “Andrew”, and a few more.
Briefly, the “Alexander” means “protector of men”
But any other known ancient Macedonian name is also Greek origin! For example, take the name of Philip, Alexander’s father, started the expansion of the ancient Macedonian nation. And this is Greek. In Greek consists of two parts: The prefix “pro” meaning “one who likes” or “having a friendly relationship with.” This root passed into English words such as “philosophy”, “philanthropy”, and even in “Philadelphia” and “Philippines”.
And the suffix “-ippos” ie. “Horse”. This root passed into Latin as “hippo-” (the initial h is the performance of the pronunciation of the Greek CSCE), and from there into English words such as “hippopotamus” (hippopotamus; literally “river horse”) and “hippocampus” (hippocampus).
Briefly, “Philip” means “friend of horses” PHILIP From the Greek name Philip (Philippos) which means “friend of horses”, composed of the elements friend (philos) “friend” and horse (hippos) “horse”(Ex. Hipppodrome, Hippocrate etc.). This was the name of five kings of Macedon, including Philip II the father of Alexander the Great. The name appears in the New Testament belonging to two people who are regarded as saints. First, one of the twelve apostles, and second, an early figure in the Christian church known as Philip the Deacon.
ALEXANDER Latinized form of the Greek name Alexander (Alexandros), which meant “defending men” from Greek Alexis (alexo+andros=of the man:genetivus of aner) “to defend, help” and man (aner-(ἀνήρ`= man)) “andros” (-“ander” in Latin much later). In Greek mythology this was another name of the hero Paris, and it also belongs to several characters in the New Testament. However, the most famous bearer was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. In the 4th century BC he built a huge empire out of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India. There he spred with the MOST civilized manners the Greek Civilization & Culture.
He was Highily educated in Philosophy, Astronomy, Music & Martial strategic tactics(the latest from his father). Due to his fame, and later medieval tales involving him, use of his name spread throughout Europe. AMYNTAS Derived from Greek amyntor (amyntor) meaning “defender”. This was the name of several kings of Macedon.
Agathosthenis <good courage + = good (on actions and intellect) + power = the person holding power to think and to do good. Agoraklis <purchase + market + = glory = glory he has fame in the market Agorakritos <= purchase about judgment: he judged from the market Athanasios <a (withdrawal) + at death – death = immortal (gilts. Immortality, Euthanasia etc;) Athena Atheonoa = <a (superlative) + + God = mind that from the supreme mind (the goddess Athena, xepidise from the head of Zeus). The original name was Athena and is Pelasgic origin Catherine <del + = always clean cleared Alexander <Alexia + man (b. The man) = defender, protector men (gilts. Alexandra)
Its complicated by p. Alexis’ spurn – protect “; + a man, so Alexandros originally meant” one who protects the people. ” Somehow many associate some verb Alexis to remove, giving Alexandros the importance of “he who repels men ‘. The importance of this verb is “protect” and we find eg in ancient anthroponymia Aleximvrotos (from vrotos) and Alexinor (ἀνήρ`=the man) which mean “the protector of mortals.” Note that as they have shown great linguists, the name Alexandros is ancient, as already answered in Mycenaean Greek.
Amaryllis = The Shining(from: Amarysso-αμαρυσσω=shine, radiate Amphiaraos <amfo + ara + st (suffix) = one who mitigates the curse – misfortune
Amphibios(Amphi+Bios=life) Anargyros <a (withdrawal) + silver (money) = a nonprofit (gilts. ANARGYRON) Anastasios <at + stasis = the reborn, the eternal (gilts. Anastasia) Andreas <man (b. Man) = the brave, real man, brave warrior Andromache <man (b. The man) + fight = the fighting men (ie. The great and fearless warrior) (gilts. Andromache) Andronikos <man (b. The man) win + = one who conquers men (gilts. Andro+niki) Antigonus <+ instead gignomai (born) = the worthy with generator father (gilts. Antigone) Apollo <a (superlative) + + pole las (light bulbs – they lampsis) = one who shines everywhere. According to others: a (withdrawal) many + = one who does not belong to the many Virtue <a (withdrawal) + = risis unparalleled, perfect, unique Aristarchus <archo excellent + = one who initiates (heads) of optimum Aristides <+ excellent OPD (vague: I saw) = the best on the face, the very good looking Aristomachos <excellent + = the battle honors fighting (gilts. Aristomachos) Aristonicus <+ excellent victory = one who manages the perfect victory (gilts. Aristonicus) Aristotle <+ excellent end (purpose) = the perfectionist, one who intends to excellent Aristophanes <+ excellent Fimios (say, trumpets, spread word) = one who speaks excellent Artemis <air + = intersect that cuts – crosses the air Archimedes <start + midomai (meditate) = the ruler of thought Aspasia <= female kissing the arch. adjective aspasios = happy, happy (male. Aspasios) Venus <foam + dito (= emerge) = emerging from the foam (sea) Basil <vasielefs = one who belongs to the king (gilts. Basel) Speedwell (Veronica) <from the ancient Macedonian name Fereniki> fetch = + victory that brings victory George <Ca + work = the cultivator of the land, he produced work in the land, the farmer (gilts. Georgia) Glafkonomi <Owl (or glaucous) + Act = brilliant – wise law Gregory <= quickly awake, sleepless revved Damocles <township glory + = the doxazomenos by the municipality (people), the popular Damofili <township friend + = girlfriend municipality (people), that he loves his people Despina <= overtop dominant, lady Demaratus <township + weigh (= heave) = one who elevates (morally) the municipality (population) Dimaretis <+ municipality virtue (> a + risis) = one who (with his deeds) benefit the municipality (people) (gilts. Dimareti) Dimitra <da (Doric formula of “land” is a variant of “ca”) + mother = mother earth Dimitrios = the dedicated to the goddess Demeter Democritus <township judgment: + = one who is from the municipality (population) Dimoniki <township + win = win municipality (population) Demosthenes <township vigor + = one who gives strength to the municipality (population) Dimostratos <+ troop municipality = one who is called the municipality (population) Popular (see. Damofili) Diagoras <Zeus (b. Zeus) + plead one running a speech by the power of Zeus Dikaiarchou <archo righteous + = one who is righteous ruler Dikaioklis <righteous glory + = one who glorifies the law Dikaiopolis <righteous + polis = the righteous citizen Diogenes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the maiden originating from Jupiter Diocles <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the glory glorifies Jupiter Diomedes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + midomai (think =) = the thinking to the will of Zeus Dionysus <Zeus (born of Zeus) + = the mind come from the mind of Zeus Peace = eiro (hook) Helen <elon (B vague weigh = destroy) + nafs (ISO. The NDI = ship) = one for which ships destroyed Eleftherios <El (name of the Olympians) + ef + summer = one who with his coming will mean better and offered to the gods, in another interpretation:> Elefsis (> el + fair + quake – move) + courage = he who with courage and strength of the gods move everything in a good way Hermes <EPDM (= ratio) = one who takes the floor Hermogenes <Hermes (b. Hermes) + = the maiden originating from Mercury genus Home <through + God = one rushes in (home) Evangelia <ef + ad = good news, good news Evangelos <ef = + angel messenger who brings good news Eyboulos <+ ef parliament (House) = having the benevolent desire Eunomia <ef Law + = one who defines good laws (gilts. Eunomia) Eupolis <+ fair city = good citizen Evridiki <= range + righteous one possessed of great justice (male. Eurydice) Eurycleia <width + = glory that has great glory (male. Evryklis) Eurynome <= range + Law that knows many laws (male. Eurynome) Happiness <+ fair chance that has good luck (male. Eftychios) Zafirios <sapphire (sapphire) = precious (gilts. Zafiria) Zeus <Zeo (= life-giving) + ef = the provider good life Zenobia <Jean (Dorian type of Zeus = Jupiter) + life = that lives thanks to Jupiter Hegesistratos <lead + = army that led the army (male. Igistratos) Ira <day (idiom of the word “earth – earth”). In others, an anagram of the word “air” Herophilus <Ira + = girlfriend that loves Hera Heron <Ira + s = he who belongs to Hera Hephaestus <the (increase thanks euphony) + F (Achaean type “to” = light) + istimi (= possess good) = one who is well aware of the fire Theodore <god + gift = one who is a gift from God Thersites <Tarshish = one who is impudent Thrasivoulos <Tarshish + desire = the one who has tharreti (up supercilious) desire Jason <= Iasis therapist Hipparchus <= horse + archo he led the horses Hippodameia <horse + SAMe-oh = one tames horses Hippocrates <horse + territory-oh = those who control horses Hippolyte <= horse + unfasten that releases the horses (male. Hippolytus) Isocrates <= equal + I hold he kept equidistant – equality Calliope <beauty + hole (= hole mouth in a sense) = the sweet-voiced Kleovoulos <glory + House = he who wants glory Kleogenis <glory + = genus-derived glorified genus Kosmas <comely = he who is kind and kalotropos Laodice <people + trial = trial people Laomideia <+ people = midomai the thought of people Leonidas <lion + = he himself like the lion Lysistrata <unfasten (future. Solve) + = army that dissolves the army Maria <glitter (= lighten) = one sparkles [-> Mary (S48 Iliad, Odyssey l326) -> Maria (exevraismos the Greek name)] (male. Marios) Mede <= midomai the thinking (gilts. Midia) Nikareti <= victory + virtue that beats with virtue (male. Nikaretos) Nikiforos <victory fetch = + he made wins Nikolaos <win + people = one who gives victory to the people (female does not exist in ancient Greek. The new Greek is Nicoletta, epanellinismos the Frankish Nikolette) Xenokratis <stranger hold + = one who keeps (away) foreign Xenophanes <stranger fainymi + = one who resembles foreign Odefssefs <betake + = essomai those found in the street, the Wandering Homer <OMMA + APD = he who loses his eye, the blind Orestes <term stand + = one who is on the mountain, the man of the mountain, the Hillbilly Periandros <+ on man (b. The man) = one who is above the other men Pericles <+ on = the glory yperdoxos, the amply Peter <= the stone stable, the steadfast Penelope <pini (thread) + lepo (unfold) = the weaver Plato <width + s (= existing) = one who is broad (The philosopher Plato took this name because she had broad chest and forehead. Originally his name was Aristocles. Pleistonikis <pleistos (superlative of “long”) + win = one who has many victories, the POLYNIKI Poliarchos <city archo + = one who initiates the town Poseidon <potos (= river) + yielding one running gives rivers Prodikos <pre trial + = the chief justice Protagoras <first market + = one who is first in the market (ie. In common) Pythagoras <Pytho (= update -> Pytheas) market + = one who informs the market Sophia <= wisdom, erudition, profound knowledge Sophocles <wise glory + = glorious for its wisdom Spyridon <spyris (b. Spyridon = psarokofino) = one who makes baskets for fish Stratoklis <military glory + = the glorious soldier Stylianos <column = constant as the column, that one can rely on it (gilts. Styliani) Socrates <wise + keep one running observes wisely Sotirios <= savior savior Telemachus <tele battle + = one who gives battles from afar Phaedra <= blithe cheerful Filareti <friend + = virtue that loves virtue (male. Filaret) Philip <horse friend + = one who loves horses Philodemus <township friend + = one who loves the municipality (population) Philostratus <army friend + = one who loves the army Chariklia <thanks + = the famous glory for the sake of ANTIGONUS From the Greek Antigonus (Antigonos) which meant “against the ancestor”, from anti (anti) “against” and parent (goneus) “ancestor”. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals. After Alexander died, he took control of most of Asia Minor. ARCHELAUS Latinized form of the Greek name Archelaos (Archelaos), which meant “master of the people” from Aarhus (archos) “master” and Laos (laos) “people”. This was the name of a son of Herod the Great. He ruled over Judea, Samaria and Idumea. ARISTOTLE From the Greek name Aristotle (Aristoteles) which meant “the best purpose”, derived from excellent (aristos) “best” and the end (telos) “purpose, aim”. This was the name of a Greek philosopher of the 4th century BC who made lasting contributions to Western thought, including the fields of logic, metaphysics, ethics and biology. KLEITOS Means “splendid, famous” in Greek. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals.
CLEOPATRA FROM THE GREEK NAME CLEOPATRA (KLEOPATRA) WHICH MEANT “GLORY OF THE FATHER”, DERIVED FROM GLORY (KLEOS) “GLORY” COMBINED WITH FATHER (PATROS) “OF THE FATHER”. THIS WAS THE NAME OF QUEENS OF EGYPT FROM THE PTOLEMAIC ROYAL FAMILY, INCLUDING CLEOPATRA VII, THE MISTRESS OF BOTH JULIUS CAESAR AND MARK ANTONY. AFTER BEING DEFEATED BY AUGUSTUS SHE COMMITTED SUICIDE BY ALLOWING HERSELF TO BE BITTEN BY AN ASP. SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY ‘ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA’ (1606) IS BASED ON HER.
THE MACEDONIAN NAME PERDIKKAS OBVIUSLY MEANS “FAMOUSLY JUST” [CA (T) – + RIGHTEOUS], BUT TO ACCEPT IT WE MUST “PROVE” SOMEHOW THE DOUBLING OF THE LETTER “K” IN THE THEME “TRIAL”, MEANING “JUSTICE”.
HELLENIC QUEST CALLED AN E-LEARNING PROGRAM THAT GREEK AS CNN BEGAN DISTRIBUTING WORLDWIDE AND INTENDED INITIALLY FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS AND SPANISH SPEAKERS. THE TEACHING METHOD IS TO VIEW INFORMATION ON THE SCREEN OF THE / Y WHILE SOUND AND MOVING IMAGE TRANSMISSION.
CNN, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY PREPARED A GREEK EASY TUTORIAL AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING US HISPANICS. THE RATIONALE BEHIND THIS INITIATIVE WAS THAT THE GREEK INTENSIFIES RATIONAL SPIRIT, SCRAPES ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENCOURAGES CITIZENS TO CREATIVITY. THE PROGRAM IS PRODUCED BY THE LARGE CORPORATION THE H / Y APPLE, O CHAIRMAN OF WHICH JOHN SCULLY SAID: WE DECIDED TO PUSH THE GREEK TUTORIAL, BECAUSE OUR SOCIETY NEEDS A TOOL THAT WILL ALLOW TODISCOVER SO FAR. IN OTHER WORDS, THIS IS A MANIFESTATION OF THE TENDENCY TO RETURN TO THE SPIRIT WORLD CULTURE AND LANGUAGE OF THE ANCENT GREEKS. ANOTHER RELATED EVENT: THE ENGLISH BUSINESSMEN MOTIVATE SENIOR EXECUTIVES TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN A SPECIAL MEANING FOR THE AREAS OF ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT COMPANIES. IN THIS CONCLUSION ALREADY LED AFTER BRITISH SPECIAL FINDINGS THAT THE GREEK LANGUAGE REINFORCES THE LOGIC AND STIMULATES LEADERSHIP ABILITIES. SO IT HAS GREAT VALUE, NOT ONLY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO IN ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ..
THESE PROPERTIES OF GREEK LED THE CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY IRMAIN TAKE THE HOARDING OF WEALTH … HEAD OF PROGRAM PLACED THE LINGUIST –ELLINISTRIA- MAC NTONALI AND TEACHERS E BRUNNER AND PAKARI. IN THE H/ Y IMYKO WERE EVALUATED 6 MILLION VERBAL FORMULAS OF THE ANCIENT GREEK O LANGUAGE WHEN ENGLISH HAS A TOTAL OF 490,000 WORDS AND 300 … 000 TECHNICAL TERMS, IE AS A LANGUAGE IS ONLY 1/100 OF OUR OWN. IN IMYKO CATEGORIZED 8,000 4,000 ANCIENT GREEK WRITINGS AND THE WORK CONTINUES. TALKING ABOUT IT PROFESSOR BRUNNER SAID: ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR THE HOARDING OF WORDS OF GREEK RESPOND: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS. AND OUR CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE THE HELLENIQUE=GREEK) CULTURE. THE PROMOTERS OF THE PROGRAM ESTIMATE THAT THE GREEK VERBAL TYPES WILL REACH THE 90 MILLION, COMPARED WITH NINE MILLION LATIN. INTEREST IN THE GREEK RESULTED FROM THE RECORDING OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENTISTS THAT THE H / PC ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPT AS SIGN LANGUAGE ONLY THE GREEK.
ALL OTHER LANGUAGES FEATURED SEMANTIC. SIGN LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH THE SIGNIFIER, THAT IS THE WORD, AND THE SIGNIFIED, THAT IS, THE WORD EXPRESSES (THING, IDEA, STATE), HAVE AMONG THEIR PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP. WHILE SEMANTIC IS THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH ARBITRARILY DEFINED THAT AMERICAN THING (SIGNIFIED) MEANT BY AM (SIGNIFIER). IN OTHER WORDS, THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE ONLY LANGUAGE WHOSE WORDS HAVE PRIMOGENITURE, WHILE IN ALL OTHER, WORDS ARE SYMMATIKES MEAN, THAT IS SOMETHING, JUST BECAUSE IT ‘AGREED’ AMONG THOSE WHO USE IT. ALL OF THE WORDS IN GREEK MEANS EG THE WORD ENTHUSIASM = EN+THEO – ΕΝ-ΘΕΏ (=IN-GOD) GEOMETRY = EARTH + COUNT – ΓAIA +ΜΕΤΡΏ – GAI+METRO
ANTHROPOS(=MAN = THE INARTICULATE (THE ARTICULATED REASON)(ΆΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ = Ο ΆΝΑΡΘΡΩΝ (Ο ΑΡΘΡΏΝΩΝ ΛΌΓΟ).. WE SAY CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORD-THING, WHICH IS NONEXISTENT IN OTHER LANGUAGES.
THE MOST PERFECT IMYKOS PROGRAMS KNOWLEDGE AND NEWTON REPRESENT THE VERBAL FORMULAS OF INTEGRALS IN GREEK AND IN PERFECT REPRESENTATIONAL SHAPES, WHICH CAN NOT DO IN OTHER LANGUAGES. THIS IS BECAUSE THE GREEK HAS A MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS THE HARMONIOUS GEOMETRICAL DISPLAY. <> PARTICULARLY USEFUL ARE THE GREEK SUFFIXES AS: TELE, LANDI = … LAND, GEO … NANO, MICRO, MEGA, PURPOSE … .ISMOS, ELECTRO …., CYCLO …., TUNER …., MACRO …., SMALL …., TRAY …., WRITES … LETTER … PLUS … … SYM, ETC .. EXAMPLE: THE KNOWN TO ALL CD = COMPACT DISK = DISK SYMPAKTOMENOS COMPUTERS CONSIDER THE GREEK LANGUAGE “NOT MARGINAL ‘, IE THAT ONLY IN THAT THERE ARE NO LIMITS AND SO IT IS NECESSARY TO NEW DISCIPLINES SUCH AS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRONICS, THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS. THESE SCIENCES ONLY IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE FIND MENTAL EXPRESSIONS THEY NEED, WITHOUT WHICH SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT IS UNABLE TO PROCEED. FOR THESE REASONS THE SPANISH MEPS SOUGHT TO INTRODUCE GREEK AS THE OFFICIAL EUROPEAN UNION BECAUSE TO SPEAK OF A UNITED EUROPE WITHOUT THE GREEK IS LIKE TALKING TO A BLIND MAN ABOUT COLORS.
OF COURSE, IT CAN`T THAT ALL SUDDENLY IT BECOMES ‘OUT OF NOWHERE’ TO DISPLAY A HOMER AND WRITTEN TWO LITERARY MASTERPIECES, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT LONG AGO SHOULD HAVE BEEN A LANGUAGE (AND WRITING) HIGH LEVEL. INDEED, FROM THE ANCIENT GREEK SECRETARIAT KNOW THAT HOMER WAS NOT THE FIRST BUT THE LAST AND MOST FAMOUS OF A LONG LINE OF EPIC POETS, WHOSE NAMES HAVE SURVIVED (KREOFYLOS, PRODIKOS, ARKTINOS, ANTIMACHUS, KINAITHON, CALLIMACHUS) AND THE NAMES OF THEIR WORKS (FORONIS, FOKAIS, DANAIS, NEGRESS, PROGENY, OEDIPAL, THEBES …) HAVE NOT YET BEEN RESCUED THEMSELVES THEIR PROJECTS. POSSIBLE CREATION OF NEW WORDS THE POWER OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS ITS ABILITY TO BE MOLDED NOT ONLY PREFIX OR CONCLUSIVE BUT VARYING IN SOME CASES UP TO THE ROOT OF THE WORD (EG, “RUN” AND “WHEEL” EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE FROM THE SAME FAMILY DIFFER SLIGHTLY THE ROOT). THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS QUALIFIED TO CREATE COMPOUND WORDS WITH INCREDIBLE POTENTIAL USES, MULTIPLYING THE VOCABULARY. THE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY WEBSTER’S (WEBSTER’S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY) SAYS: “THE LATIN AND GREEK, ESPECIALLY THE GREEK, AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF MATERIAL FOR CREATING SCIENTIFIC TERMS,” WHILE THE FRENCH LEXICOGRAPHERS JEAN BOUFFARTIGUE AND ANNE-MARIE DELRIEU EMPHASIZED: “SCIENCE FINDS CONSTANTLY NEW OBJECTS OR CONCEPTS. HE NAMED THEM. THE TREASURE OF THE GREEK ROOTS IN FRONT OF HER AS LONG AS YOU DRAW FROM THERE. IT WOULD BE VERY SURPRISING NOT TO FIND THOSE IN NEED. “ THE FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER, STUNNED IN FRONT OF THE GRANDEUR OF GREEK, HAD DECLARED RELATIVELY: “THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS THE CHARACTERISTIC TO OFFER ON THE WONDERFUL EXPRESSION OF ALL HIERARCHIES WITH A SIMPLE ROTATION OF THE FIRST COMPONENT. ONE HAS ONLY TO PUT A PAN – FIRST – INITIAL OVER- OR ANY OTHER INTENTION IN FRONT OF A SUBJECT. AND IF YOU COMBINE TOGETHER THESE PREFIXES, IT TAKES AN ENDLESS VARIETY OF GRADATIONS. THE PREFIXES ENCLOSED IN THE HAND, NOT AS A SEMANTIC SCALE, WHICH RISES TOWARDS THE SKY OF WORDS. “ IN HOMER’S ILIAD THETIS MOURNING THAT WILL GET THE SON OF KILLING HECTOR “DIONE AND DYSARISTOTOKEIAN IT CALLS”. THE WORD ITSELF IS A DIRGE, DYS + EXCELLENT + WHELP (= CALVE) AND MEANS SUCH ANALYZES ETYMOLOGICUM MEGA “, WHICH GAVE BIRTH TO EVIL EXCELLENT.” A FEW YEARS AGO WAS RELEASED IN SWITZERLAND IN DICTIONARY NONEXISTENT WORDS (DICTIONNAIRE DES MOTS INEXISTANTS) PROPOSING TO REPLACE FRENCH WITH CIRCUMLOCUTIONS MONOLECTIC TERMS FROM THE GREEK. EG ANDROPREIE(=MANACTING), BIOPALESTE, DYSPAREGORETE, ECOGENIARCHE, ELPIDOPHORE(=HOPE+CARRY), GLOSSOCTONIE, PHILOMATHEEM(=LEARNLOVING) TACHYMATHIE(=QUICK LEARNING), THEOPEMPTE ETC. ABOUT 2,000 ENTRIES WITH SCOPE FOR FURTHER ENRICHMENT. NOT FOR CHAUVINISTIC REASONS, BUT TO LEARN SLOWLY ARE UNAWARE OF THE TRUTH!
That is not the Alphabet is copied from elsewhere seen in that in the year 2300 BC by Homer already at the disposal of 6,500,000 primary words (first person singular present tense &) which if you multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born.The Greek language is the only one that can be used for H / Y due mathematical and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=position): Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc etc if now these words the English translation is completely unrelated.
IF WE COMPARE NOW EG THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS 80,000 WORDS, OF WHICH 80% ARE GREEK AS WE INFORM THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES, AND MEASURE THAT THIS STERILE LANGUAGE EVOLVES 1000 YEARS, WE EFFORTLESSLY DRAW THE CONCLUSION THAT HOMER RECEIVES A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS A DEPTH THE YEAR 100,000 BC; 500,000 BC; WHO KNOWS …
But the ultimate proof is the same of the mathematic structure, which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that the Creator uses math to create, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1).
BUT BEFORE THE “CRYPT” IS THE “SIGNIFIER”, IE THE CONNECTION OF WORDS WITH MEANINGS. HE SAID EARLIER THAT FOREIGN DIALECTS DEFINED BY AGREEMENT, IE SOME AGREED THAT SUCH AND SUCH A SUBJECT WOULD CALL IT “X”, WHICH MAKES THE LANGUAGES STERILE, SO THEY CAN GIVE BIRTH TO NEW WORDS, SO THERE MATHIMATIKOTITA THEREFORE CAN NOT DESCRIBE NEW CONCEPTS THAT EXIST IN NATURE, RESULTING IN THE BRAIN WHERE IT CAN NOT DESCRIBE THROUGH NEW WORDS NEW MEANINGS REMAIN IN THE DARK, SO THE NEURONS OF THE BRAIN DOES NOT GENERATE NEW AS OPPOSED TO THOSE WHO USE THE GREEK.
HOW COULD EG THE ENGLISH OR THE FRENCH OR THE X, Y WITH A WORD THAT HAS 10 CONCEPTS TO DESCRIBE ACCURATELY AND THEREFORE CLEARLY A DEEPER MEANING? LET ALONE THE MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF THIS? IT CAN NOT BE SO WHY ALL STARTED HERE. IT MEANS THEREFORE IS CONNECTING THE SIGNAL TO THE SIGNIFIED, THAT THE WORD ITSELF IS GENERATED IN SUCH A MANNER THAT DESCRIBES THE MEANING ESOKLEINEI INSTRUMENTS.
EXAMPLE: THE NAMING OF THE WORD CURRY (WALNUT), AS WE READ IN THESECRETREALTRUTH, FROM AN OBSERVATION OF NATURE (AS ALL WORDS), IE WHEN TWO HORNED ANIMALS (RAMS, GOATS ETC.) TRA.KAR.OUN WITH KER.ATA THEIR SOUNDS “CRACK” OR “FEM”, THE SOUND HE GAVE THE NAME “HORN” (HORN) THE HORN GAVE THE NAME OF THE STATE OR SKULL (HEAD) AND THE NICKNAMES OF THIS CURRY (SMALL HEAD). CURRY (NUT) LOOKS AMAZING TO THE HUMAN HEAD AND THE INTERIOR OF THE BRAIN. Y IS THE ROOT OF THE VERB YO (RAIN) WHERE Y IS CONCAVITY (OR CONVEXITY) THAT MATES SOMETHING, RAIN (WATER ELEMENT) ENTERS (NEST) INTO THE EARTH.
THE MUSICAL – NUMERIC ALPHABET CREATES MUSICAL – MATHEMATICAL WORDS THAT DESCRIBE RESPECTIVE CONCEPTS WHICH COME FROM THE OBSERVATION OF NATURE IE OF CREATION SO BY EXTENSION OF THE SAME CREATOR, BUT THE QUESTION IS HOW MANY MILLENNIA MAY BE NEEDED TO CREATE THIS PERFECT MATHEMATICAL COMPLEX LETTERS ARE NUMBERS, YET MUSICAL TONES AND WORDS THAT ALL THE NUMBERS AND MUSIC TONES INTO THEIR HIDE EXCEPT FOR COMPLEX MUSICAL HARMONIES, CONCEPTS WHICH ARE NOT RANDOM AT ALL BUT AFTER EXTENSIVE OBSERVATION OF NATURE?
ARGUABLY, THEREFORE OUR ANTISTHENES RECALLS “WISDOM AUTHORITY NAMES VISITATION”DE GROOT (NETHERLANDS HOMERIC TEXTS PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS CONTINUITY AND TEACHES TO BE OWNERLESS AND GOT A GLORY, THAT AN OPINION. IN THIS LANGUAGE THERE IS NO ORTHODOXY. SO EVEN IF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WANTS PEOPLE LAW-ABIDING – A MOLD – THE SPIRIT OF ANCIENT TEXTS AND LANGUAGE IN LEARNING TO BE A BOSS. “ JAMES JOYCE (FAMOUS IRISH AUTHOR, 1882-1941)
“ALMOST AFRAID TO TOUCH THE ODYSSEY, THE OPPRESSIVE BEAUTY IS UNBEARABLE.” THE GREAT FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER SAID:
“IN GREEK THERE IS A VERTIGO OF WORDS, BECAUSE ONLY SHE EXPLORED, RECORDED AND ANALYZED THE INNERMOST PROCESSES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE, MORE THAN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE.” THE GREAT FRENCH ENLIGHTENER VOLTAIRE HAD SAID
“MAY THE GREEK LANGUAGE TO BECOME COMMON ALL PEOPLES.” THE FRENCH PROFESSOR AT THE SORBONNE SAID CHARLES FORIEL
“THE GREEK HAS HOMOGENEITY AS THE GERMAN, BUT RICHER THAN THAT. HE HAS THE CLARITY OF THE FRENCH, BUT IT HAS GREATER PRECISION. IT IS MORE FLEXIBLE THAN THE ITALIAN AND MUCH MORE HARMONIOUS THAN THE SPANISH. IS THAT WHAT IT TAKES TO BE CONSIDERED THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LANGUAGE OF EUROPE. “ MARIANNA MCDONALD, PROFESSOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AND HEAD OF TLG SAID
“KNOWLEDGE OF GREEK IS ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION OF HIGH CULTURAL CULTIVATION.” THE BLIND AMERICAN WRITER HELEN KELLER HAD TOLD
“IF THE VIOLIN IS THE MOST PERFECT MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE VIOLIN OF HUMAN THOUGHT.“ JOHN GOETHE (THE GREATEST POET OF GERMANY, 1749-1832)
“I LISTENED TO ST. PETER’S IN ROME THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANGUAGES. THE GREEK RESONATED STAR GLOWING IN THE NIGHT. “ DIALOGUE OF GOETHE WITH HIS DISCIPLES:
-DASKALE WHAT TO READ TO BECOME WISE AS YOU?
-THE GREEK CLASSICS.
-AND WHEN WE FINISH THE GREEK CLASSICS WHAT TO READ?
-OLD GREEK CLASSICS. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (GREAT IRISH PLAYWRIGHT, 1856-1950)
“IF THE LIBRARY OF YOUR HOME YOU DO NOT HAVE THE WORKS OF ANCIENT GREEK AUTHORS, THEN YOU LIVE IN A HOUSE WITHOUT LIGHT.” MARK TILLIOS CICERO (THE FOREMOST MAN OF ANCIENT ROME, 106-43 BC)
“IF THE GODS SPEAK, THEN CERTAINLY USE THE LANGUAGE OF THE GREEKS.” HUMPHREY KITTY (ENGLISH PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, 1968)
“IT’S THE NATURE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS CLEAN, PRECISE AND COMPLEX. THE AMBIGUITY AND LACK OF DIRECT ENORASEOS FEATURING SOMETIMES ENGLISH AND GERMAN, IS COMPLETELY FOREIGN TO THE GREEK LANGUAGE. “ IRINA KOVALEVA (MODERN RUSSIAN PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY LOMONOSOV, 1995)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS BEAUTIFUL LIKE HEAVEN TO THE STARS.” RH ROBINS (CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LINGUIST, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON)
“OF COURSE NOT ONLY IN LINGUISTICS WHERE GREEKS WERE PIONEERS IN EUROPE. OVERALL EUROPE’S SPIRITUAL LIFE GOES BACK TO THE WORK OF GREEK THINKERS.
EVEN TODAY WE RETURN UNCEASINGLY IN GREEK HERITAGE TO FIND STIMULATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT. “ FREDERICK SAGKREDO (BASQUE LINGUISTICS PROFESSOR – CHAIRMAN OF THE GREEK ACADEMY OF VASKONIAS)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE BEST LEGACY THAT HAS BEEN AVAILABLE TO THE MAN ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN. AGAINST ALL GREEK AND INSIST ALL LANGUAGES ARE INADEQUATE. “
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE SHOULD BECOME THE SECOND LANGUAGE OF ALL EUROPEANS, ESPECIALLY THE CULTURED PEOPLE.”
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS OF DIVINE ESSENCE.” HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN (RENOWNED AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST, 1822-1890)
“EVERYTHING I WANTED PASSIONATELY TO LEARN GREEK. I DID NOT DO IT BECAUSE I WAS AFRAID THAT THE DEEP CHARM OF THIS MAGNIFICENT LANGUAGE WOULD ABSORB SO MUCH THAT WOULD HAVE REMOVED MY OTHER ACTIVITIES. “(THE SCHLIEMANN SPOKE 18 LANGUAGES SEAMLESSLY. FOR TWO YEARS DID NOTHING OTHER THAN THE STUDYING 2 POEMS OF HOMER). IBN KHALDOUN (LARGEST ARAB HISTORIAN)
“WHERE IS THE SECRETARIAT OF THE ASSYRIANS, THE CHALDEANS, THE EGYPTIANS? ALL MANKIND HAS INHERITED THE SECRETARIAT OF THE GREEKS ALONE. “ WILL DURANT (AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND PHILOSOPHER, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLUMBIA)
“OUR ALPHABET CAME FROM GREECE BY KIMI AND ROME. OUR LANGUAGE IS LITTERED GREEK WORDS. OUR SCIENCE ESFYRILATISE MIAN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE BY THE GREEK TERMS. OUR GRAMMAR AND OUR RHETORIC, EVEN THE PUNCTUATION AND THE DIVISION AREAS PARAGRAPHS … IS GREEK INVENTIONS. OUR GENRES ARE GREEKS – THE LYRIC, THE ODE, THE ROMANCE, THE NOVEL, THE ESSAY, THE PROSFONISIS, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND ABOVE ALL THE VISION. AND ALMOST ALL OF THESE WORDS ARE GREEK. “ JACQUELINE DE ROMIGY (MODERN FRENCH ACADEMICIAN AND AUTHOR)
“ANCIENT GREECE OFFERS US A LANGUAGE, WHICH WILL SAY THAT IT IS UNIVERSAL.”
“EVERYONE NEEDS TO LEARN GREEK, BECAUSE THE GREEK LANGUAGE HELPS US FIRST OF ALL TO UNDERSTAND OUR OWN LANGUAGE.” BRUNO SNELL (DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE PAST OF THE EUROPEANS.” FRANGKISKOS LIGKORA (MODERN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AND PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF CULTURE)
“GREEKS CAN BE PROUD TO SPEAK THE GREEK LANGUAGE ALIVE AND THE MOTHER OF ALL OTHER LANGUAGES. DO NOT NEGLECT, SINCE THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW GOODS WE HAVE LEFT AND ALSO YOUR PASSPORT TO THE WORLD CIVILIZATION. “ THE. VANTROUSKA (PROFESSOR OF LINGUISTICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA)
“FOR A JAPANESE OR TURKISH, ALL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ARE NOT SEEN AS SEPARATE BUT AS DIALECTS OF ONE AND THE SAME LANGUAGE, GREEK.” PETER JONES (PHD – PROFESSOR AT OXFORD UNIVERSITY WHO DRAFTED LESSONS OF ANCIENT GREEK WITH READERSHIP, FOR PUBLICATION IN THE NEWSPAPER «DAILYTELEGRAPH»)
THE GREEKS OF ATHENS IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURY HAD REACHED THE LANGUAGE TO THE POINT THAT WITH HER TO EXPLORE IDEAS SUCH AS DEMOCRACY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE, CONCEPTS SUCH AS SULFUR AND LAW. IT IS A WONDERFUL AND GREAT LANGUAGE. “ GILBERT MURRAY (PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD)
“THE GREEK IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE. OFTEN ONE FINDS THAT A THOUGHT CAN BE EXPRESSED WITH EASE AND GRACE IN GREEK, AND BECOMES DIFFICULT AND SEVERE IN LATIN, ENGLISH, FRENCH OR GERMAN. IT IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE, BECAUSE IT EXPRESSES THE THOUGHTS MOST PERFECT PEOPLE. “ MAX VON LAYE (NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS)
“I GRACES IN DIVINE PROVIDENCE, BECAUSE IT PLEASED TO TEACH ANCIENT GREEK, WHO HELPED ME TO PENETRATE DEEPER INTO THE MEANING OF SCIENCE.” E, NORDEN (THE GREAT GERMAN PHILOLOGIST)
“IN ADDITION TO CHINESE AND JAPANESE, ALL OTHER LANGUAGES WERE FORMED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GREEK, FROM WHICH THEY TOOK, BESIDES MANY WORDS, RULES AND GRAMMAR.” MARTIN HEIDEGGER (GERMAN PHILOSOPHER, OF THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF EXISTENTIALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE STANDARDS THROUGH WHICH SHOWCASE THE SPIRITUAL FORCES OF CREATIVE GENIUS, BECAUSE WITH RESPECT TO THE POSSIBILITIES PROVIDED IN THOUGHT, IS THE MOST POWERFUL AND YET THE MOST WITTY OF ALL LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD.” DAVID CRYSTAL (AKA ENGLISH PROFESSOR, AUTHOR OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CAMBRIDGE FOR THE ENGLISH)
“IT’S AMAZING TO SEE HOW MUCH MORE WE RELY ON THE GREEK, TO TALK ABOUT ENTITIES AND EVENTS AT THE HEART OF MODERN LIFE.” MICHAEL VENTRIS (THE MAN WHO DECIPHERED THE LINEAR B)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE WAS AND IS HIGHER ALL THE OLD AND NEW LANGUAGES.” R.H. ROBINS (LINGUIST AND AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK TRIUMPH IN THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE IS THAT GAVE SO MUCH TO SO MANY SECTORS […]. THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS WHICH WAS EXTREMELY STRONG, IE THE THEORY OF GRAMMAR AND GRAMMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LANGUAGE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO MERIT AND TO WITHSTAND CRITICISM. ALSO BE SUCH AS TO INSPIRE GRATITUDE AND OUR ADMIRATION. “ LUIS JOSÉ NAVARRO (DEPUTY TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM “EVROKLASSIKA” OF THE EU)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE FOR ME IS LIKE COSMOGONY. IT IS NOT JUST A LANGUAGE … “ JUAN JOSE PUHANA ARZA (BASQUE HELLENIST AND POLITICIAN)
“WE MUST PROCLAIM THAT THERE HAS BEEN IN THE WORLD A LANGUAGE WHICH CAN BE COMPARED TO THE CLASSICAL GREEK.” D’EICHTAL (FRENCH AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS ALL THE FEATURES, ALL THE CONDITIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL TONGUE … TOUCHES THESE SAME BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION … WHICH NOT ONLY THERE WAS NO STRANGER TO NONE OF THE MAJOR EVENTS OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT, RELIGION, IN POLITICS, IN LITERATURE, THE ARTS, THE SCIENCES, BUT WAS ALSO THE FIRST TOOL – TO SCAN ALL THESE – SO TO SPEAK, THE WOMB … LANGUAGE LOGIC WHILE EUPHONIC, AMONG ALL THE OTHER … “ THEODORE F. BRUNNER (TLG FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR UNTIL 1997)
“ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SPENT ON THE HOARDING OF GREEK WORDS, WE REPLY: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS AND CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE OUR CULTURE.” JACQUES LANG (FRENCH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION)
“I WOULD LIKE TO SEE TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK, WITH THE SAME ZEAL THAT WE DEMONSTRATE, AND GREEK SCHOOLS.” IN HIS WORK “A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE” BY THE FAMOUS LINGUIST A.. MEILLET, SUPPORTED STRONGLY THE SUPERIORITY OF GREEK OVER OTHER LANGUAGES.
The name of Apollo itself—though not Paean, a possible name of a precursor god to or epithet of him—is generally considered to be absent from the Linear B (Mycenean Greek) texts although it is possible that the name is in fact attested in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo-[ (Linear B: ]-[) on the KN E 842 tablet.The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι).According to some scholars the words are derived from the Doric word apella (ἀπέλλα), which originally meant “wall,” “fence for animals” and later “assembly within the limits of the square.”[Apella (Ἀπέλλα) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[9] corresponding to the ecclesia (ἐκκλησία). R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun.Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo’s name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), “to destroy”. Plato in Cratylus connects the name withἀπόλυσις (apolysis), “redeem”, with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), “purification”, and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), “simple”, in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), “ever-shooting”. Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means “assembly”, so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), “fold”, in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means “stone,” and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella,[14] the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη(Pellēnē/Pallene)
Language
7270-year-old Tablet Found in Kastoria Calls into Question History of Writing
Back in 1993, in a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island near the modern village of Dispilio on Lake Kastoria in the Kastoria Prefecture, professor George Hourmouziadis and his team unearthed the Dispilio Tablet (also known as the Dispilio Scripture or the Dispilio Disk), a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings (charagmata) that has been carbon 14-dated to about 7300 BP (5260 BC).
In February 2004, during the announcement of the Tablet’s discovery to the world, Hourmouziadis claimed that the text with the markings could not be easily publicized because it would ultimately change the current historical background concerning the origins of writing and articulate speech depicted with letters instead of ideograms within the borders of the ancient Greek world and by extension, the broader European one.
According to the Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the markings suggested that the current theory proposing that the ancient Greeks received their alphabet from the ancient civilizations of the Middle East (Babylonians, Sumerians and Phoenicians etc) fails to close the historic gap of some 4,000 years. This gap translates into the following facts: while ancient eastern civilizations would use ideograms to express themselves, the ancient Greeks were using syllables in a similar manner like we use today.
The currently accepted historic theory taught around the world suggests that the ancient Greeks learned to write around 800 BC from the Phoenicians. However, a question emerges among scholars: how is it possible for the Greek language to have 800,000 word entries, ranking first among all known languages in the world, while the second next has only 250,000 word entries? How is it possible for the Homeric Poems to have been produced at about 800 BC, which is just when the ancient Greeks learned to write? It would be impossible for the ancient Greeks to write these poetic works without having had a history of writing of at least 10,000 years back, according to a US linguistic research.
The tablet is 2,000 years older than the written findings from the Sumerian era and 4,000 years older than the Cretan-Mycenean linear types of writing.
The markings on the tablet did not resemble the human figures, the sun and moon or other figures ideograms usually depict. They actually showed signs of advanced apheresis, which indicates they are the result of cognitive processes.
The tablet was partially damaged when it was exposed to the oxygen-rich environment outside of the mud and water in which it was immersed for a long period of time, and it is now under conservation. The full academic publication of the tablet apparently awaits the completion of the work of conservation
– See more at: http://greece.greekreporter.com/2012/07/16/7270-year-old-tablet-found-in-kastoria-calls-into-question-history-of-writing/#sthash.o0yDtSd4.dpuf
ALEXANDER THE GREAT – ”Medallion” East of the Empire, Beroia (provincial capital of Macedonia, the Heart of Greece), 3rd century A.D., Gold, Diam. 54 mm; 96.3 g Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
The obverse shows the diademed head of Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BC). This posthumous and idealized portrait includes symbols of Alexander’s deification, one of which is the ram’s horn, characteristic of the Egyptian god Amon. This iconography derives from the type of coin introduced by one of Alexander’s immediate successors, King Lysimachos of Thrace (297-281 BC).
The reverse shows a hunting scene, with the hunter’s spear piercing a wild boar that is being attacked by two dogs. The legend “King Alexander”, which appears to the left and above, identifies the hunter.
The “medallion” is part of a treasure including twenty similar pieces found in Aboukir, Egypt, in 1902. The designation “medallion” is purely a matter of convention based on the piece’s morphology and size, as the use given to such pieces cannot be definitively established.
THE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE VS “PHOENICIAN” DECEPTION.
H E R E: AN EXAMPLE OF AN I D E N T I C A L- C L A S S I C A L VARIATION OF A STANZA …, …………….
********************** J U S T………………V O W E L S!!!! ********************
( A N C I E N T G R E E K // ATTICA DIALECT)
A YOUNG MOTHERS WISH TO HER BABY SON :
“ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ” = AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYSTHE FLAME OF LIFE = ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥΗ ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ (TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK).
ANALYTICTRASLATIONIN ORDERFROM; ANCIENT GREEK – NEW GREEK – ENGLISH
ΟΙΑ = ΟΠΩΣ= AS
ΗΩ = Η ΑΥΓΉ = THE DAWN
Ω ΥΙΕ = ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ = OH MY SON
ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ = BE ALWAYS
(TRANSLATED INTO “NEW” GREEK) :
ΟΠΩΣ Η ΑΥΓΉ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΥΙΕ ΜΟΥ =
= AS THE DAWN MY SON, BE ALWAYS!!
Η ΦΛΟΓΑ ΤΗΣ ΖΩΗΣ=THE FLAME OF LIFE=2135
ΟΙΑ ΗΩ Ω ΥΙΕ ΑΕΙ ΕΙ = 2135
ATTENTION: – GO AFTER THE ANCIENT ALPHABET INDEX
The earliest numerical notation used by the Greeks was the Attic system. It employed the vertical stroke for a one, and symbols for“5”, “10”, “100”, “1000”, and “10,000”. Though there was some steam lining of its use. The (IONIAN)) Greek system of enumeration was a VERY SOPHISTICATED one, Like the ATTICA SYSTEM it was also DECIMAL Its distinguishing feature is that it was alphabetical and required the use of more than 27 different symbols for numbers plus a couple of other symbols for meaning. This made the system somewhat cumbersome to use. However, calculation lends itself to a great deal of skill within almost any system, the Greek system being no exception. ” Greek Enumeration and Basic Number Formation First, we note that the number symbols were the same as the letters of the Greek alphabet. symbol value symbol value symbol value ! 1 ” 10 # 100 $ 2 % 20 & 200 ‘ 3 ( 30 ) 300 * 4 + 40 , 400 – 5 . 50 / 500 6 0 60 1 600 2 7 3 70 4 700 5 8 6 80 7 800 8 9 90 900 where three additional characters, the (digamma), the (koppa), 1°c 2000, G. Donald Allen Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 2 and the (sampi) are used. Hence, &62 = 287 Larger Numbers Larger numbers were also available. The thousands, 1000 to 9000, were represented by placing adiacritical mark ! before a unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 In other sources we see the diacritical mark placed as a subscript before the unit. Thus ! ‘&62 = 3287 The uses of a M was used to represent numbers from 10,000 on up. Thus 9! = 50: 000 9″#&62 = 120: 287 Alternatively, depending on the history one reads 9 – = 50: 000 9!% ¢ &62 = 120: 287 Archimedes, in his book The Sand Reckoner, calculated the number of grains of sand to fill the universe”. This required him to develop an extention the power of Greek enumeration to include very large numbers. Fractions In the area of fractions, context was crucial for correctly reading a fraction. A diacritical mark was placed after the denominator of the (unit) fraction. So, $ ! = 1 2 ;<= +$ ! = 1 42 but this latter example could also mean 40 ! ” . More complex fractions could be written as well, with context again being important. The numerator was written with an overbar. Thus, .! 6* = 51 84 Numerous, similar, representations also have been used, with increasing sophistication over time. Indeed, Diophantus uses a fractional form identical to ours but with the numerator and denominator in reversed positions. 2The reader may ask, ”What universe?” It was the universe of Aristarchos the so called ‘ancient Copernicus’ because he proposed a sun centered universe with the earth and other planet orbiting it. More on this later. Greek Numbers and Arithmetic 3 # Calculation The arithmetic operations are complex in that so many symbols are used. However, as you can imagine, addition amounts to grouping and then carrying. For example 5+7= – + 2 = %$ = 12, not terribly unlike what we do. Multiplication was carried out using the distributive law. For example: &62 ¢ $ = (& + 6 + 2) £ $ = (200 + 80 + 7) £ 2 = 400 + 160 + 14 = 574 = /3*
A vast knowledge locked-coded into words because of mathematical values they have. One of the pioneers on the matter was maximum Pythagoras.
The numbers, shapes, harmony and the stars have something in common, so respectively mathematics (numbers) geometry (shape), harmony (music) and astro-nomy (one star = a-choris- bracket + natural nomoipou govern ) were sisters sciences by Pythagoras, which in this series we discussed was the ladder to development (= ex -tou- helix, DNA) of mind-soul to the Creator.
A Creator who created based on these four disciplines. 27 symbols-figures in numerical value make up the Greek Alphabet, 3 groups of 9 numbers-symbols each group, totaling each group 45, 450, 4,500. ALPHA = 1 + 30 + 500 + 1 = 532 => 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 EN = 5 + 50 = 55 => 5 + 5 = 10 => 1 + 0 = 1 OMIKRON = 70 + 40 + 10 + 20 + 100 + 70 + 50 = 360, as there are degrees of the circle
To be able to understand the meanings of the concepts of words of ancient Greek tongue should first know a little about the actual Greek language.
The ancient Greek language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The ancient Greek language is a MATHEMATICAL MASTERPIECE that wè`ll try to approach.
The beginning of everything is the same as the Ancient Greek alphabet (which of course we did not get it from someone else as we shall see, because factually not possible). The letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole was 33 and as many vertebrae, the last five vertebrae (playing the role of the antenna) directly related to the brain and corresponding to the last 5 ineffable letters which only the priests knew * one of them It was the right (or Gammadion) which in Latin became swstika and the Nazis stole and name Swastika. This symbol is the life-giving Sun (Apollo), the Nazis reversed it to symbolize the opposite of life-giving Sun, ie dark death.
There were also some letters which over time abolished as Digamma (F, Qoppa (Q), stigma (S ‘), Saba (ϡ) Pythagoras inform us about the 3 levels of Greek language which are:
1. Talking 2. Signifier (a. Signal b. Signified) 3. caches (a. Time b. Vibration c. Lexarithmos d. Tonarithmos) -The First is the speech -The Second is the relationship between the mark and the signified that we will analyze below. -The Third is the interval (distance & time), vibration (which awakens the brain through resonance frequencies of the created pulses – Pallas Athena) the lexarithmos (relation of letters and words with numbers) and tonarithmos (relation of letters and words of tunes )
Each letter corresponding to a number, and a musical tone so letter = number = tone (musician), which shows that in our language behind letters-words are numbers (lexarithmoi) and musical sounds (tonarithmoi).
The four sisters sciences by Pythagoras were: 1. Numbers (mathematics) 2. Shapes (Geometry – γεωμετρια); from: geo+metria=earth measure, meter. 3. Music (Harmony)(nine muses..) 4. Astronomy (Astro+nomia from nomos=law)
The above sciences are interrelated with the Ancient Hellenic Language and are into each another like Russian bampouskes. Combine alphabet enclosing numbers and musical tones with these 4 disciplines.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2. Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres thus speak a language that has to do with the flow of the universe.
PHOENICIAN “ALPHABET”: AN HISTORICAL DECEPTION
This theory:
1. Completely rejects the theorem that the Greek language came from another language (the so-called “Indo-European”!!!), since it is PROVEN to be the only NON-conventional language of the world. In other words, the only language where a relationship betweenthe “word” (as a form) and the “meaning of the word” is established.
2. Consequently, it is proven that Greek is the first and only created language of the human species which provided the basis for all “conventional” languages, as are all the other languages of the world (where there is no causative relationship between the form and the meaning). These other languages are a corrupt form of Greek.
3. This theory proves, without a doubt, that the alphabet was created by the Greeks so that the 24 or 27 code letters would aid in attributing the meanings of the Greek words (and only of these).
4. Comparatively, this theory shows that the symbols of the Phoenician writings and their nouns, e.g., “alef” = ox, “beth” = hut, “gimel = camel, etc., not only do not contain coded meaning, but are also associated or refer to [the] primitive animal conditions – [one would expect in a culturally backward society].
”Τό πού, πόθ’ όπερ κρίνεται τού χρόνου” !!!(ancient Greek=” Where, what is it that is judged by time ”)
(Χρυσό ενεπίγραφο φύλλο μυρτιάς ή δάφνης, τέλος 4ου αι. π.Χ./ Από το ανατολικό νεκροταφείο της Πέλλας/Φέρει στικτή επιγραφή σε τρεις στίχους: ΦΕΡΣΕΦΟΝΗΙ ΠΟΣΕΙΔΙΠΠΟΣ ΜΥΣΤΗΣ ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ/Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Πέλλας)
(Gold engraved leaf of myrtle or laurel, end of the 4th century BC / From the east cemetery of Pella / It has a dotted inscription on three lines: FERSEFONHI POSEIDIPPOS MYTIS EYSEVIS / Ephorate of Antiquities of Pella the capital of ancient Macedonia)
Overwhelming evidence that one of the most important discoveries in the history of civilization is Greek ,a deception that usurps and distorts Greek History and Civilization. It is of utmost importance that the truth be restored not only for modern Greece, but also for thewhole of humanity.The deception that alphabetical script was discovered by the Phoenicians is a long-lived one.For the past 14 years [the Greek scholarly magazine] Davlos has published numerous articleson this problem. This prompted K. Katis to ask that we submit a relevant article for hismainstream daily so that this important issue would become known to a wider audience.
This article summarizes the strong evidence against the “Phoenician Deception,” and proves that the greatest discovery in the history of civilization is Greek. We believe it necessary to republish this article in [this issue of] Davlos exactly as it appeared in the daily.
A SCIENTIFIC MONSTROSITY.
According to linguistic theory, an “alphabet” is defined as “the sum of symbols following a specific sequence and order used to ascribe the essential utterances of a language, under thecondition that each utterance represents only one symbol and vice-versa”. Consequently, in alphabetical script (as an example, in the writings of the people of Europe, America,Australian, as well as the other parts of the world) each letter represents one essential sound.This is not true for the imperfect alphabets expressed through syllables where each symbolrepresents a syllable (with two or more voiced sounds). For example, in Greek Linear A and B, there is a symbol that represents the syllable ko (k + o), a symbol that represents the syllable po (p + o), etc. In Phoenician writing (which has only consonants and no vowels), this situation is even worse, as far as we can tell from the small amount of existing samples.
IN PHOENICIAN, EACH SYMBOL IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO ONE SPECIFIC SYLLABLE, BUT TO A VARIETY OF SYLLABLES, AND THUS THE READER CAN USE HIS IMAGINATION WHEN ATTEMPTING TO DECIPHER THE SOUNDS. FOR EXAMPLE, THERE ARE CONSONANTS WHICH CAN BE READ AS EITHER BA, BOU, BE, BI, BO, ETC. OTHERS IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAT CAN BE READ AS GOU, GA, GE, GO, AND SO ON. CONSEQUENTLY, PHOENICIAN SCRIPT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN ALPHABET, AND IS NOT EVEN AN ADVANCED FORM OF SYLLABIC SCRIPT NEARING THE PERFECTION OF THE EQUIVALENT GREEK SYLLABIC WRITINGS. IT IS TRULY AMAZING TO THINK THAT, IN THE ACADEMIC WORLD OF THE PAST 150 YEARS, THE ALMOST CONTRADICTORY TERM OF “PHOENICIAN ALPHABET” HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED, WHICH, IN REALITY REFERS TO A TYPE OF WRITING THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH AN ALPHABET. IT IS EVEN MORE UNBELIEVABLE TO THINK THAT THE SCIENTIFIC DOGMA THAT GREEK CAME FROM PHOENICIAN HAS BEEN ENFORCED. NOT ONLY THE PHOENICIAN IS NOT AN ALPHABET, IT IS A LESS ADVANCED FORM OF WRITING THAN GREEK LINEAR A AND B.
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=DKCPURQQS2Y
GREEKNESS OF THE ALPHABET
A) ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THE THEORY THAT THE ALPHABET IS A PHOENICIAN DISCOVERY HAS BEEN MAINTAINED THROUGH THE ARGUMENT, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THAT CERTAIN SYMBOLS OF PHOENICIAN WRITING ARE SIMILAR TO THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET. FOR EXAMPLE, THE PHOENICIAN ALEF IS THE REVERSE OR SIDEWAYS GREEK “A.” THIS ARGUMENT WAS A STRONG ONE UNTIL ABOUT 100 YEARS AGO, WHEN LINGUISTS AND HISTORIANS STILL MAINTAINED THAT THE GREEKS DID NOT KNOW HOW TO WRITE BEFORE 800 B. C.! AROUND 1900 A.D., HOWEVER, ARTHUR EVANS EXCAVATED THE GREEK MINOAN CRETE AND DISCOVERED THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS, WHOSE SYMBOLS CORRESPONDED TO 17 OF THE 24 LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET. GIVEN THAT (A), THE MOST ANCIENT EVIDENCE OF THE GREEK SCRIPTS (LINEAR A AND LINEAR B) THAT WERE LATER DISCOVERED IN PYLOS, MYCENAE, MENIDI AND THEBES — BUT ALSO IN MORE NORTHERN AREAS UP TO THE DANUBE RIVER AS WELL — WERE DATED TO BEFORE 1500 B.C. AND (B), THAT THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR WRITINGS APPEAR IN HISTORY NO EARLIER THAN 1300 BC, EVANS WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO EXPRESS DOUBTS ABOUT THE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS RECEIVED THEIR SCRIPT FROM THE PHOENICIANS. HE PUT FORWARD THE SCIENTIFIC SUSPICION THAT IT WAS PROBABLY THE OTHER WAY ROUND. THE DOUBTS PERTAINING AS TO WHO WAS FIRST — THE PHOENICIANS OR THE GREEKS — IN DISCOVERING WRITING, BECAME A CERTAINTY WHEN FRENCH PROFESSOR, PAUL FORE, AN INTERNATIONALLY ACCLAIMED SPECIALIST ON PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY, PUBLISHED A REPORT IN NESTOR (AN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA — 16TH YEAR, 1989, PAGE 2288). IN THIS REPORT, HE SUBMITS AND DECIPHERS PLATES WITH GREEK LINEAR WRITING FOUND AT THE CYCLOPEAN WALL OF PILIKATES, IN ITHACA, DATED, THROUGH THE USE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS, BACK TO 2700 B.C., THE LANGUAGE OF THESE PLATES WAS GREEK, AND THE DECODING BY PROFESSOR FORE RESULTED IN THE FOLLOWING SYLLABIC TEXT, EXPRESSED PHONETICALLY: A]RE-DA-TI. DA-MI-U-A-.A-TE-NA-KA-NA-RE (IJA)-TE. THE PHONETIC EQUIVALENT OF THIS IS TRANSLATED, ALWAYS ACCORDING TO THE PROFESSOR, AS: “ΙΔΟΎ ΤΙ ΕΓΏ Η ΑΡΕΔΆΤΙΣ ΔΊΔΩ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΣΣΑΝ, ΤΗΝ ΘΕΆΝ ΡΈΑΝ: 100 ΑΊΓΑΣ, 10 ΠΡΌΒΑΤΑ, 3 ΧΟΊΡΟΥΣ” [HERE IS WHAT I, AREDATIS, GIVES TO THE QUEEN- GODDESS REA, 100 GOATS, 10 SHEEP, 3 PIGS]. (SEE, “DAVLOS” MAGAZINE, ISSUE 107, NOVEMBER 1990, PAGE 6103). THUS, FORE PROVED THAT THE GREEKS WERE WRITING AND SPEAKING GREEK AT LEAST 1400 YEARS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF THE PHOENICIANS AND THEIR SCRIPT IN HISTORY. BUT, THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN GREECE DURING THE LAST 15 YEARS HAVE GIVEN US MANY MORE GREAT SURPRISES: THE GREEKS WERE WRITING USING NOT ONLY LINEAR A AND B, BUT ALSO A TYPE OF WRITING IDENTICAL TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET SINCE AT LEAST 6000 B.C. IN FACT, AT DISPILIO, IN THE LAKE OF KASTORIA, IN NORTHERN GREECE, PROFESSOR G. HOUMOUZIADIS DISCOVERED A PLATE WITH WRITING VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE ALPHABET, WHICH WAS DATED, USING RADIOACTIVE CARBON- 14 AND VISUAL PHOTOTHERMAL METHODOLOGY, BACK TO 5250 B.C. (SEE DAVLOS, ISSUE 147). THREE YEARS LATER, N. SAMSON, A CURATOR OF THE PREHISTORIC AND CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES DEPARTMENT, DISCOVERED SHARDS OF VASES (“OSTRAKA”) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE PRESENT GREEK ALPHABET WHILE EXCAVATING AT THE “CYCLOP’S CAVE,” ON THE DESERTED ISLAND OF YIOURA, NEAR THE INHABITED ISLAND OF ALONNISSOS, IN THE NORTHERN SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX. THESE VASES WERE DATED TO5,500 TO 6,000 B.C. WITH THE SAME METHODS (SEE “DAVLOS,” ISSUE 185, MAY 1997). THE SAME ARCHAEOLOGIST, WHILE PERFORMING EXCAVATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF MILOS, DISCOVERED VESSELS OF THE PROTO-CYCLADIC PERIOD (MID-3RD MILLENNIUM B.C.) WITH LETTERS IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS:
“X,” “N,” “M,” “K,” “Ξ” [KSI],”Π” [P], “Ο,” & “Ε.” (SEE N. SAMSON’S INTERVIEW IN DAVLOS,ISSUE 204, DECEMBER 1998, PAGE 12749.)
IT IS APPARENT THAT THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE GIVEN A “COMICAL’ CHARACTER TO THE SO-CALLED “PHOENICIAN THEORY” ON THE DISCOVERY OF WRITING. IN ADDITION, THESE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED CHRONOLOGICAL DATING OF GREEK HISTORY AS IT IS TAUGHT TODAY, AS WELL AS THE WORLD HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION ITSELF. (SEE ALSO THE BOOK BY CON. KOUTROUVELLI, “RE- ESTABLISHING THE CHRONOLOGY OF PREHISTORIC TIMES BASED PRIMARILY ON ASTRONOMICAL INFORMATION FROM ANCIENT WRITERS,” DAVLOS PUBLISHING, 1999.)
b) The somewhat mathematical proof
While the house-of-cards which provided “proof”‘ of the so-called “Phoenician alphabet” was being torn down by archaeological discoveries, another overwhelming piece of evidence surfaced. This evidence was offered to us by the 20-year long discreet and timid research of the Greek Language and Writing by a great researcher, Elias Tsatsomoiros. Unfortunately E.Tsatsomoiros passed away on December 19th 1991, after having, however, completed his revolutionary work, History of the Genesis of the Greek Language-from the hunter-gatherer to the time of Zeus-the Deciphering of the Greek Alphabet. The undersigned [writer of this article] had the honor of publishing and editing this work (Davlos Publishing, 1991), but also the honor of having worked closely with the researcher for more than a decade. We had long discussions on the numerous problems arising from the research, and we had published a series of articles in Davlos magazine. This memorable researcher proved in a remarkable way that every letter of the Greek alphabet contained a consistent code meaning, which is literally introduced either exactly or metaphorically within the general meaning of the Greek word it belongs to, as a partial meaning. Consequently, every (ancient) Greek word is basically an acronym (similar to D(imosia) E (picheirisi) H(lektrismou) [=ΔΕΗ in Greek, or as U(nited) N(ations), in English], where every letter provides a significant or less significant notional element, and then, they all together provide the logical definition of the meaning expressed bythe word. The “significant difference” of each word’s meaning is usually provided by the firstletter. Obviously, there is not enough space in this article to present the code meaning of the letters of the Greek alphabet as a whole, as they are analyzed in this revolutionary volume of research in the field of human speech. As an example, I will choose only one of the now days 24 letters (orinaly 27) of the Hellenic alphabet, “Ypsilon” = “Y” or, small case, “u” (pronounced, long-e “eepsilon,” the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet, and familiar to us as “Y” in the so-called “Latin” alphabet– which is nothing more than a variationof the Greek “Chalcidean” alphabet). Ypsilon, therefore, as its shape indicates, has the code meaning of “a cavity” οr, if reversed, of a “convexity.” This meaning is introduced into the words containing this letter, and sometimes, by extension into the meaning of liquids (which, through their natural flow end up filling the “cavity”). I will quickly mention some of the names of vessels and liquids (such as the amphiconical κ-Υ-πελλο which is dated back to 2700 B.C. and is displayed at the Heraklion Museum). One may add to the words mentioned there, many others, such as kot-Y-li, go-Y-ttos, tr-Y-blion, p-Y-xis, amphore-Y-s, b-Y-tion, l-Y-chnos, procho-Y-s, ske-Y-os, etc, all having the meaning of a curvedobject. Also, some other words such as k-Y-hsis (rounding of the stomach ofan eng-Y-os [pregnant] woman); k-Y-ma (curving on the surface of the ocean); cr-Y-pti (curving of the ground); the preposition [h-Y-po] Y-po (meaning under a certain level); h-Y-per (preposition meaning above acertain level); Y-psos =height; and all of the hundreds of words that have h-Y-po or h-Y-per as a prefix, as well as thousands of others. This discovery, which unfortunately has been officially ignored, is a continuation of the forgotten Platonic approach to the problem of language (see Plato’s Cratylus ).
THE HERODOTUS EXTRACT
ALL THE GREEK WRITERS WHO MENTION THE ALPHABET (THEY CALLED IT “GRAMMATA”) CONSIDER IT A VERY ANCIENT GREEK INVENTION (BY PROMETHEUS, PALAMEDES, LINUS, ETC). THE THEORY OF THE PHOENICIAN ALPHABET WAS ALWAYS, AND IS STILL, BASED ON AN EXCEPTION TO THIS GENERAL RULE. THISEXCEPTION IS AN EXCERPT FROM HERODOTUS, THAT HE HIMSELF PRESENTS AS HIS ‘PERSONAL OPINION’ (“ΩΣ ΕΜΟΙ ΔΟΚΕΕΙ” = “AS IT SEEMS TO ME”). THIS OPINION WAS FORMED BASED ON THE SAYINGS OF OTHERS, AS HE HIMSELF MENTIONS IN THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS (“ΑΝΑΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ” = TAKING INFORMATION FROM OTHERS). LET US HAVE A LOOK AT THE HERODOTUS’ EXCERPT (HISTORY, E 58): [58. AS FAR AS THE PHOENICIANS, THEY, WHO ARRIVED WITH CADMUS, INCLUDING THE GEFIRAIOI, HAD LIVED IN MANY OTHER PLACES AND INTRODUCED ALSO ARTS (NEW AND UNKNOWN) TO THE GREEKS; IN FACT, AND ALSO (SOME) WRITING, WHICHHAD NOT BEEN KNOWN TO THE GREEKS BEFORE THAT, AS I THINK, FIRST THIS WRITING WHICH WAS USED BY ALL THE PHOENICIANS. WITH THE PASSING OF TIME, HOWEVER, THE PHOENICIANS CHANGED THIS TYPE OF WRITING ALONG WITH THEIR LANGUAGE.]
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT THIS EXCERPT IS THAT IN THE CRITICAL PHRASE “… AMA TIN FONI METEVALLON KAI TON RHITHMON TON GRAMMATON,” IT IS DISCLOSED THAT THE PHOENICIANS-GEFIRAIOI THAT WENT TO VIOTIA WITH CADMUS BROUGHT SOME FORM OF WRITING WITH THEM. BUT, AS THE PHOENICIANS “CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE” (THEY LEARNED GREEK, IN OTHER WORDS), THEY ALSO CHANGED THEIR WRITING (THEY STARTED WRITING, THEREFORE, WITH THE EXISTING ANCIENT GREEK WRITING THAT ALREADY EXISTED IN VIOTIA). ALTHOUGH THIS STATEMENT WAS MADE BY HERODOTUS, THE TRANSLATORS, SUBSEQUENTLY, PROVIDED THE TRANSLATION [MEANING] THAT THE LOCAL GREEK VIOTES AND NOT THE PHOENICIAN EMIGRANTS CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE AND WRITING AND ADOPTED THE PHOENICIAN! THIS GENERALLY INCOHERENT REFERENCE TO THE ALPHABET, AS IT HAS BEEN SAVED, HAS BEEN OBVIOUSLY ALTERED AND MEDDLED WITH, WHO KNOWS BY WHOM AND WHEN. LET US LOOK AT THE SUSPICIOUS CONTINUATION OF THE TEXT, AS IT HAS ARRIVED TO US:
AROUND THEM (THE PHOENICIANS) LIVED AT THAT PLACE DURING THAT YEAR (YEAR OF CADMUS) IONIAN GREEKS, WHO RECEIVED THROUGH CONTACT OR THROUGH TEACHINGS BY THE PHOENICIANS THEIR WRITINGS, CHANGING THEIR OWN WRITING WHICH THEY USED LITTLE. WHEN USING THIS WRITING AND SINCE THIS WRITING HAD BEEN INTRODUCED TO GREECE BY PHOENICIANS, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN.
IONIAN GREEKS LIVING AROUND THE PHOENICIANS RECEIVED THE PHOENICIAN WRITING AND, USING A FEW OF ITS LETTERS, SINCE THEY HAD ALTERED THEM AND SINCE IT WAS JUST, THEY CALLED IT PHOENICIAN-TO PAY TRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE WHO BROUGHT IT TO GREECE, IS A STRIKING CONTRADICTION. CONSEQUENTLY, ONE CAN ASSUME THAT THIS IS A FORGED PARAGRAPH, HYPOTHETICALLY EXPLANATORY, WHICH AIMS TO REDUCE THE PREVIOUS STATEMENT “…AS THEY CHANGED THEIR LANGUAGE, THEY CHANGED THEIR WRITING,” TO AN UNIMPORTANT STATEMENT. THIS IS HOW THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS SUBSTANTIATED AND IS MAINTAINED AS AN OBVIOUS FORGERY.
IN ADDITION
THE “PHOENICIAN THEORY” WAS ESTABLISHED IN EUROPE DURING A TIME, WHEN, AS THE RENOWNED BRITISH CLASSICAL SCHOLAR, S. G. REMBROKE (THE LEGACY OF GREECE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1984) WROTE, “THE PHOENICIANS WERE GIVEN AN INTERMEDIARY ROLE “THAT IS NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL INFORMATION”. A ROLE, IN OTHER WORDS, OF THE TRANSPORTER OF WISDOM AND CIVILIZATION FROM THE “CHOSEN” PEOPLE OF ISRAEL TO THE “UNCIVILIZED” NATIONS, AND SPECIFICALLY THE GREEKS. THIS, OF COURSE, COULD BE FORGIVEN, SINCE THIS WAS ESTABLISHED AROUND THE END OF THE MEDIEVAL AGES, WHEN RELIGIOUS FANATICISM AND BACKWARDNESS HAD REACHED SUCH A POINT THAT THE DAUGHTER OF AGAMEMNON, IPHIGENIA, IS PRESENTED AS THE DAUGHTER OF IEPHTHA; DEUKALION IS PRESENTED (CENTURIES LATER & COPIED & TWISTED,..AS…”NOAH”(!!)???!!!. APPIS IS A CONSUL OF JOSEPH? APOLLO, PRIAMOS, TIRESIAS, AND ORPHEUS: OF MOSES?… THE STORY OF THE OF THE ISRAELITES FROM EGYPT TO PALESTINE, AND OTHER SIMILAR DISTORTIONS IS A VERY BAD & TWISTED COPPY OF THE ARGONAUTS IS THE CROSSING. THE ABOVE ARE NOTED BY REMBROKE.
AND WE CONCLUDE: AT THE TIME, HELLENISM WAS IN COMATOSE SPIRITUAL CONDITION REGARDING NATIONAL AND HISTORICAL AWARENESS, AND THEREFORE TOTALLY UNABLE TO DEFEND ITS HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION, AND FOR THIS REASON COULD NOT REACT AND DID NOT REACT. TODAY, IT IS WITH OURTOLERANCE THAT OUR LANGUAGE IS DEEMED “INDO-EUROPEAN,” AND OUR WRITING “PHOENICIAN,” OUR ATHENA AND OUR SOCRATES ARE PRESENTED AS “BLACKS,” AND OUR CIVILIZATION AS “AFRICAN.” WHAT SPIRITUAL SITUATION ARE WE IN NOW? [I.E., WHAT’S OUR EXCUSE THIS TIME?]
NOTES: ON PAGE 13745 OF THIS ARTICLE, IS A PICTURE OF A PIECE OF SHARD [POTTERY] DATED TO 6,000 B.C., FOUND ON THE ISLET OF YOURA OF THE NORTH SPORADES ISLAND COMPLEX WITH GREEK ALPHABETICAL WRITINGS. ONE CAN SEE THE LETTERS “A,” “Y,” & “D” [ALPHA, EEPSILON, AND DELTA ], ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE GREEK LETTERS OF THE CLASSICAL ALPHABETS. THIS FINDING PROVES THAT THE GREEK ALPHABET IS OLDER THAN THE GREEK LINEAR WRITINGS. THIS FINDING ALSO COMPLETELY AND DEFINITELY DISPROVES THE FALSE THEORY THAT THE GREEKS GOT THEIR ALPHABET FROM THE PHOENICIANS, WHO MADE THEIR HISTORICAL APPEARANCE AROUND 1300 B.C., IN OTHER WORDS ABOUT 4,500 TO 5,000 YEARS AFTER THE CREATION OF THIS PLAQUE AT YOURA. ON PAGE 13747 ARE SHOWN LETTER-SYMBOLS FROM THE PROTO-CYCLADIC VESSELS OF MILOS (MID-THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.). ONE CAN DISTINGUISH THE [LETTER] “X” [CHI] TO THE LEFT AND THE [LETTER] “N” TO THE RIGHT. THESE LETTERS ARE WRITTEN JUST AS THE LETTERS OF THE GREEK ALPHABET ARE WRITTEN TODAY.
THE SPEECH AND CLEAR CONFESSION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT(ALEXANDROS O MEGAS) TO BOTH ATHENIANS AND PERSIANS.
-Had I not greatly at heart the Common welfare of Greece I should not have come to tell you; but I am myself Greek by descent, (“te gar Hellên genos eimi tôrchaion“) and I would not willingly see Greece exchange freedom for slavery. …If you prosper in this war, forget not to do something for my freedom; consider the risk I have run, out of zeal for the Greek Cause,….I am Alexander of Macedon‘
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander the First was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably
FIRSTLY WE INTEND TO EXAMINE THE ANCIENT EVIDENCE ON THE WAY THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS WERE DEFINING THEMSELVES IN REFERENCE TO THEIR OWN IDENTITY. CONCERNING THEIR OWN BELIEFS ABOUT THEMSELVES WE SHALL REVIEW THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMING FROM THE ANCIENT SOURCES, BOTH LITERARY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL. A. THE LITERARY EVIDENCE THE FIRST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE COMES FROM THE MACEDONIAN KING ALEXANDER DURING HIS SPEECH TO ATHENEANS. ESSENTIALLY WE HAVE A CLEAR CONFESSION THAT ALEXANDER CONSIDERS HIMSELF A GREEK. -HAD I NOT GREATLY AT HEART THE COMMON WELFARE OF GREECE I SHOULD NOT HAVE COME TO TELL YOU; BUT I AM MYSELF GREEK BY DESCENT, (“TE GAR HELLÊN GENOS EIMI TÔRCHAION“) AND I WOULD NOT WILLINGLY SEE GREECE EXCHANGE FREEDOM FOR SLAVERY. …IF YOU PROSPER IN THIS WAR, FORGET NOT TO DO SOMETHING FOR MY FREEDOM; CONSIDER THE RISK I HAVE RUN, OUT OF ZEAL FOR THE GREEK CAUSE,….I AM ALEXANDER OF MACEDON‘1
Another cited excerpt makes it even more clear that Alexander I was proud of his Hellenic identity. While speaking to Persians: Tell your king who sent you how a Greek man, viceroy of the Macedonians (“anêr Hellên – Makedonôn hyparchos”)has received you hospitably… “
What the word EUROPE means?
..THEN one knows..What the word ΕΥΡΩΠΗ (EUROPE) means!!! ..Here: Europa being abducted by Zeus disguised as a bull, detail from an Attic (Attica was – & still is the county of Athens) krater(, 5th century; in the Tarquinia National MuseumFrom the (ΛΕΞΙΣ)-LEΞΙΣ(=Word) ops(ωψ)……comes the unknown maybe complex ευρωπός (Europe = WIDE+ViIEW), but also well-known to us bottleneck (στενωπός – steno+opos = the narrow passage), and: πρόσωπον–prosopon(= person), ενώπιον – enopion= before etc.
After all this opens the way to and from … Europe, as an element of beauty, which etymologically is only the female of “euryopa” we saw in the beginning.
THE ISOLATED WORD IS “ΕΥΡΎΟΠΑ” – “EVRYOPA” MEANING ONE WHO HAS WIDE EYES, WITH WHOM SUPERVISE EVERYTHING, THAT PERFORM AS THE “PANTEPOPTES”(=TOTAL CONTROLERS)..
In our mind now comes the Kyklop(s)-Κύκλωψ (κύκλος+ωψ) – kyclos=circle + ops) = one who has a round eye.Ex: Optic etc.
And that in turn reminds us of the Modern Hellenic the Word: presviops – From: πρέσβυς =(=γέρον=geron=elder, as geriatric ) + ωψ-ops [=sight, up vision)] = one who suffers from (πρεσβυωπία)-presbyopia, ie. By inability to clearly distinguish near objects, which is common in the elderly, and the SA (Ancient) myopic (who constricts eyelids to public).The surprises continue as it is clear from the myo (= close lips) produced another series of words, such as the little-known myzo (= drink with closed lips, suck, suck), which we find among others, Xenophon (Snooze . 4,5,27):
THE ABOVE SCIENCES ARE INTERRELATED WITH THE ANCIENT HELLENIC LANGUAGE AND ARE INTO EACH ANOTHER LIKE RUSSIAN BAMPOUSKES. COMBINE ALPHABET ENCLOSING NUMBERS AND MUSICAL TONES WITH THESE 4 DISCIPLINES.
1.Astronomia = + astir law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern what is not based somewhere, who have to do with music (harmony),shapes (geometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms.
2.THE PYTHAGORAS HEARD THE HARMONY (MUSIC) OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERES THUS SPEAK A LANGUAGE THAT HAS TO DO WITH THE FLOW OF THE UNIVERSE.
THE ENORMOUS IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC FOR THE PYTHAGOREANS
<<<<<<<<PYTHAGORAS AND MUSIC>>>>>>>
So it said that Pythagoras, and practice once, with the help spondiakou State played a piper, extinguished the rage of an intoxicated young Tafromenitou, who during the night attacked with loud voices against his mistress at the door of his rival by drawing to set fire to the house. And so, being in a tizzy and he is steady due to the Phrygian melody lumen. This passion has rapidly healed Pythagoras, who happened at that moment, at an inappropriate time, to deal with the laws governing the stars. Then said the piper to turn the Phrygian melody spondaic, with which the young man, having calmed down, returned immediately and decency in his house, and just now not only tolerated by Pythagoras or admonition, but with fury and insults He had refused to meet him.
Ancient Greek Language is the only one that is not based on the fact that some people just sit and agreed to call an object “x” or “y” as all other sterile world languages. The Ancient Greek language is a mathematical masterpiece that will try to approach
Written text 7270 YEARS THAT FOUND IN KASTORIA overturns ALL!
GREEKS discover ALPHABET
Once again is the Phoenician Deception Revealed!
The MYTH about the … “Phoenician … Alphabet” !!! The first written text in Europe – In 1998 Professor. G.. Hourmouziadis said the publication of the text is impossible!
It is evident that any official publication would upset the entire history of discovery on scene of writing, imprinting the articulate voice of man with letters (and not ideograms) and even in the territory of Greece, in the territory of Europe.
It overturned ie the theory that the Greeks were they, light from the east (from Babylonian, Sumerian, palm trees, etc. !!) And we had to fill the big gap of four thousand years, ie when the Eastern peoples expressed by ideograms The Greeks wrote with syllables as today. It is obvious that indicates early stage thought and culture.
According to today’s theory – taught in Greek schools – the Greeks learned writing around 800 BC “by the …..Phoenicians”(!!).
What they can NOT explain to us how the Ancient Greek language may have 800,000 entries, first language on the planet, when the next has 250,000 entries.
How can the Homeric epics were written around 800 BC ie when they learned to write Greek?
Suddenly encountered the ancient Greeks on the historical scene in the 8th century BC, with the language of hundreds of thousands of entries, which is required to create linguistic prehistory least 10,000 years (according to official American linguistic exposure).
The English language is 1,600 years old and has 48% Greek words with a total of 240,000 entries. The German is 1,700 years old and has 250,000 entries with Greek words 46%.
What troubles the historians, or because they were not lost in the dust of history and the Greeks as the Canaanites, the Sumerians, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, etc .;
The oldest organized written text found in the land of Europe and dates from before 7254 years (!) Today revealed the lake of Kastoria.
It is a wooden plaque engraved with an unknown message from a Neolithic fisherman or dealer limniaiou prehistoric settlement in dispilio, written two thousand years before the written findings of the Sumerians and four thousand years before cretomycenean clay tablets of linear writing. The shocking announcement made yesterday during the archaeological conference for this year’s excavation work in Northern Greece Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Mr. George Hourmouziadis, the document revealed during excavation last summer.
The wooden sign with the inscription dated accurately by the method of carbon-14 in the “Democritus” in 5260 (!) BC, at the end of the Middle Neolithic period.
Mr. Hourmouziadis scientific arguments concluded that the engravings of the inscription, which is organized into verses should not be decorative, but “letters” that can be integrated into the palaioeuropean system. Linear B tablets from Pylos. Used by Ventris to decipher language as Greek. 13th century BC
Tip: Astronomy = astir + Law, a-Justice = is not supported, so astronomy = the universal laws that govern weometry) numbers (mathematics ) and all the ether that surrounds the heavenly realms. Tip 2: Pythagoras heard the harmony (music) of the celestial Spheres So to speak the Ancient Greek language that has to do with the flow of the universe. It`s is the only language, that can be used for H / Y due mathimatica and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=Position: Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc if now these words to translate in English are totally unrelated.
That is not the Alphabet to be copied from somewhere else seen from that in the year 900 before the beginning of the Christian dating, Homer already available to the 6.5 million primary words (present tense and first person singular) that if the multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born. IF we compare now eg the English language has 80,000 words, of which 80% are Greek as we inform the University of Wales, and measure that this sterile language evolves 1000 years, we effortlessly draw the conclusion that Homer receives a language which has a depth in time 100,000 years ago, 500,000 years ago? Who knows… But the ultimate proof is mathimatikotita itself of which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that Creation uses mathematics, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1). Also the same mathematics have not been anywhere else as you read the following article by clicking HERE But before the “crypt” is the “means”, ie the connection of words with meanings. We said earlier that foreign dialects defined by agreement, ie some agreed that the subject of so and so will call it “X”, which makes the languages sterile, so they can give birth to new words, so there mathimatikotita therefore can not describe new concepts that exist in nature, resulting in the brain where it can not describe through new words new meanings remain in the dark, so the neurons of the brain does not generate new as opposed to those who use the Greek. How could eg the English or the French or the X, Y with a word that has 10 concepts to describe accurately and therefore clearly a deeper meaning? Especially the multiple aspects of this? Can not. Here’s why it all started here. It means then is the connection between the mark and the signified, that the word itself is created in a way that describes the meaning esokleinei inside. Example: the naming of the word curry (Walnut) comes from an observation of nature (as all words), ie when two horned animals (Rams, goats etc.) tra.kar.oun with their ker.ata hear the “crack” or “fem”, the sound he gave the name “horn” (horn) the horn gave the name hold or skull (head) and the nicknames of this curry (small head). Curry (nut) looks amazing to the human head and the interior of the brain. Y is the root of the verb YO (rain) where Y is concavity (or convexity) that mates something, rain (water element) enters (nest) into the earth. The musical – numeric alphabet creates musical – mathematical words that describe relevant concepts, which are derived from observation of nature ie of Creation, but the question is how many millennia may be needed to create this perfect mathematical complex letters are numbers and yet musical tones and words that all the numbers and music tones hide inside Except for complex musical harmonies, concepts which are not random at all but after extensive observation of nature? Let’s analyze grammatically the word ΕΡΩΣ (“EROS”=”LOVE”) Ε= Εκπορευόμενη Δύναμις (του φωτός) = emanating Force (light) Ρ= Ροή πρωτίστως Φωτοενεργειών, = flow primarity Photoenergy Ω= Ο πλανήτης – γήινο πεδίο The planet = The Earth Field Σ= Το εσωτερικόν θεώμενον = The inner being viewed
The word ΕΡΩΣ – EROS O + S is the flow of the power of light (life-knowledge) from the universe to the earthly plane and into the depths of ourselves. In Hesiod’s Theogony the update is one of the three authorities (Chaos, Gaia, Eros). Light encloses the knowledge, life, beauty, beauty, serenity, happiness, goodness, love, harmony, etc ..
Eros is not only that which exists between a man and a woman if CHAOS EROS GAIA preexisting human. EROS between the universe to the earth, harmony of nature eg rain and vegetation, even in combination with the human element, eg a man and a beautiful evening sunset or generally anything that offers harmony and therefore bliss. One aspect of Eros is also the harmony between man and woman which yields the holy genesis. The harmony stems from the duality of 0/1, Masculine (1) and the Feminine (c). The 0/0 or 1/1 not create because it is cosmic disharmony. The word then “Eros” means nothing aphrodisiac (sexual) but a higher spiritual state, do not forget that the word priest comes from there. Arguably, therefore our Antisthenes recalls “PRINCIPLE OF WISDOM The NAMES EPISKEPSIS”.
The Greek alphabet became the basis for the creation of the Latin alphabet. Indeed, the Latin alphabet comes from the Etruscan alphabet which in turn, and in line with the prevailing view today, based on the Greek.
The development of the alphabet The Alexandrian grammar classifying sixteen letters in the first Greek alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R the S, T and Y. Later followed the I, P and X. By adding the letters G, O, D, H and Z was born the Ionic alphabet. In ancient Greek inscriptions found three variants of the alphabet: the Aeolian or Dorian, the Attic and Ionic.
The wind and the Doric alphabet is found in inscriptions of Thera, Milos, Peloponnese, Boeotia and Great Greece, in Sicily and Southern Italy. The Attic alphabet (the Attic letters) we find the inscriptions in Attica before the era of Euclid (402 BC). The Ionic alphabet is found in inscriptions in Ionian Sea and in Asia Minor.
Other uses The letters of the Greek alphabet used in Greek numerals. The Greek alphabet is widely used as a symbol tank for use in science or as internationally agreed symbols (eg: π=3,14) or for any suitable use. Like the Latin alphabet, the Greek used for the count (especially when you are interested in our series), eg All 24 rhapsodies of Odyssey numbered with small letters of the alphabet, while the Iliad to uppercase. Particularly in Astronomy the Greek alphabet used to count the stars, ie alpha Centauri is the brightest star of the constellation Centaurus, while Omega is the 24th in brightness. After the end of Greek letters follow Latin and then followed by Arabic numerals.
Visit the: www.the phoenician deception
Xenophon Zolotas
Prof. Xenophon Zolotas is a well-known Greek economist. The speeches that follows were given to a foreign audience, at the closing session of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, on September 26, 1957 and on October 2, 1959. Prof. Zolotas held the positions of the Governor of the bank of Greece and the Governor of the Funds for Greece, at that time.
“I always wished to address this Assembly in Greek, but I realized that it would have been indeed Greek to all present in this room. I found out, however, that I could make my address in Greek which would still be English to everybody. With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I shall do it now, using with the exception of articles and prepositions only Greek words.”
First speech
“Kyrie(=Lord),
I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and catastrophe.
In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a democratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.”
Second speech
“Kyrie,
It is Zeus’ anathema on our epoch for the dynamism of our economies and the heresy of our economic methods and policies that we should agonise between the Scylla of numismatic plethora and the Charybdis of economic anaemia.
It is not my idiosyncrasy to be ironic or sarcastic but my diagnosis would be that politicians are rather cryptoplethorists. Although they emphatically stigmatize numismatic plethora, energize it through their tactics and practices.
Our policies have to be based more on economic and less on political criteria.
Our gnomon has to be a metron between political, strategic and philanthropic scopes. Political magic has always been antieconomic.
In an epoch characterised by monopolies, oligopolies, menopsonies, monopolistic antagonism and polymorphous inelasticities, our policies have to be more orthological. But this should not be metamorphosed into plethorophobia which is endemic among academic economists.
Numismatic symmetry should not antagonize economic acme.
A greater harmonization between the practices of the economic and numismatic archons is basic.
Parallel to this, we have to synchronize and harmonize more and more our economic and numismatic policies panethnically.
These scopes are more practical now, when the prognostics of the political and economic barometer are halcyonic.
The history of our didymous organisations in this sphere has been didactic and their gnostic practices will always be a tonic to the polyonymous and idiomorphous ethnical economics. The genesis of the programmed organisations will dynamize these policies. I sympathise, therefore, with the aposties and the hierarchy of our organisations in their zeal to programme orthodox economic and numismatic policies, although I have some logomachy with them.
I apologize for having tyrannized you with my hellenic phraseology.
In my epilogue, I emphasize my eulogy to the philoxenous autochthons of this cosmopolitan metropolis and my encomium to you, Kyrie, and the stenographers.”
Mr Xenophon Zolotas
ETYMOLOGY OF SOME ANCIENT GREEK NAMES.
The word “Macedonia” is of Greek origin. The etymology is: The resident of the ancient area “Makednon” in ancient Greek called “Makednos” (eg, see. Herodotus’ Histories, Book 1, §56: «Makednon kaleomenon”). The root “Mak-” comes from “makos”, the Doric type Atticus “length” (which is the modern Greek word). In short, the “Makednos” meant “tall man”. In the new Greek the word “long”. The same root is the source of the English prefix “macro-“, which identifies several words to mean long (macro; biotic, macro instruction;) or large (macro; cosm, macro; molecule).
The name Alexander (“the Great”) is also of Greek origin. The “Alexander”, consists of two parts in Greek: the “alex-” is a prefix meaning “protector” so we have modern Greek words “bulletproof (protects from bullets),” lightning rod “(protects from lightning), and” parachute “(protect from falling) . and “Andreas” is the general word “man.” Homer Odyssey begins as follows: “Man ennepe muse Polytropon me …” etc. In English the root “andro-” passed in words like “androgynous”, “android”, “Andrew”, and a few more.
Briefly, the “Alexander” means “protector of men”
But any other known ancient Macedonian name is also Greek origin! For example, take the name of Philip, Alexander’s father, started the expansion of the ancient Macedonian nation. And this is Greek. In Greek consists of two parts: The prefix “pro” meaning “one who likes” or “having a friendly relationship with.” This root passed into English words such as “philosophy”, “philanthropy”, and even in “Philadelphia” and “Philippines”.
And the suffix “-ippos” ie. “Horse”. This root passed into Latin as “hippo-” (the initial h is the performance of the pronunciation of the Greek CSCE), and from there into English words such as “hippopotamus” (hippopotamus; literally “river horse”) and “hippocampus” (hippocampus).
Briefly, “Philip” means “friend of horses” PHILIP From the Greek name Philip (Philippos) which means “friend of horses”, composed of the elements friend (philos) “friend” and horse (hippos) “horse”(Ex. Hipppodrome, Hippocrate etc.). This was the name of five kings of Macedon, including Philip II the father of Alexander the Great. The name appears in the New Testament belonging to two people who are regarded as saints. First, one of the twelve apostles, and second, an early figure in the Christian church known as Philip the Deacon.
ALEXANDER Latinized form of the Greek name Alexander (Alexandros), which meant “defending men” from Greek Alexis (alexo+andros=of the man:genetivus of aner) “to defend, help” and man (aner-(ἀνήρ`= man)) “andros” (-“ander” in Latin much later). In Greek mythology this was another name of the hero Paris, and it also belongs to several characters in the New Testament. However, the most famous bearer was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. In the 4th century BC he built a huge empire out of Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India. There he spred with the MOST civilized manners the Greek Civilization & Culture.
He was Highily educated in Philosophy, Astronomy, Music & Martial strategic tactics(the latest from his father). Due to his fame, and later medieval tales involving him, use of his name spread throughout Europe. AMYNTAS Derived from Greek amyntor (amyntor) meaning “defender”. This was the name of several kings of Macedon.
Agathosthenis <good courage + = good (on actions and intellect) + power = the person holding power to think and to do good. Agoraklis <purchase + market + = glory = glory he has fame in the market Agorakritos <= purchase about judgment: he judged from the market Athanasios <a (withdrawal) + at death – death = immortal (gilts. Immortality, Euthanasia etc;) Athena Atheonoa = <a (superlative) + + God = mind that from the supreme mind (the goddess Athena, xepidise from the head of Zeus). The original name was Athena and is Pelasgic origin Catherine <del + = always clean cleared Alexander <Alexia + man (b. The man) = defender, protector men (gilts. Alexandra)
Its complicated by p. Alexis’ spurn – protect “; + a man, so Alexandros originally meant” one who protects the people. ” Somehow many associate some verb Alexis to remove, giving Alexandros the importance of “he who repels men ‘. The importance of this verb is “protect” and we find eg in ancient anthroponymia Aleximvrotos (from vrotos) and Alexinor (ἀνήρ`=the man) which mean “the protector of mortals.” Note that as they have shown great linguists, the name Alexandros is ancient, as already answered in Mycenaean Greek.
Amaryllis = The Shining(from: Amarysso-αμαρυσσω=shine, radiate Amphiaraos <amfo + ara + st (suffix) = one who mitigates the curse – misfortuneAmphibios(Amphi+Bios=life) Anargyros <a (withdrawal) + silver (money) = a nonprofit (gilts. ANARGYRON) Anastasios <at + stasis = the reborn, the eternal (gilts. Anastasia) Andreas <man (b. Man) = the brave, real man, brave warrior Andromache <man (b. The man) + fight = the fighting men (ie. The great and fearless warrior) (gilts. Andromache) Andronikos <man (b. The man) win + = one who conquers men (gilts. Andro+niki) Antigonus <+ instead gignomai (born) = the worthy with generator father (gilts. Antigone) Apollo <a (superlative) + + pole las (light bulbs – they lampsis) = one who shines everywhere. According to others: a (withdrawal) many + = one who does not belong to the many Virtue <a (withdrawal) + = risis unparalleled, perfect, unique Aristarchus <archo excellent + = one who initiates (heads) of optimum Aristides <+ excellent OPD (vague: I saw) = the best on the face, the very good looking Aristomachos <excellent + = the battle honors fighting (gilts. Aristomachos) Aristonicus <+ excellent victory = one who manages the perfect victory (gilts. Aristonicus) Aristotle <+ excellent end (purpose) = the perfectionist, one who intends to excellent Aristophanes <+ excellent Fimios (say, trumpets, spread word) = one who speaks excellent Artemis <air + = intersect that cuts – crosses the air Archimedes <start + midomai (meditate) = the ruler of thought Aspasia <= female kissing the arch. adjective aspasios = happy, happy (male. Aspasios) Venus <foam + dito (= emerge) = emerging from the foam (sea) Basil <vasielefs = one who belongs to the king (gilts. Basel) Speedwell (Veronica) <from the ancient Macedonian name Fereniki> fetch = + victory that brings victory George <Ca + work = the cultivator of the land, he produced work in the land, the farmer (gilts. Georgia) Glafkonomi <Owl (or glaucous) + Act = brilliant – wise law Gregory <= quickly awake, sleepless revved Damocles <township glory + = the doxazomenos by the municipality (people), the popular Damofili <township friend + = girlfriend municipality (people), that he loves his people Despina <= overtop dominant, lady Demaratus <township + weigh (= heave) = one who elevates (morally) the municipality (population) Dimaretis <+ municipality virtue (> a + risis) = one who (with his deeds) benefit the municipality (people) (gilts. Dimareti) Dimitra <da (Doric formula of “land” is a variant of “ca”) + mother = mother earth Dimitrios = the dedicated to the goddess Demeter Democritus <township judgment: + = one who is from the municipality (population) Dimoniki <township + win = win municipality (population) Demosthenes <township vigor + = one who gives strength to the municipality (population) Dimostratos <+ troop municipality = one who is called the municipality (population) Popular (see. Damofili) Diagoras <Zeus (b. Zeus) + plead one running a speech by the power of Zeus Dikaiarchou <archo righteous + = one who is righteous ruler Dikaioklis <righteous glory + = one who glorifies the law Dikaiopolis <righteous + polis = the righteous citizen Diogenes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the maiden originating from Jupiter Diocles <Zeus (b. Zeus) + = the glory glorifies Jupiter Diomedes <Zeus (b. Zeus) + midomai (think =) = the thinking to the will of Zeus Dionysus <Zeus (born of Zeus) + = the mind come from the mind of Zeus Peace = eiro (hook) Helen <elon (B vague weigh = destroy) + nafs (ISO. The NDI = ship) = one for which ships destroyed Eleftherios <El (name of the Olympians) + ef + summer = one who with his coming will mean better and offered to the gods, in another interpretation:> Elefsis (> el + fair + quake – move) + courage = he who with courage and strength of the gods move everything in a good way Hermes <EPDM (= ratio) = one who takes the floor Hermogenes <Hermes (b. Hermes) + = the maiden originating from Mercury genus Home <through + God = one rushes in (home) Evangelia <ef + ad = good news, good news Evangelos <ef = + angel messenger who brings good news Eyboulos <+ ef parliament (House) = having the benevolent desire Eunomia <ef Law + = one who defines good laws (gilts. Eunomia) Eupolis <+ fair city = good citizen Evridiki <= range + righteous one possessed of great justice (male. Eurydice) Eurycleia <width + = glory that has great glory (male. Evryklis) Eurynome <= range + Law that knows many laws (male. Eurynome) Happiness <+ fair chance that has good luck (male. Eftychios) Zafirios <sapphire (sapphire) = precious (gilts. Zafiria) Zeus <Zeo (= life-giving) + ef = the provider good life Zenobia <Jean (Dorian type of Zeus = Jupiter) + life = that lives thanks to Jupiter Hegesistratos <lead + = army that led the army (male. Igistratos) Ira <day (idiom of the word “earth – earth”). In others, an anagram of the word “air” Herophilus <Ira + = girlfriend that loves Hera Heron <Ira + s = he who belongs to Hera Hephaestus <the (increase thanks euphony) + F (Achaean type “to” = light) + istimi (= possess good) = one who is well aware of the fire Theodore <god + gift = one who is a gift from God Thersites <Tarshish = one who is impudent Thrasivoulos <Tarshish + desire = the one who has tharreti (up supercilious) desire Jason <= Iasis therapist Hipparchus <= horse + archo he led the horses Hippodameia <horse + SAMe-oh = one tames horses Hippocrates <horse + territory-oh = those who control horses Hippolyte <= horse + unfasten that releases the horses (male. Hippolytus) Isocrates <= equal + I hold he kept equidistant – equality Calliope <beauty + hole (= hole mouth in a sense) = the sweet-voiced Kleovoulos <glory + House = he who wants glory Kleogenis <glory + = genus-derived glorified genus Kosmas <comely = he who is kind and kalotropos Laodice <people + trial = trial people Laomideia <+ people = midomai the thought of people Leonidas <lion + = he himself like the lion Lysistrata <unfasten (future. Solve) + = army that dissolves the army Maria <glitter (= lighten) = one sparkles [-> Mary (S48 Iliad, Odyssey l326) -> Maria (exevraismos the Greek name)] (male. Marios) Mede <= midomai the thinking (gilts. Midia) Nikareti <= victory + virtue that beats with virtue (male. Nikaretos) Nikiforos <victory fetch = + he made wins Nikolaos <win + people = one who gives victory to the people (female does not exist in ancient Greek. The new Greek is Nicoletta, epanellinismos the Frankish Nikolette) Xenokratis <stranger hold + = one who keeps (away) foreign Xenophanes <stranger fainymi + = one who resembles foreign Odefssefs <betake + = essomai those found in the street, the Wandering Homer <OMMA + APD = he who loses his eye, the blind Orestes <term stand + = one who is on the mountain, the man of the mountain, the Hillbilly Periandros <+ on man (b. The man) = one who is above the other men Pericles <+ on = the glory yperdoxos, the amply Peter <= the stone stable, the steadfast Penelope <pini (thread) + lepo (unfold) = the weaver Plato <width + s (= existing) = one who is broad (The philosopher Plato took this name because she had broad chest and forehead. Originally his name was Aristocles. Pleistonikis <pleistos (superlative of “long”) + win = one who has many victories, the POLYNIKI Poliarchos <city archo + = one who initiates the town Poseidon <potos (= river) + yielding one running gives rivers Prodikos <pre trial + = the chief justice Protagoras <first market + = one who is first in the market (ie. In common) Pythagoras <Pytho (= update -> Pytheas) market + = one who informs the market Sophia <= wisdom, erudition, profound knowledge Sophocles <wise glory + = glorious for its wisdom Spyridon <spyris (b. Spyridon = psarokofino) = one who makes baskets for fish Stratoklis <military glory + = the glorious soldier Stylianos <column = constant as the column, that one can rely on it (gilts. Styliani) Socrates <wise + keep one running observes wisely Sotirios <= savior savior Telemachus <tele battle + = one who gives battles from afar Phaedra <= blithe cheerful Filareti <friend + = virtue that loves virtue (male. Filaret) Philip <horse friend + = one who loves horses Philodemus <township friend + = one who loves the municipality (population) Philostratus <army friend + = one who loves the army Chariklia <thanks + = the famous glory for the sake of ANTIGONUS From the Greek Antigonus (Antigonos) which meant “against the ancestor”, from anti (anti) “against” and parent (goneus) “ancestor”. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals. After Alexander died, he took control of most of Asia Minor. ARCHELAUS Latinized form of the Greek name Archelaos (Archelaos), which meant “master of the people” from Aarhus (archos) “master” and Laos (laos) “people”. This was the name of a son of Herod the Great. He ruled over Judea, Samaria and Idumea. ARISTOTLE From the Greek name Aristotle (Aristoteles) which meant “the best purpose”, derived from excellent (aristos) “best” and the end (telos) “purpose, aim”. This was the name of a Greek philosopher of the 4th century BC who made lasting contributions to Western thought, including the fields of logic, metaphysics, ethics and biology. KLEITOS Means “splendid, famous” in Greek. This was the name of one of Alexander the Great’s generals.
CLEOPATRA FROM THE GREEK NAME CLEOPATRA (KLEOPATRA) WHICH MEANT “GLORY OF THE FATHER”, DERIVED FROM GLORY (KLEOS) “GLORY” COMBINED WITH FATHER (PATROS) “OF THE FATHER”. THIS WAS THE NAME OF QUEENS OF EGYPT FROM THE PTOLEMAIC ROYAL FAMILY, INCLUDING CLEOPATRA VII, THE MISTRESS OF BOTH JULIUS CAESAR AND MARK ANTONY. AFTER BEING DEFEATED BY AUGUSTUS SHE COMMITTED SUICIDE BY ALLOWING HERSELF TO BE BITTEN BY AN ASP. SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY ‘ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA’ (1606) IS BASED ON HER.
THE MACEDONIAN NAME PERDIKKAS OBVIUSLY MEANS “FAMOUSLY JUST” [CA (T) – + RIGHTEOUS], BUT TO ACCEPT IT WE MUST “PROVE” SOMEHOW THE DOUBLING OF THE LETTER “K” IN THE THEME “TRIAL”, MEANING “JUSTICE”.
HELLENIC QUEST CALLED AN E-LEARNING PROGRAM THAT GREEK AS CNN BEGAN DISTRIBUTING WORLDWIDE AND INTENDED INITIALLY FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS AND SPANISH SPEAKERS. THE TEACHING METHOD IS TO VIEW INFORMATION ON THE SCREEN OF THE / Y WHILE SOUND AND MOVING IMAGE TRANSMISSION.
CNN, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY PREPARED A GREEK EASY TUTORIAL AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING US HISPANICS. THE RATIONALE BEHIND THIS INITIATIVE WAS THAT THE GREEK INTENSIFIES RATIONAL SPIRIT, SCRAPES ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENCOURAGES CITIZENS TO CREATIVITY. THE PROGRAM IS PRODUCED BY THE LARGE CORPORATION THE H / Y APPLE, O CHAIRMAN OF WHICH JOHN SCULLY SAID: WE DECIDED TO PUSH THE GREEK TUTORIAL, BECAUSE OUR SOCIETY NEEDS A TOOL THAT WILL ALLOW TODISCOVER SO FAR. IN OTHER WORDS, THIS IS A MANIFESTATION OF THE TENDENCY TO RETURN TO THE SPIRIT WORLD CULTURE AND LANGUAGE OF THE ANCENT GREEKS. ANOTHER RELATED EVENT: THE ENGLISH BUSINESSMEN MOTIVATE SENIOR EXECUTIVES TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN A SPECIAL MEANING FOR THE AREAS OF ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT COMPANIES. IN THIS CONCLUSION ALREADY LED AFTER BRITISH SPECIAL FINDINGS THAT THE GREEK LANGUAGE REINFORCES THE LOGIC AND STIMULATES LEADERSHIP ABILITIES. SO IT HAS GREAT VALUE, NOT ONLY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY, BUT ALSO IN ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ..
THESE PROPERTIES OF GREEK LED THE CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY IRMAIN TAKE THE HOARDING OF WEALTH … HEAD OF PROGRAM PLACED THE LINGUIST –ELLINISTRIA- MAC NTONALI AND TEACHERS E BRUNNER AND PAKARI. IN THE H/ Y IMYKO WERE EVALUATED 6 MILLION VERBAL FORMULAS OF THE ANCIENT GREEK O LANGUAGE WHEN ENGLISH HAS A TOTAL OF 490,000 WORDS AND 300 … 000 TECHNICAL TERMS, IE AS A LANGUAGE IS ONLY 1/100 OF OUR OWN. IN IMYKO CATEGORIZED 8,000 4,000 ANCIENT GREEK WRITINGS AND THE WORK CONTINUES. TALKING ABOUT IT PROFESSOR BRUNNER SAID: ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR THE HOARDING OF WORDS OF GREEK RESPOND: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS. AND OUR CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE THE HELLENIQUE=GREEK) CULTURE. THE PROMOTERS OF THE PROGRAM ESTIMATE THAT THE GREEK VERBAL TYPES WILL REACH THE 90 MILLION, COMPARED WITH NINE MILLION LATIN. INTEREST IN THE GREEK RESULTED FROM THE RECORDING OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENTISTS THAT THE H / PC ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPT AS SIGN LANGUAGE ONLY THE GREEK.
ALL OTHER LANGUAGES FEATURED SEMANTIC. SIGN LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH THE SIGNIFIER, THAT IS THE WORD, AND THE SIGNIFIED, THAT IS, THE WORD EXPRESSES (THING, IDEA, STATE), HAVE AMONG THEIR PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP. WHILE SEMANTIC IS THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH ARBITRARILY DEFINED THAT AMERICAN THING (SIGNIFIED) MEANT BY AM (SIGNIFIER). IN OTHER WORDS, THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE ONLY LANGUAGE WHOSE WORDS HAVE PRIMOGENITURE, WHILE IN ALL OTHER, WORDS ARE SYMMATIKES MEAN, THAT IS SOMETHING, JUST BECAUSE IT ‘AGREED’ AMONG THOSE WHO USE IT. ALL OF THE WORDS IN GREEK MEANS EG THE WORD ENTHUSIASM = EN+THEO – ΕΝ-ΘΕΏ (=IN-GOD) GEOMETRY = EARTH + COUNT – ΓAIA +ΜΕΤΡΏ – GAI+METRO
ANTHROPOS(=MAN = THE INARTICULATE (THE ARTICULATED REASON)(ΆΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ = Ο ΆΝΑΡΘΡΩΝ (Ο ΑΡΘΡΏΝΩΝ ΛΌΓΟ).. WE SAY CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORD-THING, WHICH IS NONEXISTENT IN OTHER LANGUAGES.
THE MOST PERFECT IMYKOS PROGRAMS KNOWLEDGE AND NEWTON REPRESENT THE VERBAL FORMULAS OF INTEGRALS IN GREEK AND IN PERFECT REPRESENTATIONAL SHAPES, WHICH CAN NOT DO IN OTHER LANGUAGES. THIS IS BECAUSE THE GREEK HAS A MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS THE HARMONIOUS GEOMETRICAL DISPLAY. <> PARTICULARLY USEFUL ARE THE GREEK SUFFIXES AS: TELE, LANDI = … LAND, GEO … NANO, MICRO, MEGA, PURPOSE … .ISMOS, ELECTRO …., CYCLO …., TUNER …., MACRO …., SMALL …., TRAY …., WRITES … LETTER … PLUS … … SYM, ETC .. EXAMPLE: THE KNOWN TO ALL CD = COMPACT DISK = DISK SYMPAKTOMENOS COMPUTERS CONSIDER THE GREEK LANGUAGE “NOT MARGINAL ‘, IE THAT ONLY IN THAT THERE ARE NO LIMITS AND SO IT IS NECESSARY TO NEW DISCIPLINES SUCH AS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRONICS, THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS. THESE SCIENCES ONLY IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE FIND MENTAL EXPRESSIONS THEY NEED, WITHOUT WHICH SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT IS UNABLE TO PROCEED. FOR THESE REASONS THE SPANISH MEPS SOUGHT TO INTRODUCE GREEK AS THE OFFICIAL EUROPEAN UNION BECAUSE TO SPEAK OF A UNITED EUROPE WITHOUT THE GREEK IS LIKE TALKING TO A BLIND MAN ABOUT COLORS.
OF COURSE, IT CAN`T THAT ALL SUDDENLY IT BECOMES ‘OUT OF NOWHERE’ TO DISPLAY A HOMER AND WRITTEN TWO LITERARY MASTERPIECES, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT LONG AGO SHOULD HAVE BEEN A LANGUAGE (AND WRITING) HIGH LEVEL. INDEED, FROM THE ANCIENT GREEK SECRETARIAT KNOW THAT HOMER WAS NOT THE FIRST BUT THE LAST AND MOST FAMOUS OF A LONG LINE OF EPIC POETS, WHOSE NAMES HAVE SURVIVED (KREOFYLOS, PRODIKOS, ARKTINOS, ANTIMACHUS, KINAITHON, CALLIMACHUS) AND THE NAMES OF THEIR WORKS (FORONIS, FOKAIS, DANAIS, NEGRESS, PROGENY, OEDIPAL, THEBES …) HAVE NOT YET BEEN RESCUED THEMSELVES THEIR PROJECTS. POSSIBLE CREATION OF NEW WORDS THE POWER OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS ITS ABILITY TO BE MOLDED NOT ONLY PREFIX OR CONCLUSIVE BUT VARYING IN SOME CASES UP TO THE ROOT OF THE WORD (EG, “RUN” AND “WHEEL” EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE FROM THE SAME FAMILY DIFFER SLIGHTLY THE ROOT). THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS QUALIFIED TO CREATE COMPOUND WORDS WITH INCREDIBLE POTENTIAL USES, MULTIPLYING THE VOCABULARY. THE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY WEBSTER’S (WEBSTER’S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY) SAYS: “THE LATIN AND GREEK, ESPECIALLY THE GREEK, AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF MATERIAL FOR CREATING SCIENTIFIC TERMS,” WHILE THE FRENCH LEXICOGRAPHERS JEAN BOUFFARTIGUE AND ANNE-MARIE DELRIEU EMPHASIZED: “SCIENCE FINDS CONSTANTLY NEW OBJECTS OR CONCEPTS. HE NAMED THEM. THE TREASURE OF THE GREEK ROOTS IN FRONT OF HER AS LONG AS YOU DRAW FROM THERE. IT WOULD BE VERY SURPRISING NOT TO FIND THOSE IN NEED. “ THE FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER, STUNNED IN FRONT OF THE GRANDEUR OF GREEK, HAD DECLARED RELATIVELY: “THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS THE CHARACTERISTIC TO OFFER ON THE WONDERFUL EXPRESSION OF ALL HIERARCHIES WITH A SIMPLE ROTATION OF THE FIRST COMPONENT. ONE HAS ONLY TO PUT A PAN – FIRST – INITIAL OVER- OR ANY OTHER INTENTION IN FRONT OF A SUBJECT. AND IF YOU COMBINE TOGETHER THESE PREFIXES, IT TAKES AN ENDLESS VARIETY OF GRADATIONS. THE PREFIXES ENCLOSED IN THE HAND, NOT AS A SEMANTIC SCALE, WHICH RISES TOWARDS THE SKY OF WORDS. “ IN HOMER’S ILIAD THETIS MOURNING THAT WILL GET THE SON OF KILLING HECTOR “DIONE AND DYSARISTOTOKEIAN IT CALLS”. THE WORD ITSELF IS A DIRGE, DYS + EXCELLENT + WHELP (= CALVE) AND MEANS SUCH ANALYZES ETYMOLOGICUM MEGA “, WHICH GAVE BIRTH TO EVIL EXCELLENT.” A FEW YEARS AGO WAS RELEASED IN SWITZERLAND IN DICTIONARY NONEXISTENT WORDS (DICTIONNAIRE DES MOTS INEXISTANTS) PROPOSING TO REPLACE FRENCH WITH CIRCUMLOCUTIONS MONOLECTIC TERMS FROM THE GREEK. EG ANDROPREIE(=MANACTING), BIOPALESTE, DYSPAREGORETE, ECOGENIARCHE, ELPIDOPHORE(=HOPE+CARRY), GLOSSOCTONIE, PHILOMATHEEM(=LEARNLOVING) TACHYMATHIE(=QUICK LEARNING), THEOPEMPTE ETC. ABOUT 2,000 ENTRIES WITH SCOPE FOR FURTHER ENRICHMENT. NOT FOR CHAUVINISTIC REASONS, BUT TO LEARN SLOWLY ARE UNAWARE OF THE TRUTH!
That is not the Alphabet is copied from elsewhere seen in that in the year 2300 BC by Homer already at the disposal of 6,500,000 primary words (first person singular present tense &) which if you multiply CH72 which calls will draw a huge number which is not the final, because do not forget that the Greek language is not sterile, born.The Greek language is the only one that can be used for H / Y due mathematical and musicality not only the alphabet-word, but the mathematical concepts generated eg The word becomes THESIS(=position): Synthesis, assault, filing, hypothesis, Exposition, Addition, prothesis, anaThesis, available Antithesis etc etc if now these words the English translation is completely unrelated.
IF WE COMPARE NOW EG THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS 80,000 WORDS, OF WHICH 80% ARE GREEK AS WE INFORM THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES, AND MEASURE THAT THIS STERILE LANGUAGE EVOLVES 1000 YEARS, WE EFFORTLESSLY DRAW THE CONCLUSION THAT HOMER RECEIVES A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS A DEPTH THE YEAR 100,000 BC; 500,000 BC; WHO KNOWS …
But the ultimate proof is the same of the mathematic structure, which does not exist in any other language of the world. Do not even forget that the Creator uses math to create, so our language is necessarily related to the source (root-0/1).
BUT BEFORE THE “CRYPT” IS THE “SIGNIFIER”, IE THE CONNECTION OF WORDS WITH MEANINGS. HE SAID EARLIER THAT FOREIGN DIALECTS DEFINED BY AGREEMENT, IE SOME AGREED THAT SUCH AND SUCH A SUBJECT WOULD CALL IT “X”, WHICH MAKES THE LANGUAGES STERILE, SO THEY CAN GIVE BIRTH TO NEW WORDS, SO THERE MATHIMATIKOTITA THEREFORE CAN NOT DESCRIBE NEW CONCEPTS THAT EXIST IN NATURE, RESULTING IN THE BRAIN WHERE IT CAN NOT DESCRIBE THROUGH NEW WORDS NEW MEANINGS REMAIN IN THE DARK, SO THE NEURONS OF THE BRAIN DOES NOT GENERATE NEW AS OPPOSED TO THOSE WHO USE THE GREEK.
HOW COULD EG THE ENGLISH OR THE FRENCH OR THE X, Y WITH A WORD THAT HAS 10 CONCEPTS TO DESCRIBE ACCURATELY AND THEREFORE CLEARLY A DEEPER MEANING? LET ALONE THE MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF THIS? IT CAN NOT BE SO WHY ALL STARTED HERE. IT MEANS THEREFORE IS CONNECTING THE SIGNAL TO THE SIGNIFIED, THAT THE WORD ITSELF IS GENERATED IN SUCH A MANNER THAT DESCRIBES THE MEANING ESOKLEINEI INSTRUMENTS.
EXAMPLE: THE NAMING OF THE WORD CURRY (WALNUT), AS WE READ IN THESECRETREALTRUTH, FROM AN OBSERVATION OF NATURE (AS ALL WORDS), IE WHEN TWO HORNED ANIMALS (RAMS, GOATS ETC.) TRA.KAR.OUN WITH KER.ATA THEIR SOUNDS “CRACK” OR “FEM”, THE SOUND HE GAVE THE NAME “HORN” (HORN) THE HORN GAVE THE NAME OF THE STATE OR SKULL (HEAD) AND THE NICKNAMES OF THIS CURRY (SMALL HEAD). CURRY (NUT) LOOKS AMAZING TO THE HUMAN HEAD AND THE INTERIOR OF THE BRAIN. Y IS THE ROOT OF THE VERB YO (RAIN) WHERE Y IS CONCAVITY (OR CONVEXITY) THAT MATES SOMETHING, RAIN (WATER ELEMENT) ENTERS (NEST) INTO THE EARTH.
THE MUSICAL – NUMERIC ALPHABET CREATES MUSICAL – MATHEMATICAL WORDS THAT DESCRIBE RESPECTIVE CONCEPTS WHICH COME FROM THE OBSERVATION OF NATURE IE OF CREATION SO BY EXTENSION OF THE SAME CREATOR, BUT THE QUESTION IS HOW MANY MILLENNIA MAY BE NEEDED TO CREATE THIS PERFECT MATHEMATICAL COMPLEX LETTERS ARE NUMBERS, YET MUSICAL TONES AND WORDS THAT ALL THE NUMBERS AND MUSIC TONES INTO THEIR HIDE EXCEPT FOR COMPLEX MUSICAL HARMONIES, CONCEPTS WHICH ARE NOT RANDOM AT ALL BUT AFTER EXTENSIVE OBSERVATION OF NATURE?
ARGUABLY, THEREFORE OUR ANTISTHENES RECALLS “WISDOM AUTHORITY NAMES VISITATION”DE GROOT (NETHERLANDS HOMERIC TEXTS PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE HAS CONTINUITY AND TEACHES TO BE OWNERLESS AND GOT A GLORY, THAT AN OPINION. IN THIS LANGUAGE THERE IS NO ORTHODOXY. SO EVEN IF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WANTS PEOPLE LAW-ABIDING – A MOLD – THE SPIRIT OF ANCIENT TEXTS AND LANGUAGE IN LEARNING TO BE A BOSS. “ JAMES JOYCE (FAMOUS IRISH AUTHOR, 1882-1941)
“ALMOST AFRAID TO TOUCH THE ODYSSEY, THE OPPRESSIVE BEAUTY IS UNBEARABLE.” THE GREAT FRENCH WRITER JACQUES LAKARRIER SAID:
“IN GREEK THERE IS A VERTIGO OF WORDS, BECAUSE ONLY SHE EXPLORED, RECORDED AND ANALYZED THE INNERMOST PROCESSES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE, MORE THAN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE.” THE GREAT FRENCH ENLIGHTENER VOLTAIRE HAD SAID
“MAY THE GREEK LANGUAGE TO BECOME COMMON ALL PEOPLES.” THE FRENCH PROFESSOR AT THE SORBONNE SAID CHARLES FORIEL
“THE GREEK HAS HOMOGENEITY AS THE GERMAN, BUT RICHER THAN THAT. HE HAS THE CLARITY OF THE FRENCH, BUT IT HAS GREATER PRECISION. IT IS MORE FLEXIBLE THAN THE ITALIAN AND MUCH MORE HARMONIOUS THAN THE SPANISH. IS THAT WHAT IT TAKES TO BE CONSIDERED THE MOST BEAUTIFUL LANGUAGE OF EUROPE. “ MARIANNA MCDONALD, PROFESSOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AND HEAD OF TLG SAID
“KNOWLEDGE OF GREEK IS ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION OF HIGH CULTURAL CULTIVATION.” THE BLIND AMERICAN WRITER HELEN KELLER HAD TOLD
“IF THE VIOLIN IS THE MOST PERFECT MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE VIOLIN OF HUMAN THOUGHT.“ JOHN GOETHE (THE GREATEST POET OF GERMANY, 1749-1832)
“I LISTENED TO ST. PETER’S IN ROME THE GOSPEL IN ALL LANGUAGES. THE GREEK RESONATED STAR GLOWING IN THE NIGHT. “ DIALOGUE OF GOETHE WITH HIS DISCIPLES:
-DASKALE WHAT TO READ TO BECOME WISE AS YOU?
-THE GREEK CLASSICS.
-AND WHEN WE FINISH THE GREEK CLASSICS WHAT TO READ?
-OLD GREEK CLASSICS. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (GREAT IRISH PLAYWRIGHT, 1856-1950)
“IF THE LIBRARY OF YOUR HOME YOU DO NOT HAVE THE WORKS OF ANCIENT GREEK AUTHORS, THEN YOU LIVE IN A HOUSE WITHOUT LIGHT.” MARK TILLIOS CICERO (THE FOREMOST MAN OF ANCIENT ROME, 106-43 BC)
“IF THE GODS SPEAK, THEN CERTAINLY USE THE LANGUAGE OF THE GREEKS.” HUMPHREY KITTY (ENGLISH PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, 1968)
“IT’S THE NATURE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS CLEAN, PRECISE AND COMPLEX. THE AMBIGUITY AND LACK OF DIRECT ENORASEOS FEATURING SOMETIMES ENGLISH AND GERMAN, IS COMPLETELY FOREIGN TO THE GREEK LANGUAGE. “ IRINA KOVALEVA (MODERN RUSSIAN PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY LOMONOSOV, 1995)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS BEAUTIFUL LIKE HEAVEN TO THE STARS.” RH ROBINS (CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LINGUIST, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON)
“OF COURSE NOT ONLY IN LINGUISTICS WHERE GREEKS WERE PIONEERS IN EUROPE. OVERALL EUROPE’S SPIRITUAL LIFE GOES BACK TO THE WORK OF GREEK THINKERS.
EVEN TODAY WE RETURN UNCEASINGLY IN GREEK HERITAGE TO FIND STIMULATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT. “ FREDERICK SAGKREDO (BASQUE LINGUISTICS PROFESSOR – CHAIRMAN OF THE GREEK ACADEMY OF VASKONIAS)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE BEST LEGACY THAT HAS BEEN AVAILABLE TO THE MAN ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN. AGAINST ALL GREEK AND INSIST ALL LANGUAGES ARE INADEQUATE. “
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE SHOULD BECOME THE SECOND LANGUAGE OF ALL EUROPEANS, ESPECIALLY THE CULTURED PEOPLE.”
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS OF DIVINE ESSENCE.” HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN (RENOWNED AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGIST, 1822-1890)
“EVERYTHING I WANTED PASSIONATELY TO LEARN GREEK. I DID NOT DO IT BECAUSE I WAS AFRAID THAT THE DEEP CHARM OF THIS MAGNIFICENT LANGUAGE WOULD ABSORB SO MUCH THAT WOULD HAVE REMOVED MY OTHER ACTIVITIES. “(THE SCHLIEMANN SPOKE 18 LANGUAGES SEAMLESSLY. FOR TWO YEARS DID NOTHING OTHER THAN THE STUDYING 2 POEMS OF HOMER). IBN KHALDOUN (LARGEST ARAB HISTORIAN)
“WHERE IS THE SECRETARIAT OF THE ASSYRIANS, THE CHALDEANS, THE EGYPTIANS? ALL MANKIND HAS INHERITED THE SECRETARIAT OF THE GREEKS ALONE. “ WILL DURANT (AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND PHILOSOPHER, PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLUMBIA)
“OUR ALPHABET CAME FROM GREECE BY KIMI AND ROME. OUR LANGUAGE IS LITTERED GREEK WORDS. OUR SCIENCE ESFYRILATISE MIAN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE BY THE GREEK TERMS. OUR GRAMMAR AND OUR RHETORIC, EVEN THE PUNCTUATION AND THE DIVISION AREAS PARAGRAPHS … IS GREEK INVENTIONS. OUR GENRES ARE GREEKS – THE LYRIC, THE ODE, THE ROMANCE, THE NOVEL, THE ESSAY, THE PROSFONISIS, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND ABOVE ALL THE VISION. AND ALMOST ALL OF THESE WORDS ARE GREEK. “ JACQUELINE DE ROMIGY (MODERN FRENCH ACADEMICIAN AND AUTHOR)
“ANCIENT GREECE OFFERS US A LANGUAGE, WHICH WILL SAY THAT IT IS UNIVERSAL.”
“EVERYONE NEEDS TO LEARN GREEK, BECAUSE THE GREEK LANGUAGE HELPS US FIRST OF ALL TO UNDERSTAND OUR OWN LANGUAGE.” BRUNO SNELL (DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS THE PAST OF THE EUROPEANS.” FRANGKISKOS LIGKORA (MODERN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR AND PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF CULTURE)
“GREEKS CAN BE PROUD TO SPEAK THE GREEK LANGUAGE ALIVE AND THE MOTHER OF ALL OTHER LANGUAGES. DO NOT NEGLECT, SINCE THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW GOODS WE HAVE LEFT AND ALSO YOUR PASSPORT TO THE WORLD CIVILIZATION. “ THE. VANTROUSKA (PROFESSOR OF LINGUISTICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA)
“FOR A JAPANESE OR TURKISH, ALL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ARE NOT SEEN AS SEPARATE BUT AS DIALECTS OF ONE AND THE SAME LANGUAGE, GREEK.” PETER JONES (PHD – PROFESSOR AT OXFORD UNIVERSITY WHO DRAFTED LESSONS OF ANCIENT GREEK WITH READERSHIP, FOR PUBLICATION IN THE NEWSPAPER «DAILYTELEGRAPH»)
THE GREEKS OF ATHENS IN THE 5TH AND 4TH CENTURY HAD REACHED THE LANGUAGE TO THE POINT THAT WITH HER TO EXPLORE IDEAS SUCH AS DEMOCRACY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE, CONCEPTS SUCH AS SULFUR AND LAW. IT IS A WONDERFUL AND GREAT LANGUAGE. “ GILBERT MURRAY (PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD)
“THE GREEK IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE. OFTEN ONE FINDS THAT A THOUGHT CAN BE EXPRESSED WITH EASE AND GRACE IN GREEK, AND BECOMES DIFFICULT AND SEVERE IN LATIN, ENGLISH, FRENCH OR GERMAN. IT IS THE PERFECT LANGUAGE, BECAUSE IT EXPRESSES THE THOUGHTS MOST PERFECT PEOPLE. “ MAX VON LAYE (NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS)
“I GRACES IN DIVINE PROVIDENCE, BECAUSE IT PLEASED TO TEACH ANCIENT GREEK, WHO HELPED ME TO PENETRATE DEEPER INTO THE MEANING OF SCIENCE.” E, NORDEN (THE GREAT GERMAN PHILOLOGIST)
“IN ADDITION TO CHINESE AND JAPANESE, ALL OTHER LANGUAGES WERE FORMED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GREEK, FROM WHICH THEY TOOK, BESIDES MANY WORDS, RULES AND GRAMMAR.” MARTIN HEIDEGGER (GERMAN PHILOSOPHER, OF THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF EXISTENTIALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE STANDARDS THROUGH WHICH SHOWCASE THE SPIRITUAL FORCES OF CREATIVE GENIUS, BECAUSE WITH RESPECT TO THE POSSIBILITIES PROVIDED IN THOUGHT, IS THE MOST POWERFUL AND YET THE MOST WITTY OF ALL LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD.” DAVID CRYSTAL (AKA ENGLISH PROFESSOR, AUTHOR OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CAMBRIDGE FOR THE ENGLISH)
“IT’S AMAZING TO SEE HOW MUCH MORE WE RELY ON THE GREEK, TO TALK ABOUT ENTITIES AND EVENTS AT THE HEART OF MODERN LIFE.” MICHAEL VENTRIS (THE MAN WHO DECIPHERED THE LINEAR B)
“THE ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE WAS AND IS HIGHER ALL THE OLD AND NEW LANGUAGES.” R.H. ROBINS (LINGUIST AND AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK TRIUMPH IN THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE IS THAT GAVE SO MUCH TO SO MANY SECTORS […]. THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS WHICH WAS EXTREMELY STRONG, IE THE THEORY OF GRAMMAR AND GRAMMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LANGUAGE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO MERIT AND TO WITHSTAND CRITICISM. ALSO BE SUCH AS TO INSPIRE GRATITUDE AND OUR ADMIRATION. “ LUIS JOSÉ NAVARRO (DEPUTY TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM “EVROKLASSIKA” OF THE EU)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE FOR ME IS LIKE COSMOGONY. IT IS NOT JUST A LANGUAGE … “ JUAN JOSE PUHANA ARZA (BASQUE HELLENIST AND POLITICIAN)
“WE MUST PROCLAIM THAT THERE HAS BEEN IN THE WORLD A LANGUAGE WHICH CAN BE COMPARED TO THE CLASSICAL GREEK.” D’EICHTAL (FRENCH AUTHOR)
“THE GREEK LANGUAGE IS A LANGUAGE WHICH HAS ALL THE FEATURES, ALL THE CONDITIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL TONGUE … TOUCHES THESE SAME BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION … WHICH NOT ONLY THERE WAS NO STRANGER TO NONE OF THE MAJOR EVENTS OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT, RELIGION, IN POLITICS, IN LITERATURE, THE ARTS, THE SCIENCES, BUT WAS ALSO THE FIRST TOOL – TO SCAN ALL THESE – SO TO SPEAK, THE WOMB … LANGUAGE LOGIC WHILE EUPHONIC, AMONG ALL THE OTHER … “ THEODORE F. BRUNNER (TLG FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR UNTIL 1997)
“ANYONE WHO WONDER WHY SO MANY MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SPENT ON THE HOARDING OF GREEK WORDS, WE REPLY: BUT THIS IS THE LANGUAGE OF OUR ANCESTORS AND CONTACT WITH THEM WILL IMPROVE OUR CULTURE.” JACQUES LANG (FRENCH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION)
“I WOULD LIKE TO SEE TO LEARN ANCIENT GREEK, WITH THE SAME ZEAL THAT WE DEMONSTRATE, AND GREEK SCHOOLS.” IN HIS WORK “A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE” BY THE FAMOUS LINGUIST A.. MEILLET, SUPPORTED STRONGLY THE SUPERIORITY OF GREEK OVER OTHER LANGUAGES.
The name of Apollo itself—though not Paean, a possible name of a precursor god to or epithet of him—is generally considered to be absent from the Linear B (Mycenean Greek) texts although it is possible that the name is in fact attested in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo-[ (Linear B: ]-[) on the KN E 842 tablet.The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι).According to some scholars the words are derived from the Doric word apella (ἀπέλλα), which originally meant “wall,” “fence for animals” and later “assembly within the limits of the square.”[Apella (Ἀπέλλα) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[9] corresponding to the ecclesia (ἐκκλησία). R. S. P. Beekes rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun apellai and suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Apalyun.Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo’s name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), “to destroy”. Plato in Cratylus connects the name withἀπόλυσις (apolysis), “redeem”, with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), “purification”, and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), “simple”, in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), “ever-shooting”. Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means “assembly”, so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), “fold”, in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means “stone,” and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella,[14] the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη(Pellēnē/Pallene)
Language
7270-year-old Tablet Found in Kastoria Calls into Question History of Writing
Back in 1993, in a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island near the modern village of Dispilio on Lake Kastoria in the Kastoria Prefecture, professor George Hourmouziadis and his team unearthed the Dispilio Tablet (also known as the Dispilio Scripture or the Dispilio Disk), a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings (charagmata) that has been carbon 14-dated to about 7300 BP (5260 BC).
In February 2004, during the announcement of the Tablet’s discovery to the world, Hourmouziadis claimed that the text with the markings could not be easily publicized because it would ultimately change the current historical background concerning the origins of writing and articulate speech depicted with letters instead of ideograms within the borders of the ancient Greek world and by extension, the broader European one.
According to the Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the markings suggested that the current theory proposing that the ancient Greeks received their alphabet from the ancient civilizations of the Middle East (Babylonians, Sumerians and Phoenicians etc) fails to close the historic gap of some 4,000 years. This gap translates into the following facts: while ancient eastern civilizations would use ideograms to express themselves, the ancient Greeks were using syllables in a similar manner like we use today.
The currently accepted historic theory taught around the world suggests that the ancient Greeks learned to write around 800 BC from the Phoenicians. However, a question emerges among scholars: how is it possible for the Greek language to have 800,000 word entries, ranking first among all known languages in the world, while the second next has only 250,000 word entries? How is it possible for the Homeric Poems to have been produced at about 800 BC, which is just when the ancient Greeks learned to write? It would be impossible for the ancient Greeks to write these poetic works without having had a history of writing of at least 10,000 years back, according to a US linguistic research.
The tablet is 2,000 years older than the written findings from the Sumerian era and 4,000 years older than the Cretan-Mycenean linear types of writing.
The markings on the tablet did not resemble the human figures, the sun and moon or other figures ideograms usually depict. They actually showed signs of advanced apheresis, which indicates they are the result of cognitive processes.
The tablet was partially damaged when it was exposed to the oxygen-rich environment outside of the mud and water in which it was immersed for a long period of time, and it is now under conservation. The full academic publication of the tablet apparently awaits the completion of the work of conservation
– See more at: http://greece.greekreporter.com/2012/07/16/7270-year-old-tablet-found-in-kastoria-calls-into-question-history-of-writing/#sthash.o0yDtSd4.dpuf
ALEXANDER THE GREAT – ”Medallion” East of the Empire, Beroia (provincial capital of Macedonia, the Heart of Greece), 3rd century A.D., Gold, Diam. 54 mm; 96.3 g Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa
The obverse shows the diademed head of Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BC). This posthumous and idealized portrait includes symbols of Alexander’s deification, one of which is the ram’s horn, characteristic of the Egyptian god Amon. This iconography derives from the type of coin introduced by one of Alexander’s immediate successors, King Lysimachos of Thrace (297-281 BC).
The reverse shows a hunting scene, with the hunter’s spear piercing a wild boar that is being attacked by two dogs. The legend “King Alexander”, which appears to the left and above, identifies the hunter.
The “medallion” is part of a treasure including twenty similar pieces found in Aboukir, Egypt, in 1902. The designation “medallion” is purely a matter of convention based on the piece’s morphology and size, as the use given to such pieces cannot be definitively established.
likely that Homeric Epics to have been handed down in writing (Mistriotis, J. Highget, H. Blanc, Jacqueline De Romiguy).
In view of the above, it is necessary to continue the interdisciplinary research, whose conclusions of the different sciences should converge, especially towards those of Archaeogenetics and Population Genetics , due to their rapid evolutions. The Greek language, a phenomenon of continuity and radiation, continues to be an object of admiration and study by leading linguists, Hellenists and intellectuals. According to the world-renowned Hellenist and professor of linguistics FR Adrados, Greek has left its indelible stamp on all the Western European languages that are considered semi-Hellenic or crypto-Hellenic , and according to the famous Hellenist professor at the University of Oxford Gilbert Murray, Greek is the most perfect language of the world . Indeed, the Greek language, written and spoken, is an achievement of the human spirit of unsurpassed perfection .
For devotees of “Indo-European” reeds. Indian relief “Heracles the protector of the Buddha”.
The Indo-Europeans allegedly and without evidence, in 2300, the Greeks and Herakles before 7,000.
BUDDAH with DIONYSOS as patron next to him, in 7000. The Greeks lived in Asia (Greek name) since prehistoric times and had excellent relations with the Asians.
Some LOW LEVEL individuals are promoting this tree as… linguistic history(!!), how FUNNY it is when one of the two central trunks starts with the word European which ALL Greeks know that the word EUROPE is from GREEK MYTHOLOGY-COSMOLOGY and the word Hellenic should have been placed there instead, it comes later in a branch with Greek, that is, they again separate the ancient from the modern Greek… how complex now when they know that if they remove our language from their vocabularies, the whole trunk will collapse!
And the pacifier Indo India another Greek word is the basis….POOR “scientists” tells you!
The University professors who, INSTEAD OF SERVING the TRUTH keep a FISHY SILENCE in the FACE of the DESTRUCTION of HISTORY AND LANGUAGE, and EVEN MORE so those who appoint them to their positions, are considered guilty.
Just as unfortunately today everything on our planet IS SICK, so in our country there is a morbid lack of meritocracy, so that positions and positions are held by unfit people with only the virtue of acquaintances and their submission to what the globalization agenda naturally imposes.
However, be aware of this: just as the PHYSICAL TAXIS cannot be changed either by laws or by force, so it is NEVER allowed to be practiced for a long time to the detriment of the humanizing Greek Speech and our humanizing Language.
It is only a matter of time for the repentant human race, after being soiled in the spiritual mud, to take REFUSE ONCE AGAIN in the THREADS of the LIGHT-GIVING GREEK CULTURE ORDER to BE REBORN.
“…the Greek alphabet existed at the time of ATLANTIS, 9,500 BC, since PLATO speaks of inscriptions with oaths as well as names of kings carved into vows, and therefore carried history at least from 15,000 BC. But according to the “PHILHELLENIC” pile researchers, it comes from…. the Phoenician alphabet of the 14th century BC. That is, the wretches have deliberately
….They “FORGOTTEN” to multiply the history of Greece and its language x 10!!!
The RIGHT of the STRONGER:
BARBARIC lies persist about the origins of ancient Greek cities such as Persepolis, Petra and Baalbek, among others, falsely attributed to having been built by the Persians, Phoenicians, Carthagenians, Nabateans and Romans respectively. The Persians found the abandoned city of Persepolis (built by descendants of Perseus), and theNabateans who were nomadic herders found and made the abandoned Petra their home. The Romans would invade and falsely put their tag on everything they conquered.
One such work was the KYBALION which he and others translated from existing archaic works. History, origin, art and high technology have all been stolen, looted and claimed by others. Newton also stole claim to the laws of motion and physics, gaining this knowledge from ancient texts which he secretly held.
THE GREEKS SHOULD NEVER LEARN that: DEMOCRITUS , PYTHAGORAS, HERACLEITOS completely formulated the theory of NUCLEAR PHYSICS and SPECIAL RELATIVITY, unifying into formulas, as ELECTRICITY, GRAVITY, MAGNETISM, ASTRONOMY, and the Weak Currents of NUCLEAR ATOMS.
EVERY CIVILIZATION is judged by WHAT it left behind…BUT….
THE GREEKS MUST NEVER LEARN, that: the ASTRONOMERS MATHEMATICIANS: EUDOXUS, CALLIPOS
, ARISTARCHOS, ANAXIMANDROS, EUKLIDES, ARCHIMEDES, CONON, HIPPARCHUS, CLEOMEDES, APOLLONIOS, PTOLEMY, THEON, HYPATIA, PAPPUS, had EXHAUSTED the LIMITS of human INTELLIGENCE by solving MENTALY WITHOUT GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION equations of 12 unknowns (twelve equations twelve unknowns) while the limit of today’s computers is “7 equations 7 unknowns”. Because the THIEVES of ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE, AS: – KEPLER, GALILEO, COPERNICUS etc. MUST be SHOWN!! …
The GREEKS SHOULD NOT KNOW that: the ENGINEERS – TECHNICIANS: EUPALINOS, SOSTRATOS, HERON, ZOSIMOS, KALLINIKOS, manufactured TOPOGRAPHIC instruments for TRIGONOMETRIC SURVEYING, AUTOMATIC mechanisms and instruments for ELECTRICAL applications, because the SWINDLER EDISON MUST be SHOWN as the INVENTOR of … ELECTRICITY, ALTHOUGH the above GREEKENGINEERS used the ELECTRON (AMBER) as a NATURAL ACCUMULATOR of STATIC ELECTRICITY in technical applications…
The Greeks MUST NOT KNOW that: the GEOGRAPHERS – EXPLORERS SKYLAX, PYTHEAS, EUDOXUS, STRABON, PAUSANIAS, COSMAS the INDIKOPLEISTIS, HECATAEUS, had mapped the ENTIRE surface of the planet, because there is a danger that the Greeks will learn that ATLANTIS and the AMERICAN CONTINENT belonged administratively in DELPHI, while Asia belonged administratively to SARDIS, with the central coordinator being the APOLLONIAN Center of DELOS, to which the Transborean Greeks (Northern Siberia) sent as a token of recognition “every year, choice grain”, through the Greek ARIMASPAS and ISSIDONES and MASSAGESTAE of CENTRAL and SOUTHERN SIBERIA.
The GREEKS should NOT KNOW THAT THE GREEK DOCTORS, GALENOS, CELSIUS, HERACLIDES, HEROPHILUS, PRAXAGORAS, AGNODIKIS, KTIRIAS, HIPPOCRATES, ERIVIOTIS, CARRIED OUT “balancing electromagnetic fluids of the body” treatments by regulating the alkalinity and acidity of the organs. That they were making cures using “left-handed amino acids” (antibiotics) obtained from plants, fully knowing that only recently did molecular biology discover the action-reaction of left-handed amino acids (antibiotics) with right-handed amino acids (organism proteins).
The Greeks must not learn that the symbols “LEFT-CROWNED SWASTIKA” and “RIGHT-CROWNED SWASTIKA” were SYMBOLS of PHYSICS and MATHEMATICS, by which the Greeks PYTHAGORAS and DEMOCRITUS and ARISTARCHOS expressed right-handed and left-handed nuclei of atoms, planets, solar systems, galaxies and cosmic domains clusters of galaxies.
2500 years ago HIPPOCRATES performed brain and heart surgery...
Despite the almost non-existent means of his time, HIPPOCRATES performed DIFFICULT surgeries. He and his students successfully treated orthopedic, cardiac and basic surgery cases. HIPPOCRATES even performed operations on the human skull, as we read in SEVERAL of his works… In addition to the operation itself, HIPPOCRATES attached great importance to the preparation of the patient and the operating room.
In the work Kat’iatreion, he describes in detail how the patient should be prepared before the operation, how the tools are sterilized, how the space is shaped, but also how artificial and natural light is used during the operation...
American archaeobotanists were ABLE for the FIRST time to study and analyze the contents of pills made by doctors in ANCIENT Greece and which were discovered 20 years ago, in a Greek shipwreck off the coast of TUSCANY…
DNA analyzes showed that each pill was a mixture of at least ten different plant extracts, including hibiscus and celery. “For the first time, we now have physical EVIDENCE of what is contained in the writings of the ANCIENT Greek physicians DIOSCORIDIS and GALENOS,” said ALLEN TWO WAY of the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION’s NATIONAL Museum of NATURAL HISTORY in WASHINGTON , according to New Scientist..
“Apostle ORPHEUS”
THE ” INDOEUROPEAN” FAIRYTALE ..MOST FAKE DECEPTION VS FACTS
Some LOW LEVEL individuals are promoting this tree as… linguistic history(!!), how FUNNY it is when one of the two central trunks starts with the word European which ALL Greeks know that the word EUROPE is from GREEK MYTHOLOGY-COSMOLOGY and the word Hellenic should have been placed there instead, it comes later in a branch with Greek, that is, they again separate the ancient from the modern Greek… how complex now when they know that if they remove our language from their vocabularies, the whole trunk will collapse! And the pacifier Indo India another Greek word is the basis….POOR “scientists” tells you!
By: ΘΕΟΦΑΝΏ ΠΟΛΥMEPH So now that you have arbitrarily established the INCORRECT use of the WORD ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΣ/ “HOMOPHYLOS”(=SAME RACE OR GEND) iINSTEAD OF: “HOMOPHYLOPHILOS (=HOMOSEXUAL) to the point that I even see “friends”INCORRECTLY using “NEOLOGISM(!)”, arrange when you translate ANCIENTTEXTS into “MODERN GREEK” to translate the ANCIENT WORD “HOMOPHYLOS” SAME RACE). with the word… SHAMELESS («ΚΊΝΑΙΔΟΣ/KINAEDOS» ΑΙΔΩΣ/AEDOS= PUDENCY)….. KNOWN TACTIC...
In this way, while until the 80s the term “PLATONIC LOVE” STRICTLY meant NON-FLESH in ALL the languages of the world (Platonic love), SUDDENLY you discovered… that PLATO and those with him were ….USING THE WORD HOMOPHYLOS, AS.. INSTAED OF “HOMOPHYLOPHILOS =HOMOSEXUAL. HOMOPHYLOS= SAME GEND, SAME RACE….NOTHING TO DO WITH HOMOPHYLOPHILOS
So did the Romans and SUBSEQUENTLY the ENEMIES of the GREEK SPIRIT, CENTURIES BEFORE THEY FALSIFIED the TERMS “LOVER” and “BELOVED” with the RESULT that TODAY THE COMPLETELY ILLITERATE CLAIM that all the ANCIENT GREEKS were brothers and that HOMOSEXUALITY was almost forced . And all this, while the laws that reflect the real attitude of society towards these people have been saved.
I AM SORRY, THAT THE WORLD HAS NEITHER THE TIME NOR THE DISPOSITION TO BE INFORMED BY STUDYING, BECOMING ..ONE UNDER THE DRIFT…OF EVERY PAID OR ILLITERATE PERSON FOUND IN A PUBLIC PLACE OR ON FOOT… .. . The University professors who, INSTEAD OF SERVING the TRUTH keep a FISHY SILENCE in the FACE of the DESTRUCTION of HISTORY AND LANGUAGE, and EVEN MORE so those who appoint them to their positions, are considered guilty. Just as unfortunately today everything on our planet IS SICK, so in our country there is a morbid lack of meritocracy, so that positions and positions are held by unfit people with only the virtue of acquaintances and their submission to what the globalization agenda naturally imposes.
Archimedes, born in Syracuse around 287 BC, emerged as a leading mathematician and inventor during the Hellenistic period. Renowned for inventions like the Archimedes screw, he left an indelible mark on both engineering and theoretical sciences.
His mathematical breakthroughs included hydrostatic principles, allowing the measurement of an object’s volume when submerged in water, and advancements in calculating surface areas and volumes. The method of exhaustion, a precursor to integral calculus, showcased his analytical brilliance.
Archimedes’ genius extended to geometry, introducing the fundamental Archimedes’ principle in buoyancy. Surviving works such as “On the Sphere and Cylinder” reflect his profound exploration of mathematical concepts.
Beyond his intellectual pursuits, Archimedes played a crucial role in practical engineering, designing war machines instrumental during the Roman siege of Syracuse. Tragically, his life ended heroically during the sack of Syracuse in 212/211 BC, defending the city with inventive war machines. His legacy endures as a symbol of brilliance and innovation, influencing fields from mathematics to engineering.
Why Archimedes was the greatest scientist of the Classical age
A mathematician, physicist, astronomer, inventor and engineer, the ancient Greek thinker Archimedes left a legacy much greater than a story about bathtubs, yelling “Eureka” and streaking nude down the street – even if, as Jonny Wilkes explores, it took a while for the rest of the world to catch up to him
Study: Archimedes Set Roman Ships Afire with CannonsThe steam cannons could have fired hollow balls made of clay and filled with something similar to an incendiary chemical mixture known as Greek fire in order to set Roman ships ablaze. A heated cannon barrel would have converted barely more than a tenth of a cup of water (30 grams) into enough steam to hurl the projectiles.
A legend begun in the Medieval Ages tells of how Archimedes used mirrors to concentrate sunlight as a defensive weapon during the siege of Syracuse, then a Greek colony on the island of Sicily, from 214 to 212 B.C.
Channeling steam power
Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci sketched a steam cannon in the late 15th century, which he credited to Archimedes, and several other historical accounts mention the device in connection with Archimedes.
Indirect evidence for the steam cannon also comes from the Greek-Roman historian Plutarch, who tells of a pole-shaped device that forced besieging Roman soldiers to flee at one point from the walls of Syracuse.
********************ARCHIMEDES’ RAY OF LIGHT*****************************”
You will have heard and seen many times in various articles and documentaries about this unique ingenious invention of the “Light Ray of Archimedes” which was created by the ancient Greek mathematician, engineer, physicist, astronomer and inventor Archimedes out of necessity and this because then the Archimedes who lived in Syracuse which was under siege by the Romans thought of an incredible and easy way to spoil the plans of the Romans. In the 2nd century AD the writer Lucian during the Siege of Syracuse in 214-212 BC. wrote that Archimedes destroyed enemy Roman ships by using fire. After several centuries, Anthemius the Trallian says that the burning glass is the weapon of Archimedes. This parabolic device is also known as “Archimedes’ Ray of Light”, a directed energy weapon in which the mirrors are made of copper and highly polished which he used to focus sunlight on ships so that they catch fire, of course another theory says that he had the soldiers polish the shields well so that the sun’s rays would reflect on them and mark the ships so they would catch fire. Archimedes used mirrors that were made of bronze or copper, there is no authoritative reference to this, but they assumed it with the materials used at the time, which were very well polished, with the result that when the sun’s rays fell on these parabolic mirrors, they reflected the rays that the mirror operator wanted, concentrating them on the object that he wanted, causing very high temperatures. An attempt to represent Archimedes’ ray of light was made in 1973 by the Greek scientist Ioannis Sakkas at the naval base of Skaramangas, out of Athens. 70 mirrors with a copper coating and a size of 1.5 by 1 meter were used and they were directed by sailors from the navy. So they marked a replica of a Roman warship made of plywood at a distance of 50 meters. The ship caught fire in 1-2 minutes, but they probably say its tar paint helped with that. Also on the Discovery Channel in the show “Mythbusters” in 2005 they tried to repeat this achievement but failed and ruled that it is a myth. In 2005 MIT repeated the experiment using 127 square 30cm mirror tiles and succeeded in setting fire to a ship in San Francisco. In 2010 the Mythbusters were told to try the ray of light again in an episode that even featured Barack Obama entitled “The President’s Challenge”. There were many experiments such as having 500 students mark with mirrors a model of a Roman ship at a distance of 120 meters but to no avail. Mythbusters said it was more likely just to blind and distract the ships crew. In 2010, a 19-year-old student, Eric Jackman from America, succeeded and built a parabolic solar system that he called the “Death Ray”. Made from a conventional satellite dish and 5,800 small mirrors. With a hole in the plate he placed a PVC plastic pipe behind the mirror. As the sun hits the plate, sunlight passes through the hole and reflects off the translucent plastic at the bottom of the tube and thus aids in aiming. The beam can melt various metals such as steel and even cement. The R5800 death ray was completely destroyed in a fire where it was stored on December 14, 2010. About 8 months after this video was filmed, where this has been replaced by the R23k in 2013 which has 23,000 mirrors and a focusing power 10,000 times greater than daylight. The same technique works with the mirrors in renewable energy parks, which have hundreds or even thousands of mirrors aimed at one point, and in this way there is a huge energy production. Weapons based on Archimedes’ invention were presented by DARPA in the US Department of Defense research program that used microwaves to penetrate the victim’s skin causing high temperatures creating the sensation of flame. They even want to install laser beam weapons on her warships. and in fact in the spring of 2014 with a prototype laser weapon LWSD (Laser Weapons System) they installed one on their warship. LaWS is a solid state laser. They are expensive and consume a lot of power at 25% meaning the transport vessel needs to generate around 130kW of power to enable the 32kW output weapon to be used. As you can see in several videos from the US Navy showing it destroying an unmanned aircraft (BQM-147) in 4 seconds and boats that were targeting them. Of course, they have solved many of the problems they were facing. It is now able to disable the sensors of RHIB patrol boats and surveillance drones. In the future this weapon will be able to destroy missiles, warplanes and combat helicopters. Another weapon made for the US military by Lockheed Martin is a 60kW laser. It is a combined beam laser, that is, it combines several individual lasers into one, which are produced through optical fibers. You are based on a US Pentagon design that was originally developed by the Robust Electric Laser Initiative Program and then by Lockheed Martin and the US military with investment in it. It was built for tactical vehicles for land, sea and air defense. We’re coming to 2020 with a laser weapon that can and does shoot down unmanned aircraft (Drones), deployed on a US Navy ship for the first time. This laser was seen on the “USS Portland” and a demonstration of this weapon took place on May 16, 2020 when the Technology Maturation Laser Weapon System Demonstrator (LWSD) shot down a combat drone. This weapon was installed for temporary reasons on the ship and remains in a test stage as specified by the US Navy. When this weapon (LWSD) is completed, Northrup Grumman’s work will appear on US Navy amphibious vehicles sometime in the near future.
The Greek-Roman physician and philosopher Galen similarly mentioned a burning device used against the Roman ships, but used words that Rossi said cannot translate into “burning mirror.”
Rossi calculated that such cannons could have fired a cannonball weighing roughly 13 pounds (6 kilograms) at speeds of roughly 134 miles per hour (60 meters per second). That allowed the cannons to possibly target troops or ships at distances of approximately 492 feet (150 m) while firing at a fairly flat trajectory to make aiming easier.
“As far as I know, it is the first paper about that use of a steam cannon by Archimedes,” Rossi told LiveScience.
Past investigations by Greek engineer Joannis Stakas and Evanghelos Stamatis, a historian, showed that a parabolic mirror can set small, stationary wooden ships on fire. MIT researchers carried out a similar demonstration more than three decades later in 2005.
But whether mirrors could have maintained a constantly changing curvature to keep the right burning focus on moving ships seems doubtful, Rossi noted. He added that ancient sailors could have easily put out any fires that started from a slow-burning mirror.
By contrast, Greek fire emerged in many historical accounts as a deadly threat for ancient warships. The unknown chemical mixture reportedly burned underwater, and saw most use by the Byzantine Empire that dominated the Eastern Mediterranean starting in A.D. 330. Other records mention earlier versions of the burning mixture.
Recreating the past
The steam cannons only represent the latest historical investigation by Rossi. He previously coauthored the book “Ancient Engineers’ Inventions: Precursors of the Present” (Springer, 2009), along with military historians Flavio Russo and Ferruccio Russo.
The trio plan to meet up with other historians in the future and possibly reconstruct versions of the ancient weapons. Flavio previously built several working reconstructions of ancient Roman artillery weapons, and Ferruccio specializes in 3-D virtual reconstructions of mechanical devices.
Some of Rossi’s other work looked at ancient motors that may have moved siege towers used by the Greeks and Romans. The likeliest motors may have relied on counterweights, and emerged in records as the invention of Heron of Alexandria in the first century.
Such devices could have been placed inside the protection of the towers themselves, Rossi noted. He pointed to an account by the Roman general Julius Caesar, who told of using such towers against a town defended by Gallic tribes in modern-day France. The sight of towers appearing to move by themselves frightened the defenders into negotiating for surrender.
A research paper on the siege towers was presented alongside Rossi’s recent work entitled “Archimedes’ Cannons against the Roman Fleet?” at the International World Conference held in Syracuse, Italy from June 8-10. The conference proceedings appear in a book titled “The Genius of Archimedes — 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering” (Springer, 2010).
In the end, the engineering talents of Archimedes did not save him from death when the Romans finally stormed Syracuse. But at least a love of history among Rossi and his colleagues may lead to the resurrection of some of his ancient devices.
It was the time of the Second Punic War and the city of Syracuse in Sicily had made the fatal mistake of siding with the Carthaginians against Rome. So, in 216 BC, a large Roman fleet under the command of Consul Claudius Marcellus set out to besiege Syracuse and bring it to its knees.
It ought to have gone smoothly and swiftly enough for the well-drilled Romans. But they had not reckoned on the intervention of a remarkable, 70-year-old man. Archimedes, the greatest (and virtually the only) Greek technologist, was a Syracusian, born and bred. And though he despised violence and had no interest at all in military campaigns, in his home town’s hour of need he turned his ingenuity upon the invaders and helped to hold them at bay for almost four years.
The Romans had never seen the like of some of the war-machines he unleashed upon them. A huge pair of pincers appeared from the city walls, grasped the hull of a ship between its jaws, shook it, and sent it crashing in ruins into the sea. Giant catapults hurled showers of heavy spears and stones onto vessels at anchor some distance from the shore. But there is one weapon that Archimedes is said to have used which is so fantastic that it defies credibility. In fairness, one of the few ancient writers to mention it is Plutarch and he had a vested interest in making Greek brains seem superior to Roman brawn. According to Plutarch, Archimedes reflected the Sun’s rays onto the Roman galleys and set them alight. Such a story, true or not, was too good for the medieval chroniclers over a thousand years later to resist. Like the tabloid journalists of their day, they embellished the tale with details of their own until history and legend became hopelessly intertwined. Some of these later writers say that Archimedes used the polished round shields of the Greek troops to concentrate the sunlight, while others insist that he focused the rays with a giant single mirror. Joannes Zonaras, a Byzantine historian of the 12th century, wrote:”At last, in an incredible manner, he burned up the whole Roman fleet. For by tilting a kind of mirror he ignited the air from the beam and kindled a great flame, the whole of which he directed at the ships at anchor in the path of the fire, until he consumed them all.
“Evidently, Zonaras had only a tenuous grasp on the principles of optics. Archimedes, on the other hand, understood reflection as well as anyone up until the time of Newton. Yet even he would have struggled to exploit it as an incendiary weapon.
One recent piece of research looked at the effect of 440 men each wielding a polished metal mirror almost three feet across. The calculations showed that even if the men worked in concert, all pointing their mirrors precisely the same way at the same time – a difficult enough feat – the best they could hope for would be to ignite a small patch of wood 50 yards away. Such a capability would hardly have struck terror into the Romans who, in any case, were not short of a drop or two of water with which to douse any smoldering timber.
Conceivably, mirrors could have been used as an anti-personnel weapon. Fifty mirrors, say, accurately trained on the steersman of a Roman galley might have given him a nasty burn, though the prospect of the entire fleet being disabled in this way seems a bit far-fetched.
Perhaps, after all, the tale of Archimedes and his military mirrors is a product of overwrought imagination. The real damage to the Roman ships, as both Thucydides and Aeneas Tacitus claimed, may have been caused by burning gobbets of sulfur, pitch, and charcoal, lobbed from shore-based catapults. This could well have inspired the legend. As O. N. Stavroudis, of the University of Arizona, pointed out: “To the terrified Roman seamen such an attack would have seemed like great bolts of fire descending from the Sun itself. And the few surviving Greeks would perhaps allow, with half a grin, that indeed it
A wall painting from the Uffizi Gallery, Stanzino delle Matematiche, in Florence, Italy, shows the Greek mathematician Archimedes’ mirror burning Roman military ships. Painted in 1600 by Gieulio Parigi. (Image credit: Giulio Parigi)
Greek inventor Archimedes is said to have used mirrors to burn ships of an attacking Roman fleet. But new research suggests he may have used steam cannons and fiery cannonballs instead.
A legend begun in the Medieval Ages tells of how Archimedes used mirrors to concentrate sunlight as a defensive weapon during the siege of Syracuse, then a Greek colony on the island of Sicily, from 214 to 212 B.C. No contemporary Roman or Greek accounts tell of such a mirror device, however.
Both engineering calculations and historical evidence support use of steam cannons as “much more reasonable than the use of burning mirrors,” said Cesare Rossi, a mechanical engineer at the University of Naples “Federico II,” in Naples, Italy, who along with colleagues analyzed evidence of both potential weapons.
Channeling steam power
Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci sketched a steam cannon in the late 15th century, which he credited to Archimedes, and several other historical accounts mention the device in connection with Archimedes.
Indirect evidence for the steam cannon also comes from the Greek-Roman historian Plutarch, who tells of a pole-shaped device that forced besieging Roman soldiers to flee at one point from the walls of Syracuse.
The Greek-Roman physician and philosopher Galen similarly mentioned a burning device used against the Roman ships, but used words that Rossi said cannot translate into “burning mirror.”
Rossi calculated that such cannons could have fired a cannonball weighing roughly 13 pounds (6 kilograms) at speeds of roughly 134 miles per hour (60 meters per second). That allowed the cannons to possibly target troops or ships at distances of approximately 492 feet (150 m) while firing at a fairly flat trajectory to make aiming easier.
“As far as I know, it is the first paper about that use of a steam cannon by Archimedes,” Rossi told LiveScience.
Past investigations by Greek engineer Joannis Stakas and Evanghelos Stamatis, a historian, showed that a parabolic mirror can set small, stationary wooden ships on fire. MIT researchers carried out a similar demonstration more than three decades later in 2005.
But whether mirrors could have maintained a constantly changing curvature to keep the right burning focus on moving ships seems doubtful, Rossi noted. He added that ancient sailors could have easily put out any fires that started from a slow-burning mirror.
By contrast, Greek fire emerged in many historical accounts as a deadly threat for ancient warships. The unknown chemical mixture reportedly burned underwater, and saw most use by the Byzantine Empire that dominated the Eastern Mediterranean starting in A.D. 330. Other records mention earlier versions of the burning mixture.
Recreating the past
The steam cannons only represent the latest historical investigation by Rossi. He previously coauthored the book “Ancient Engineers’ Inventions: Precursors of the Present” (Springer, 2009), along with military historians Flavio Russo and Ferruccio Russo.
The trio plan to meet up with other historians in the future and possibly reconstruct versions of the ancient weapons. Flavio previously built several working reconstructions of ancient Roman artillery weapons, and Ferruccio specializes in 3-D virtual reconstructions of mechanical devices.
Some of Rossi’s other work looked at ancient motors that may have moved siege towers used by the Greeks and Romans. The likeliest motors may have relied on counterweights, and emerged in records as the invention of Heron of Alexandria in the first century.
Such devices could have been placed inside the protection of the towers themselves, Rossi noted. He pointed to an account by the Roman general Julius Caesar, who told of using such towers against a town defended by Gallic tribes in modern-day France. The sight of towers appearing to move by themselves frightened the defenders into negotiating for surrender.
A research paper on the siege towers was presented alongside Rossi’s recent work entitled “Archimedes’ Cannons against the Roman Fleet?” at the International World Conference held in Syracuse, Italy from June 8-10. The conference proceedings appear in a book titled “The Genius of Archimedes — 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering” (Springer, 2010).
In the end, the engineering talents of Archimedes did not save him from death when the Romans finally stormed Syracuse. But at least a love of history among Rossi and his colleagues may lead to the resurrection.
Everywhere you look in ancient Greece, you are sure to find not only pioneers, but forefathers of their fields; famous Greeks who advanced their discipline leaps and bounds, and whose influence can be felt to this day. Medicine had Hippocrates, politics had Solon, history had Herodotus, and philosophy had the likes of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. When it comes to mathematics, one name stands above all others: Archimedes.
His discoveries and writings shaped mathematical thought for millennia, from his plethora of geometrical findings to his accurate approximation of pi. He experimented with calculus before it even existed and laid out a law of the lever that, he purportedly declared, would allow him to “move the Earth”.
Archimedes’ genius stretched far beyond theory, though. He was an inventor and engineer, who conceived of machines still in use and weapons powerful enough to give the Roman military cause to worry. That is, of course, if all the stories are to be believed.
Who was Archimedes?
As next to nothing is known about the life of Archimedes, stories written by historians long after his death comprise the only biographical information we have – other than his written works, many of which survive only in fragments.
From what can be surmised, Archimedes was born c287 BC in Syracuse, a Greek-speaking city on the south-east coast of Sicily. In one of his works, he named his father as Phidias, an astronomer, but nothing else is known about his family or upbringing.
It is possible that he travelled to Alexandria, Egypt, and studied there for a spell since he seemed to form relationships with the polymath Eratosthenes of Cyrene (chief of the Library of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) and the astronomer Conon of Samos, a great intellect of the city.
For nearly all of his life, Archimedes lived and worked in Syracuse, often in the employ of the king, which led to perhaps his most famous story.
What was Archimedes’ ‘Eureka moment’ and did it really happen?
According to the first-century BC Roman architect Vitruvius, Archimedes was approached by Hieron (or Hiero) II of Syracuse to determine whether the golden crown that had just been made for the king was, indeed, solid gold. Hieron suspected the goldsmith of substituting silver.
This posed a tricky problem for Archimedes, as he had to reveal the truth without causing any damage to the crown.
Initially stumped for a solution, inspiration finally came to Archimedes when he settled into a relaxing bath: observing how the water rose as he lowered himself into the tub, he realised the answer might lie in water displacement.
The amount displaced was equal to the amount of his body in the water. So astounded was he that he leaped out of the bath and ran down the street, still naked, yelling “Eureka!”, or “I have found it!”
By placing the crown into water and measuring the displacement, Archimedes could work out the volume and, therefore, the density. Gold is denser than silver, so he could compare the results to a solid lump of gold the same weight as the crown.
Eureka, it turned out that the king had been cheated.
While the story is certainly apocryphal, the great mathematician is credited with a significant discovery concerning buoyancy. He just did not necessarily make it while naked in the bath.
Archimedes’ Principle – which states that an object immersed in fluid will be buoyed upwards by a force equal to the weight of the fluid being displaced – secured his reputation as a founding father of hydrostatics, the study of fluids at rest.
What were some of Archimedes’ greatest discoveries and inventions?
Archimedes laid out his Principle on hydrostatics in his work On Floating Bodies, which survives partly in Greek and in a medieval Latin translation.
This was just one of the many solutions to mathematical questions that he got through in his illustrious career. He proved the law of the lever in On the Equilibrium of Planes, and, the work of which he was most proud – On the Sphere and Cylinder – unpicked the relationship between a sphere and a cylinder.
In geometry, Archimedes proved a number of theorems by finding the areas and volumes of an array of shapes, including cones, parabolas and spheres, using methods that would later develop into what became calculus.
The same techniques helped Archimedes reach an approximation for the value of pi between 3.1408 and 3.1429. The true value is 3.14159 (and so on).
As well as mathematics and physics, Archimedes wrote on astronomy too. In The Sand Reckoner, he attempted to calculate the number of grains of sand needed to fill the universe.
He is also credited – in the writings of the great Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero and mathematician Pappus of Alexandria – with a device to show the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets. This may be the legendary Antikythera Mechanism, the world’s first analogue computer (and the MacGuffin, dubbed the Archimedes Dial, in the fifth Indiana Jones movie, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny).
Among Archimedes’ inventions are war machines used during the siege of Syracuse, an early odometer (a small cart where a series of gears dropped a pebble in a box every mile) and the so-called Archimedes Screw, a device to draw water upwards.
According to an anecdotal story, it had been invented in conjunction with another of his achievements: the Syracusia, one of the largest ships in antiquity.
Built for the king of Syracuse, it was large enough for more than 1,900 people and featured among its hundreds of rooms a temple, library and gymnasium. But its size increased the risk of leaks in the hull, leading to Archimedes developing the screw to remove water from the lower decks.
In truth, something similar may have existed earlier in Egypt, but it still bears Archimedes’ name and remains in widespread use around the world today.
What did Archimedes do during the Siege of Syracuse?
During the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), Syracuse incurred the wrath of Rome by switching allegiance to Carthage, resulting in what was expected to be a short and straightforward military campaign under the command of general Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Appius Claudius Pulcher.
Yet the siege of Syracuse lasted for two years, from 214-212 BC, thanks in no small part to Archimedes.
As related in The Histories by second-century BC historian Polybius, the mathematician designed a number of weapons and machines to defend the walls of Syracuse from sea attack, including improved forms of the catapult.
Chief among them was the Archimedes Claw, a crane-like contraption with a hook at the end that could be dropped onto Roman ships and lift them out of the water, and his alleged heat ray (also known as the Archimedes Death Ray).
While debate rages over whether this existed at all, the idea was to angle a series of mirrors to focus the Sun’s rays onto the wood of the enemy’s hulls, which would then catch on fire.
How did Archimedes die?
Syracuse did eventually fall to the Romans in 212 BC, while the defenders were distracted with the celebrations of a religious festival.
Marcellus had demanded that Archimedes be taken alive, knowing what his genius could be worth to Rome, but, as the story goes, a soldier approached the mathematician while absorbed in some calculations.
With his mind elsewhere, he failed to heed what the soldier was saying, and the angered Roman stabbed and killed him.
Where is Archimedes’ tomb?
Today, visitors to the Parco Archeologico della Neapolis in Syracuse will be able to visit what’s called the ‘Tomb of Archimedes’.
However, this is not where the great man was buried, but rather a Roman construction from a couple of centuries later. Archimedes’ true resting place was lost to time, neglected and left to decay.
That said, the Roman statesman and orator Cicero claimed he discovered its whereabouts while serving as an official in Sicily.
He knew it to be the right place from the stone adornments of a sphere and cylinder, placed there in honour of Archimede’s mathematical achievements. Cicero had the tomb restored, but again it would be lost over time.
How has Archimedes’ legacy changed over history?
Despite his contributions both in the realms of mathematical theory and in defensive weaponry, Syracuse quickly forgot Archimedes after his death (which goes to explain how his tomb became lost).
It is not known if he had children, or followers, but there is little evidence to suggest that anyone took up the mantle of carrying on his work.
Only in the sixth century AD did Archimedes’ legacy start to be formed when Isidore of Miletus, an architect on the Hagia Sophia, compiled his works for the first time.
Then Eutocius of Ascalon wrote commentaries on Archimedes, which were translated into Arabic in the eighth and ninth centuries, bringing the great mathematician of Syracuse to the attention of the great mathematicians of medieval Islam.
Archimedes’ reputation would flourish, making him a constant source of inspiration during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.
The real Archimedes Dial? The Antikythera mechanism explained
The archaeological macguffin at the heart of Indiana Jones and Dial of Destiny is based on a very real treasure: the Antikythera mechan
A floating object’s weight Fp and its buoyancy Fa (Fb in the text) must be equal in size.
Archimedes’ principle allows the buoyancy of any floating object partially or fully immersed in a fluid to be calculated. The downward force on the object is simply its weight. The upward, or buoyant, force on the object is that stated by Archimedes’ principle above. Thus, the net force on the object is the difference between the magnitudes of the buoyant force and its weight. If this net force is positive, the object rises; if negative, the object sinks; and if zero, the object is neutrally buoyant—that is, it remains in place without either rising or sinking. In simple words, Archimedes’ principle states that, when a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid, it experiences an apparent loss in weight that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body(s).
Formula
A floating object’s weight Fp and its buoyancy Fa (Fb in the text) must be equal in size.
Consider a cuboid immersed in a fluid, its top and bottom faces orthogonal to the direction of gravity (assumed constant across the cube’s stretch). The fluid will exert a normal force on each face, but only the normal forces on top and bottom will contribute to buoyancy. The pressure difference between the bottom and the top face is directly proportional to the height (difference in depth of submersion). Multiplying the pressure difference by the area of a face gives a net force on the cuboid — the buoyancy — equaling in size the weight of the fluid displaced by the cuboid. By summing up sufficiently many arbitrarily small cuboids this reasoning may be extended to irregular shapes, and so, whatever the shape of the submerged body, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. weight of displaced fluid=weight of object in vacuum−weight of object in fluid
The weight of the displaced fluid is directly proportional to the volume of the displaced fluid (if the surrounding fluid is of uniform density). The weight of the object in the fluid is reduced, because of the force acting on it, which is called upthrust. In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyant force (Fb) on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density (ρ) of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume (V) times the gravity (g)[1][3]
We can express this relation in the equation:��=���
where �� denotes the buoyant force applied onto the submerged object, � denotes the density of the fluid, � represents the volume of the displaced fluid and � is the acceleration due to gravity. Thus, among completely submerged objects with equal masses, objects with greater volume have greater buoyancy.
Suppose a rock’s weight is measured as 10 newtons when suspended by a string in a vacuum with gravity acting on it. Suppose that, when the rock is lowered into the water, it displaces water of weight 3 newtons. The force it then exerts on the string from which it hangs would be 10 newtons minus the 3 newtons of buoyant force: 10 − 3 = 7 newtons. Buoyancy reduces the apparent weight of objects that have sunk completely to the sea-floor. It is generally easier to lift an object through the water than it is to pull it out of the water.
For a fully submerged object, Archimedes’ principle can be reformulated as follows:apparent immersed weight=weight of object−weight of displaced fluid
then inserted into the quotient of weights, which has been expanded by the mutual volumedensity of objectdensity of fluid=weightweight of displaced fluid
yields the formula below. The density of the immersed object relative to the density of the fluid can easily be calculated without measuring any volume isdensity of objectdensity of fluid=weightweight−apparent immersed weight.
Jonny Wilkes is a former staff writer for BBC History Revealed, and he continues to write for both the magazine and HistoryExtra. He has BA in History from the University of York.
ANCIENT GREEK ASTRONOMER ARISTARCHOS was the first, who DISCOVERED the HELIOCENTRIC SYSTEM, MAINTAINING THAT THE EARTH REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN.THE SAGES OF ANTIQUITY WERE DIVIDED BETWEEN THE ADVOCATES OF THE GEOCENTRIC THEORY OF THE WORLD AND THOSE OF THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY. In OTHER WORDS, THE EARTH, ROTATES AROUND THE SUN..
ARISTARHUS of SAMOS: & HIS HELIOCENTRIC SYSTEMARISTARHUS was certainly both a mathematician and astronomer and he is most celebrated as the first to propose a sun-centred universe. He is also famed for his pioneering attempt to determine the sizes and distances of the sun and moon.There was a time when people thought that the earth was the center of the universe. Although Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei got credit for this idea in the 1500’s, this theory was ACTUALY originated by the ANCIENT GREEK ASTRONOMER and MATHEMATICIAN known as ARISTARHUS of SAMOS. HERE`s MORE information about WHO was and his CONTRIBUTION to ASTRONOMY:Early Life of AristarchusAristarchus of Samos was born approximate 310 B.C in an area known as Samos, Greece. There are historical records that show his formal education took place in Alexandria. He eventually became head of the Greek educational system at Lyceum in Greece.Sun is at the CenterAristarchus is known for his revolutionary astronomical hypothesis. It was Aristarchus who initially put forth a theory of the Sun and not the Earth being the fixed center of the universe. It was his belief the earth and the other planets actually moved around the sun. Aristarchus also provided a theory on stars being distant suns. He claimed they did not move, and the universe was much larger than others could imagine.Inspired by Philolaus of CrotonAristarchus of Samos was inspired by the work of Philolaus of Croton, who put forth the idea that the cosmos existed because unlimited fire is found at the center of a cosmic sphere. This is the first person recognized as placing the other planets in their correct order as well as correct distance from the sun.Development of HypothesisThe written book “On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon” is the only known work that Aristarchus wrote. When he had completed this, Aristarchus felt presenting it would have not have benefited him since it was a contradiction to the general consensus of the Greek scientific community. His book was based on the observations made during a lunar eclipse. He determined the Earth’s shadow was twice the diameter of the Moon’s shadow. Aristarchus did record the Sun and Moon being two degrees when measured for an angular diameter. He was also able to show the angular distance between the Moon and sun during the time of quarter moon as 87 degrees.Implications of this TheoryMany modern scientists believe the hypothesis put forth by Aristarchus had other interesting aspects to it beyond all the planets in the universe rotating around the sun. With the use of geometry, he determined the Sun may be as much as 20 times farther away from the earth than the moon. His figures were not as accurate as such calculations would be by future astronomers. Aristarchus did use a sound geometric method for his calculations. This was the correct way to make such a determination. It was using this method that made more sophisticated and accurate celestial calculations possible.Aristarchus of Samos died in circa 230 B.C. He is recognized by most astronomers as someone who was advanced in his thinking and ideas for the time when he lived. Aristarchus of Samos did not get much recognition during his life for his work but he did achieve credit later on.The GREEKS SHOULD NEVER LEARN that: DEMOCRITUS , PYTHAGORAS, HERACLEITOS completely formulated the theory of NUCLEAR PHYSICS and SPECIAL RELATIVITY, unifying into single MATHEMATICAL(https://heptapolis.com/mathematics-greek-language), formulas, as ELECTRICITY, GRAVITY, MAGNETISM, ASTRONOMY, and the Weak Currents of NUCLEAR ATOMS.The Greeks MUST NEVER LEARN that: the ASTRONOMERS – MATHEMATICIANS: EUDOXUS, CALLIPOS , ARISTARCHOS, ANAXIMANDROS, EUKLIDES, ARCHIMEDES, CONON, HIPPARCHUS, CLEOMEDES, APOLLONIOS, PTOLEMY, THEON, HYPATIA, PAPPUS, had EXHAUSTED the LIMITS of human INTELLIGENCE by solving MENTALY WITHOUT GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION equations of 12 unknowns (twelve equations twelve unknowns) while the limit of today’s computers is “7 equations 7 unknowns”. Because the THIEVES of ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE, AS: – KEPLER, GALILEO, COPERNICUS etc. MUST be SHOWN!! …The GREEKS SHOULD NOT KNOW that: the ENGINEERS – TECHNICIANS: EUPALINOS, SOSTRATOS, HERON, ZOSIMOS, KALLINIKOS, manufactured TOPOGRAPHIC instruments for TRIGONOMETRIC SURVEYING, AUTOMATIC mechanisms and instruments for ELECTRICAL applications, because the SWINDLER EDISON MUST be SHOWN as the INVENTOR of … ELECTRICITY, ALTHOUGH the above GREEK ENGINEERS used the ELECTRON (AMBER) as a NATURAL ACCUMULATOR of STATIC ELECTRICITY in technical applications…The Greeks MUST NOT KNOW that: the GEOGRAPHERS – EXPLORERS SKYLAX, PYTHEAS, EUDOXUS, STRABON, PAUSANIAS, COSMAS the INDIKOPLEISTIS, HECATAEUS, had mapped the ENTIRE surface of the planet, because there is a danger that the Greeks will learn that ATLANTIS and the AMERICAN CONTINENT belonged administratively in DELPHI, while Asia belonged administratively to SARDIS, with the central coordinator being the APOLLONIAN Center of DELOS, to which the Transborean Greeks (Northern Siberia) sent as a token of recognition “every year, choice grain”, through the Greek ARIMASPAS and ISSIDONES and MASSAGESTAEof Central and Southern SIBERIA.The Greeks should not know that the Greek DOCTORS, GALENOS, CELSIUS, HERACLIDES, HEROPHILUS, PRAXAGORAS, AGNODIKIS, KTIRIAS, HIPPOCRATES, ERIVIOTIS, carried out “balancing electromagnetic fluids of the body” treatments by regulating the alkalinity and acidity of the organs. That they were making cures using “left-handed amino acids” (antibiotics) obtained from plants, fully knowing that only recently did molecular biology discover the action-reaction of left-handed amino acids (antibiotics) with right-handed amino acids (organism proteins).The Greeks must not learn that the symbols “LEFT-CROWNED SWASTIKA” and “RIGHT-CROWNED SWASTIKA” were SYMBOLS of PHYSICS and MATHEMATICS, by which the Greeks PYTHAGORAS and DEMOCRITUS and ARISTARCHOS expressed right-handed and left-handed nuclei of atoms, planets, solar systems, galaxies and cosmic domains clusters of galaxies.2500 years ago HIPPOCRATES performed brain and heart surgery…Despite the almost non-existent means of his time, HIPPOCRATES performed difficult surgeries. He and his students successfully treated orthopedic, cardiac and basic surgery cases. HIPPOCRATES even performed operations on the human skull, as we read in several of his works… In addition to the operation itself, HIPPOCRATES attached great importance to the preparation of the patient and the operating room.In the work Kat’iatreion, he describes in detail how the patient should be prepared before the operation, how the tools are sterilized, how the space is shaped, but also how artificial and natural light is used during the operation…American archaeobotanists were able for the first time to study and analyze the contents of pills made by doctors in ancient Greece and which were discovered 20 years ago, in a Greek shipwreck off the coast of Tuscany…DNA analyzes showed that each pill was a mixture of at least ten different plant extracts, including hibiscus and celery. “For the first time, we now have physical evidence of what is contained in the writings of the ancient Greek physicians DIOSCORIDIS and GALENOS,” said ALLEN TWOWAY of the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION’s NATIONAL Museum of NATURAL HISTORY in WASHINGTON , according to New Scientist..Apostle ORPHEUS” ETYMOLOGY OF the NAME ROOT:ÁRISTOS ARKHḖ / ÁRKHŌ > ARÍSTARKHOSNATIVE NAME ROOT: GREEKÁRISTOS (ἌΡῘΣΤΟΣ) ARKHḖ (Ᾰ̓ΡΧΉ) ÁRKHŌ (ἌΡΧΩ) ARÍSTARKHOS (ἈΡΊΣΤΑΡΧΟΣ)MEANING: This name derives from the Ancient Greek name “Arístarkhos (Ἀρίσταρχος)”, composed of two elements: “áristos (ἄρῐστος)” (best, better, excellent, first-rate, thorough) plus “arkhḗ (ᾰ̓ρχή) árkhō (ἄρχω)” (beginning, origin, sovereignty, dominion, authority). In turn the name means “the perfect source, the right origin”. 1) Aristarchus of Samos (~310–230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known model that placed the Sun at the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it. 2) Aristarchus of Samothrace (~220–143 BC) was a grammarian noted as the most influential of all scholars of Homeric poetry. He was the librarian of the library of Alexandria..
Aristarchus of SAMOS: The Greek thatThey “Forgot” to Mention as the Father of the Heliocentric Model.
His ideas on Astronomy were not initially accepted and considered inferior to those of Aristotle and Ptolemy, until they were successfully revived and developed by Copernicus some 2000 years later.
HELIOCENTRISM
However, we know from various references that Aristarchus had written another book in which he proposed the alternative hypothesis of the heliocentric model.
“Cleanthis, [a contemporary of Aristarchus] believed that it was the duty of the Greeks to condemn Aristarchus of Samia on the charge of setting in motion the hearth [center] of the Universe [i.e. the Earth] and thus disturbs the tranquility of the gods: “As you move the hearth of the world and disturb the tranquility of the Olympians (gods)” …, you assumed that the sky remains stationary and the Earth turns on an inclined circle, while at the same time revolving around from its axis.”
Size of the Moon distance and size of the Sun
He found that the Moon and the Sun are almost the same apparent size from Earth and concluded that their diameters would be proportional to their distance from Earth.
The rebirth of Aristarchus theory
Stobaeus in his collection “On Physics” writes: “Aristarchus ton Helion istisisi”.
Plutarch in his work “On the likes of the Philosophers” states:
“Aristarchus placed the Sun behind the plains, and the Earth moves around the solar circle, and the Earth evolves according to an oblique circle, if it is also rotated around its axis, and during these inclinations it shadows the disc”.
The only work of Aristarchus that has survived to this day, “On the sizes and distances of the Sun and the Moon” (On the sizes and distances of the Sun and the Moon), is based on a geocentric model.
Archimedes wrote: “King Gelon, you know that the world is the name that most astronomers give to a sphere, in the center of which is the Earth, and that the radius of this sphere is equal to the distance between the Sun and and the Earth. This is the explanation given by astronomers. But Aristarchus wrote a book, which contains certain propositions, from which it is concluded that the real world is much larger.
It is believed that the flat stars and the Sun are stationary, that the Earth moves around the Sun in a circular orbit, with the Sun at its center. Even though the sphere of the plain stars, which is at the same center as the Sun, is so large that the circle around which the Earth revolves is as far from the plain stars as the center of a sphere is from the surface of … Aristarchus means the following: since we believe that the Earth is, let’s say, the center of the world, the relationship of the Earth to what we call “the world” is equal to the relationship of the sphere, which contains the circle on which the Earth is said to revolve, towards the sphere of the plain stars.”
Hence, Aristarchus believed that the stars are infinitely distant, and he considered this to be the explanation for the absence of visible parallax, that is, the observed motion of the stars as the Earth moves around the Sun. In fact the stars are much further away than was assumed in ancient times, which explains the fact that stellar parallax is detectable only with telescopes. But it had been assumed that the geocentric model was a simpler and better explanation for the lack of parallax.
The rejection of the heliocentric view was apparently quite strong, as indicated by the following text of Plutarch (On the apparent face of the circle of the moon):
Aristarchus observed the movement of the Moon through the Earth’s shadow during a lunar eclipse. He estimated that the diameter of the Earth was 3 times the diameter of the Moon.
Using Eratosthenes’ calculation that the circumference of the Earth was 42,000 km, he deduced that the Moon has a circumference equal to 14,000 km. Today, the Moon is known to have a circumference approximately equal to 10,916 km. of the last quarter of the Moon. He estimated the angle to be 87°. Aristarchus observed/argued that the Sun, Moon and Earth form almost a right angle at the time of the first or last quarter of the Moon. He estimated the angle to be 87°.
Using correct Geometry, but incorrect observational evidence, Aristarchus concluded that the Sun was 20 times further away than the Moon. In reality the Sun is about 390 times further away.
So he concluded that the Sun was 20 times the diameter of the Moon, which is computationally logical and correct, but also wrong (since it is based on wrong data). But this estimate of his indicates that the Sun is clearly larger than the Earth, which supports the heliocentric model.
Aristarchus was the first to propose the currently accepted heliocentric theory and founded Astronomy on logical thought, a view which, unfortunately, a portion of the international astronomical community, either justified by ignorance or even unjustifiably, does not seem to share at all. Unfortunately for the heliocentric theory, ardent supporters of the geocentric theory, also introduced by Samius Pythagoras, were scientists of the stature of an Aristotle, a Hipparchus or a Ptolemy… Consequently, the revolutionary idea of Aristarchus could not be accepted.
It fell into oblivion without being completely forgotten until the Renaissance, when in 1543, about two millennia later, it was vindicated by the famous Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. Although Copernicus simply brought the heliocentric theory out of obscurity, thus repeating the ideas of Aristarchus, he is nevertheless regarded today as the proponent of the heliocentric theory, and the currently accepted heliocentric system is still internationally called “Copernicus” and not “Aristarchian”. , as it should be.
The survival of the heliocentric theory, despite the polemics of its opponents, is due less to Copernicus and more to the overwhelming proofs of its correctness, given from time to time by Galileo, Kepler, Newton et al. So, the question whether the work of Copernicus is original and what is its value arises easily.
In order to give a responsible answer to this question, one should take into account the difficulties of the age of Copernicus, during which the doctrines of Aristotle prevailed, with which no one was allowed to disagree. In addition, criticism of the Polish astronomer’s theories began immediately and was particularly intense.
Although Copernicus’s contribution to the revival of the heliocentric theory is important, this is not enough for him to be recognized as the author of this theory. It is true that Copernicus knew the views of Aristarchus. This is attested by a surviving manuscript fragment of his treatise De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium. In it, the paragraph referred to in Aristarchus’s treatise appears to have been deleted and which, paradoxically, was not included in the printed version of his treatise presented in 1543. The fact of the deletion is characterized by some as plagiarism, while others consider the omission of reference to Aristarchus also in his theory as lack of courage or cowardice.
However, it should be emphasized that it is not absolutely certain whether the erasure should be attributed to Copernicus himself or to his editor, given that the treatise was published after his death. It is also noteworthy that the Polish astronomer did not give his consent for the publication of his treatise for a whole decade, fearing the condemnation of the Roman Catholic Church.
Finally, in 1543, a copy of his manuscript was published in Nuremberg, which was condemned in 1616 by the Church of Rome.
Copernicus is therefore not the introducer but simply the man who brought out of oblivion and spread the heliocentric theory, the authorship of which belongs exclusively to Aristarchus. Copernicus’ contribution lies mainly in the fact that he introduced the geometric mechanism of Ptolemy’s geocentric system into the heliocentric system of Aristarchus. But it is evident that, since the real difficulty, namely, the belief that the planets move smoothly in circular orbits, could not be overcome, his whole effort was on the wrong track
. For the restoration of the truth but also for reasons of historical self-awareness, the widest possible information is required on the work of the great Greek astronomer Aristarchus, as one of the leading figures in the world of Greek astronomers, mathematicians and philosophers of antiquity.
Archimedes in his mathematical treatise “Psammitis” writes: “Aristarchus the Samian is supposed to be because the plains of the stars and Alion remain motionless, while Gan revolves around Alion in a circular circumference, which is in the middle of the road text”.
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